Adolescence Exam 3
dates
Adolescents are most likely to exhibit false-self behavior with their: A) friends. B) parents. C) dates. D) siblings
increasing emotional distance from parents
All of the following are characteristics of the development of cognitive autonomy, except: A) increasingly abstract ways to think about moral, political, ideological, and religious issues. B) increasing emotional distance from parents. C) beliefs that are increasingly rooted in general principles that have an ideological basis. D) beliefs that are increasingly founded in the individual's own values.
differntiated
As adolescents develop, their self-conceptions become more: A) negative. B) optimistic. C) disorganized. D) differentiated.
autonomy
Cara hates that her mother always asks her where she is going and who she is hanging out with. Cara's attempts to keep secrets are her attempt to establish: A) autonomy. B) independence. C) maturity. D) self-reliance.
her desire to conform to her peers
Carrie's parents have repeatedly told her not to pierce her belly button despite her argument that all of her friends are getting their belly buttons pierced. Carrie's urge to pierce her navel probably stems from: A) her desire to rebel against her parents. B) her need to express her true identity. C) her desire to be a true individual. D) her desire to conform to her peers.
permissive
Craig is always the first to go along with the deviant activities his friends suggest. With which style of parenting was Craig probably raised? A) authoritarian B) permissive C) authoritative D) autocratic
decreases; increases
During late adolescence, the susceptibility to peer pressure _________ and the strength of peer pressure _________. A) increases; increases B) increases; decreases C) decreases; decreases D) decreases; increases
higher
During middle adolescence, the susceptibility to peer pressure is _________ than that of late adolescence A) higher B) lower C) the same
individuation; emotional closeness
Emotional autonomy develops best when parents encourage _______ and _______. A) individuation; emotional closeness B) individuation; emotional distance C) detachment; emotional distance D) independence; interdependence
identity diffusion
Identity that is incoherent, disjointed, and characterized by an incomplete sense of self is called: A) false-self behavior. B) moratorium. C) identity diffusion. D) marginal identity
individuation
In contrast to the psychoanalytic perspective, many researchers today assert that a late adolescent who is gradually and progressively sharpening his/her sense of self as autonomous, competent, and separate from one's parents is developing a sense of: A) autonomy. B) individuation. C) self-evaluation. D) morality.
behavioral
Jane has decided not to go along with her friends and drink after school. She realizes that this is wrong, and decides not to give in to the peer pressure. What type of autonomy is Jane exhibiting? A) behavioral B) emotional C) cognitive D) none of the above
emotional
Karen's parents have noticed that throughout Karen's adolescent years, their relationship has transformed. What type of autonomy is Karen expressing? A) emotional B) cognitive C) behavioral D) none of the above
principled moral reasoning
Postconventional reasoning also has been referred to as: A) emotional reasoning. B) principled moral reasoning. C) self-reliant reasoning. D) autonomous reasoning.
individuation
Rather than rebelling against her parents' midnight curfew by deliberately staying out later, a girl who has a healthy sense of _______________ might ask her politely with reasoning
interactions with others
The key to resolving the crisis of identity versus identity diffusion, according to Erikson, is: A) identity achievement. B) family relationships. C) interactions with others. D) peer relationships.
cognitive
The transformation in religious thinking during adolescence can be best understood as part of the overall development of ________ autonomy. A) adolescent B) behavioral C) emotional D) cognitive
independence; autonomy
Whereas _________ refers to individuals' capacity to behave on their own, ___________ has emotional and cognitive as well as behavioral components. A) independence; self-sufficiency B) autonomy; independence C) independence; autonomy D) autonomy; self-sufficiency
neuroticism
Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how anxious someone is? A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Neuroticism D) Conscientiousness E) Openness
openness
Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how curious/imaginative someone is? A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Neuroticism D) Conscientiousness E) Openness
extraversion
Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how energetic/outgoing someone is? A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Neuroticism D) Conscientiousness E) Openness
agreeableness
Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how kind someone is? A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Neuroticism D) Conscientiousness E) Openness
conscienctiousness
Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how organized someone is? A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Neuroticism D) Conscientiousness E) Openness
puberty
Which of the following events have researchers suggested is one of the most important triggers of the individuation process? A) puberty B) identity development C) detaching from parents D) seeing parents as people
emotional autonomy
Which of the following type of autonomy refers to that aspect of independence related to changes in an individual's close relationships? A) behavioral autonomy B) psychosocial autonomy C) emotional autonomy D) cognitive autonomy
emotional autonomy
Which of the following types of autonomy refers to that aspect of independence related to changes in an individual's close relationships? A) behavioral autonomy B) psychosocial autonomy C) emotional autonomy D) cognitive autonomy
false self
____________ is when someone acts or behaves like someone they're not. This behavior is an intentional fake impression to others. This is most common when adolescents are experiencing o low self-esteem o depression o low emotional support
psychosocial moratorium
a time out from responsibilities and obligations in which Erikson believe should be time dedicated to finding yourself and focus on self-discovery
psychological distress
adolescents whose parents impede the individuation process are more likely to show signs of _____________________
autonomy
capacity to behave and feel independently, and think for oneself
understanding there are many views different from their parents view
cognitive development also triggers individuation... how?
detachment
in psychoanalytic theory, the process through which adolescents sever emotional attachments to their parents or other authority figures
changes in the way that adolescents are viewed
physical appearance or puberty changes and triggers individuation...why?
behavioral autonomy
the capacity to make independent decisions and to follow through with them
cognitive autonomy
the establishment of an independent set of values, opinions, and beliefs
emotional autonomy
the establishment of more adultlike and less childish close relationships with family members and peers
preconventional moral reasoning
the first level of moral reasoning in which is typical of children and is characterized by reasoning that is based on rewards and punishments assoicated with different courses of action
postconventional moral reasoning
the level of moral reasoning during which society's rules and conventions are seen as relative and subjective rather than as authoritative; also called principled moral reasoning
conventional moral reasoning
the second level of moral development, which occurs during late childhood and early adolescence and is characterized by reasoning that is based on the rules and conventions of society
individuation
the sharpening of an individual's sense of being an autonomous, independent person; includes bettering one's sense of self, competency, and separate from one's parents. They also accept responsibility for one's actions and choices.
false
true or false: Females have a greater sense of physical and athletic competence compared to males
true
true or false: appearance has the highest correlation to self-esteem
true
true or false: improvements in self-esteem is correlated with good family and peer relations
true
true or false: personality have both a genetic and environmental component
puberty/phyiscal appearance, cognitive development
what triggers individuation