Acids and Bases
What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
A proton donor (H+), behaves like an acid when not in water
If a reaction contains a weak base, what kind of conjugate does is have?
strong conjugate acid
If a reaction contains a weak acid, what kind of conjugate does is have?
strong conjugate base
The bigger the acid dissociation constant, the ____ the acid because______.
stronger, more is ionized
What are the distinctive properties of acids?
tart or sour taste (vinegar, lemons), electrolytes in aqueous solutions (conduct electricity), reacts with compounds containing hydroxide ions (bases) to form water and a salt, changes color of an indicator, reacts with metals to form hydrogen
If a reaction contains a strong base, what kind of conjugate does is have?
weak conjugate acid
If a reaction contains a strong acid, what kind of conjugate does is have?
weak conjugate base
What occurs in a Bronsted-Lowry reaction?
A proton is transferred from the acid to the base and a conjugate acid and a conjugate base are formed
What does amphoteric (aka amphiprotic) mean?
A substance that behaves as both a Bronsted-Lowry acid and base.
What pH does an acidic solution have?
Above 7
What is a Lewis acid?
Accepts an electron pair to form a coordinate covalent bond. (H+ plus NH3 yields NH4+)
What is a Lewis base?
Donates an electron pair to form a coordinate covalent bond (H+ plus NH3 yields NH4+)
What does the product of hydronium and hydroxide ions equal, and what is this called?
1.00 x 10 (-14); ion-product constant for water (Kw)
How much more/less concentrated are the units on the pH scale?
10 times (logarithmic)
What is the sum of pH and pOH?
14
What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?
A proton acceptor (H+), behaves like a base when not in water
What is a monoprotic acid?
Acids that contain one ionizable hydrogen, such as nitric acid (HNO3)
What is a triprotic acid?
Acids that contain three ionizable hydrogens, such as phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
What is a diprotic acid?
Acids that contain two ionizable hydrogens, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
What are the distinctive properties of bases?
Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, will change the color of an acid-base indicator, can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solution, and react with acids to form water and a salt.
What pH does a basic solution have?
Below 7
What is the concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions in a sample of water at 25 degrees Celsius?
Hydronium (H3O+)= 1.00 x 10 (-7) M Hydroxide (OH-)+ 1.00 x 10 (-7) M
What is an Arrhenius acid?
Increases H+ concentration in water, has H in formula (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4)
What is an Arrhenius base?
Increases OH- concentration in water, has OH in formula (NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH)2)
Why does water undergo self-ionization?
It is extremely polar, so it reacts with other water molecules.
What is the conjugate acid?
The product that accepted the H+ ion
What is the conjugate base?
What is left when the proton is given up
What is Ka?
[H+][conjugate base] over [acid]
What is Kb?
[conjugate base][OH-] over [base]
What is a strong base?
a base that dissociates completely in water
What is a weak base?
a base that must react with water to form a hydroxide ion
What is ionization?
a substance reacts with water to form ions
What is a strong acid?
an acid that ionizes completely in water
What is a weak acid?
an acid that only ionizes partially in water (usually less than 5%)
What is pH?
an indication of H+; ranges from 0-14; -log(H+)
What is pOH?
an indication of OH-; -log(OH-)
Stronger acid has...
higher [H+] and lower pH
What is dissociation?
ions separate in water (not reaction)
Weaker acid has...
lower [H+] and higher pH