Academic Integrity

What is a slippery slope fallacy?

- An argument that assumes or intentionally exaggerates without justification that a proposed change will lead to an unstoppable series of events/ consequences. E.g. *With reference to the coronavirus* "If we don't bulk buy toilet paper now, we won't be able to get any for 3 months.

Why is academic integrity important?

- To prepare for a successful career: Integrity is prized in most industries, especially those where there exists a relationship between staff and vulnerable people - To safeguard the value of your degree: Your degree is only as valuable as the credibility of your university - To genuinely learn - To acknowledge your debt to those whose work you are building on - To validate your ideas - To maintain the validity of the academy - universities as legitimate

What are the two types of instruction words? What are they

- Two different types : Descriptive- Define, demonstrate, describe, outline, compare, summarise, identify. - Critical: Analyse, evaluate, justify, discuss, examine, to what extent, assess.

Why is academic integrity important? List 4 reasons

1. Academic integrity is vital to both the student and the university at which they are studying. In upholding academic integrity you are upholding the standing and reputation of the institution, whilst protecting the value of your degree. If the reputation of a university is tainted, so too will the credibility of your degree, and thus reducing employability prospects. 2. Secondly, in the maintenance of Academic Integrity, the student is compelled to actually learn the content, and make the most of their degree 3. Through learning the content, you are in turn increasing employability, as you are going into a career in which you are fully versed in the required skills and knowledge. Academic integrity is highly valued in most industries, and in which there is a relationship/ circumstance dependant on your academic integrity 4. Fourthly, academic integrity is important in acknowledging your debt to those whose work you are building on

What are some obstacles that one might encounter when trying to find quality, factual information? 3 reasons

1. Information overload: Though the internet has brought forth large amounts of information, it has not increased our ability to process/ manage it 2. Technology damaging our attention spans: Because we have increased distraction and less self control, adolescents are more likely to choose easy, but less credible information. 3. Technology reinforcing our biases: Because of echo chambers, it is hard to find information that does not feed into the algorithm. Don't have exposure to external information

Why is it important to understand what is factual and what isn't? 3 reasons

1. It helps us navigate the world and make good decisions 2. Increases our independence- by thinking critically about what is true and what isn't we are less likely to be influenced by those who seek to manipulate how we think e.g. politicians 3. 1. It is an essential part of an argumentative academic essay - you need to find reliable information sources, evaluate them and then communicate an argument supported by evidence

What is the process of manually writing a reference list?

1. Organise your sources to ensure that when you go to write your reference list you can easily find your source 2. Identify the source type whilst remembering that each format differs between source types 3. Use the library website to determine the formatting for that particular source type 4. Write the end of text reference carefully ensuring you have used the correct formatting

Why is it important to be information literate?

1. You are able to interpret and make informed judgements of information as users and producers in your own right - empowered and able to take more responsibility over your health etc. 2. Information literate people have learned how to learn- they are prepared for lifelong learning because they can always find the information needed for any task or decision at hand 3. A plurality of perspectives and challenges bias

What is a CRAAP analysis?

A CRAAP analysis is a set of criteria for evaluating the reliability of sources.

What is a search string?

A search string is a group of words or characters designed to find information effectively and efficiently in academic databases like Summon, Google scholar or Academic Premier.

What is a claim?

A statement of belief. What you believe- with good reason- to be true. A sound claim or reliable claim is when there is enough reliable evidence to justify/ evidence claim.

What is academic integrity?

Academic integrity is about acting in an honest and diligent way in all academic work. It basically means that students should do their own academic work and acknowledge when sources are used in their work

What is an ad hominem argument? Example?

Ad hominem argument: Arguing against the person rather than their arguments. E.g " How can we trust and respect a principal who has rainbow hair?"

What are some types of logical fallacies explored in class?

Adhominem argument, An appeal to authority, Appeal to popularity, slippery slope fallacy and straw man argument

What does APA 6th stand for? What does DOI stand for?

American Psychological Association. Digital Object Identifier.

What is an argument?

An argument is a claim and reasons to support the claim. It includes the following parts: 1. A series of sentences, statements and propositions 2. Where some are premises (reasons) 3. And one is the conclusion 4. Where the premises are intended to give reason to the conclusion For example. a. I drank a lot of whiskey last night (premise) b. And I didn't drink any water (premises) c. Therefore I am hungover this morning (conclusion)

What makes an argument valid/ invalid?

An argument is said to be valid when the premises support the conclusion.

What makes an argument sound/ unsound?

An argument is sound when it is valid (when the premises support the conclusion), and has true premises. An argument is unsound when it is either invalid, or it has one or more false premises

What is an appeal to popularity?

Appeal to what the majority think, thus it must be true. E.g. Taking drugs at festivals is okay because everyone else does it."

What is a straw man argument?

Arguing a different issue to the one at hand , or changing the subject, or getting side tracked, so a particular issues is avoided. " I don't like African food. " "You're just saying that because you are racist!"

What are BOOLEAN operators?

BOOLEAN operators such as AND, NOT, OR can specify what information students should include and what they shouldn't. Essential to research as excludes unnecessary info.

What source type is this? Williams, D. (2007). Communication skills in practice: A practical guide for health professionals. London, United Kingdom: J. Kingsley.

Book

What are some examples of breaching academic integrity?

Buying an essay online. Sharing test answers with friends. Getting a friend to edit your writing

What is the fifth standard

Communicate: The information literate person applies prior and new knowledge to construct new concepts or create new meanings

What are each of the criteria?

Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose

What are the two most effective learning strategies

Distributed practice and practice testing

Relevance?

Does the information relate to the topic or answer the question? Who is the intended audience? Is the information at an appropriate level? Have you looked at a variety of sources before choosing this one?

What is the third standard

Evaluate: The information literate person is able to critically evaluate the information and the information seeking process

What are 4 different brainstorming techniques?

Freewriting: Writing down what you know about a subject without worrying about grammar or punctuation Listing: writing down ideas about a topic in a list - uses words related or similar to your topic word Questioning: Writing down key questions helps you identify key gaps in your knowledge Mind mapping: Involves writing down the main topic, and organising information related around it in subtopics. Connections can be made

What is the process of finding sources?

Identify topic words and what your question is asking you to find. Free write, list, mind map, questioning. Develop Boolean. Conduct searches, applying filters. CRAAP criteria. Evaluate. Develop new search strings along the way.

What is information literacy?

Information literacy is a set of abilities requiring individuals to recognise when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate and use effectively the needed information.

What are instruction words? List one example

Instruction words instruct students on how they should approach an assessment Instruction words are often verbs such as 'Explain' 'Assess'

What is the sixth standard

Integrity: Uses information with understanding and acknowledges the cultural, ethical, legal and social issues surrounding the use of information

What is a logical fallacy?

Is an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid

What source type is this? Beyer, B. K. (2008). How to teach thinking skills in social studies and history. The Social Studies, 99(5), 196-201. doi:10.3200/TSSS.99.5.196-201

Journal article

Limiting words? Example

Limit the scope of the question - the extent of relevance

What is practice testing

Low stakes. Recalling information using interrogative questions. Using flashcards to recall information. Completing practice questions included at the end of textbook chapters. Recalling self explanations.

What source type is this? Brookhart, S. M., & Moss, C. M. (2013, May). Leading by learning. Phi Delta Kappan, 94(8), 13-17. Retrieved from http://www.kappanmagazine.org

Magazine online

What is the fourth standard

Manage: The information literate person manages information generate or collected

What source type is this? Allard, T., & Skehan, C. (2006, April 14). Tough luck for the boat people who reach land. The Sydney Morning Herald, p. 7. Retrieved from http://www.smh.com.au

Newspaper online

Where can one find the formatting information?

Notre Dame Library website and APA 6th website

List the different types of academic misconduct

Plagiarism, Collusion, Cheating in an exam, and unethical data use

What are the standards of the Australian nz framework

Plan, Search, Evaluate, Manage, Communicate, Integrity

What is the first standard

Plan: The information literate person is able to recognise when information, and identify the extent and nature of the information needed

What is the second standard

Search: The information literate person is able to find information effectively and efficiently

What is distributed practice?

Short, distributed practice over time, and continuing other topics in between- stored in long term memory . Ebbinghaus forgetting curve

What is an appeal to authority? Example?

The claim than argument is necessarily valid because it has been advanced or defended by someone who is famous or 'expert'. E.g. "Kim Kardashian said green juices burn stomach fat, so it must be true."

What search engines are available to you?

The conversation, UNDA library, Google Scholar, Summon, Academic Search Premier.

What is scope?

The extent of the area or subject matter that something deals with or to which it is relevant. An example of changing scope: - Original sentence: Assess the impact of energy drinks on peoples health? - New: Assess the impact of energy drinks on the health of Victorian's in the past 5 years?

What is integrity?

The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles

What is a thesis and thesis statement? Where can you generally find one?

Thesis: main idea, opinion, or theory of a person, group, piece of writing, or speech Thesis statement: A short statement, usually one sentence, that summarizes the main point or claim of an essay, research paper, etc., and is developed, supported, and explained in the text by means of examples and evidence Where is it found: At the end of the first paragraph.

How do you narrow searches?

Through the application of filters and BOOLEAN operators

What are topic words?

Topic words relate to the main issues or ideas contained within the essay topic

Where is the topic word in this sentence: Discuss the role of a "fake news" in political campaigns in Australia over the past 10 years.

Topic words- "fake news" and "Political campaigns.

Why is it important to use end of text referencing?

Validate our argument - the providing of correct end of text references allowing lecturers determine the arguments significance within the framework of ... sources

What source type is this? Red Cross. (2014). Ways of working. Retrieved from http://www.redcross.org.au/ways-of-working.aspx

Website

Purpose?

What is the purpose of the information? To inform? To sell? Teach? Advertise? Does the point of view seem objective or impartial? Are there any political, cultural, institutional, economic or religious bias?

What are some examples of acting with academic integrity

When using information from a source, acknowledging that specific source by using the relevant referencing technique. Applying for special consideration or an extension from unit co-ordinator, as oppose to cheating.

What are questions associated with currency?

When was the information published or posted? Has the information been revised or updated? Are the links functional?

Accuracy?

Where does the information come from? Is the information supported by evidence? Has it been reviewed or refereed?

Authority?

Who is the publisher/ author/ sponsor/ source? Are the author's credentials or organisational affiliations given? What are the author's qualifications to write on the topic? Is there contact information given such as publisher/ email?

What is a topic sentence?

a sentence that expresses the main idea of the paragraph in which it occurs.

What source type is this? Rupert, R. D. (2009). Cognitive systems and the extended mind. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379457.001.0001

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