Adolescence Exam 3

dates

Adolescents are most likely to exhibit false-self behavior with their: A) friends. B) parents. C) dates. D) siblings

increasing emotional distance from parents

All of the following are characteristics of the development of cognitive autonomy, except: A) increasingly abstract ways to think about moral, political, ideological, and religious issues. B) increasing emotional distance from parents. C) beliefs that are increasingly rooted in general principles that have an ideological basis. D) beliefs that are increasingly founded in the individual's own values.

differntiated

As adolescents develop, their self-conceptions become more: A) negative. B) optimistic. C) disorganized. D) differentiated.

autonomy

Cara hates that her mother always asks her where she is going and who she is hanging out with. Cara's attempts to keep secrets are her attempt to establish: A) autonomy. B) independence. C) maturity. D) self-reliance.

her desire to conform to her peers

Carrie's parents have repeatedly told her not to pierce her belly button despite her argument that all of her friends are getting their belly buttons pierced. Carrie's urge to pierce her navel probably stems from: A) her desire to rebel against her parents. B) her need to express her true identity. C) her desire to be a true individual. D) her desire to conform to her peers.

permissive

Craig is always the first to go along with the deviant activities his friends suggest. With which style of parenting was Craig probably raised? A) authoritarian B) permissive C) authoritative D) autocratic

decreases; increases

During late adolescence, the susceptibility to peer pressure _________ and the strength of peer pressure _________. A) increases; increases B) increases; decreases C) decreases; decreases D) decreases; increases

higher

During middle adolescence, the susceptibility to peer pressure is _________ than that of late adolescence A) higher B) lower C) the same

individuation; emotional closeness

Emotional autonomy develops best when parents encourage _______ and _______. A) individuation; emotional closeness B) individuation; emotional distance C) detachment; emotional distance D) independence; interdependence

identity diffusion

Identity that is incoherent, disjointed, and characterized by an incomplete sense of self is called: A) false-self behavior. B) moratorium. C) identity diffusion. D) marginal identity

individuation

In contrast to the psychoanalytic perspective, many researchers today assert that a late adolescent who is gradually and progressively sharpening his/her sense of self as autonomous, competent, and separate from one's parents is developing a sense of: A) autonomy. B) individuation. C) self-evaluation. D) morality.

behavioral

Jane has decided not to go along with her friends and drink after school. She realizes that this is wrong, and decides not to give in to the peer pressure. What type of autonomy is Jane exhibiting? A) behavioral B) emotional C) cognitive D) none of the above

emotional

Karen's parents have noticed that throughout Karen's adolescent years, their relationship has transformed. What type of autonomy is Karen expressing? A) emotional B) cognitive C) behavioral D) none of the above

principled moral reasoning

Postconventional reasoning also has been referred to as: A) emotional reasoning. B) principled moral reasoning. C) self-reliant reasoning. D) autonomous reasoning.

individuation

Rather than rebelling against her parents' midnight curfew by deliberately staying out later, a girl who has a healthy sense of _______________ might ask her politely with reasoning

interactions with others

The key to resolving the crisis of identity versus identity diffusion, according to Erikson, is: A) identity achievement. B) family relationships. C) interactions with others. D) peer relationships.

cognitive

The transformation in religious thinking during adolescence can be best understood as part of the overall development of ________ autonomy. A) adolescent B) behavioral C) emotional D) cognitive

independence; autonomy

Whereas _________ refers to individuals' capacity to behave on their own, ___________ has emotional and cognitive as well as behavioral components. A) independence; self-sufficiency B) autonomy; independence C) independence; autonomy D) autonomy; self-sufficiency

neuroticism

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how anxious someone is? A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Neuroticism D) Conscientiousness E) Openness

openness

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how curious/imaginative someone is? A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Neuroticism D) Conscientiousness E) Openness

extraversion

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how energetic/outgoing someone is? A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Neuroticism D) Conscientiousness E) Openness

agreeableness

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how kind someone is? A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Neuroticism D) Conscientiousness E) Openness

conscienctiousness

Which dimension of the Five-Factor Model measures how organized someone is? A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Neuroticism D) Conscientiousness E) Openness

puberty

Which of the following events have researchers suggested is one of the most important triggers of the individuation process? A) puberty B) identity development C) detaching from parents D) seeing parents as people

emotional autonomy

Which of the following type of autonomy refers to that aspect of independence related to changes in an individual's close relationships? A) behavioral autonomy B) psychosocial autonomy C) emotional autonomy D) cognitive autonomy

emotional autonomy

Which of the following types of autonomy refers to that aspect of independence related to changes in an individual's close relationships? A) behavioral autonomy B) psychosocial autonomy C) emotional autonomy D) cognitive autonomy

false self

____________ is when someone acts or behaves like someone they're not. This behavior is an intentional fake impression to others. This is most common when adolescents are experiencing o low self-esteem o depression o low emotional support

psychosocial moratorium

a time out from responsibilities and obligations in which Erikson believe should be time dedicated to finding yourself and focus on self-discovery

psychological distress

adolescents whose parents impede the individuation process are more likely to show signs of _____________________

autonomy

capacity to behave and feel independently, and think for oneself

understanding there are many views different from their parents view

cognitive development also triggers individuation... how?

detachment

in psychoanalytic theory, the process through which adolescents sever emotional attachments to their parents or other authority figures

changes in the way that adolescents are viewed

physical appearance or puberty changes and triggers individuation...why?

behavioral autonomy

the capacity to make independent decisions and to follow through with them

cognitive autonomy

the establishment of an independent set of values, opinions, and beliefs

emotional autonomy

the establishment of more adultlike and less childish close relationships with family members and peers

preconventional moral reasoning

the first level of moral reasoning in which is typical of children and is characterized by reasoning that is based on rewards and punishments assoicated with different courses of action

postconventional moral reasoning

the level of moral reasoning during which society's rules and conventions are seen as relative and subjective rather than as authoritative; also called principled moral reasoning

conventional moral reasoning

the second level of moral development, which occurs during late childhood and early adolescence and is characterized by reasoning that is based on the rules and conventions of society

individuation

the sharpening of an individual's sense of being an autonomous, independent person; includes bettering one's sense of self, competency, and separate from one's parents. They also accept responsibility for one's actions and choices.

false

true or false: Females have a greater sense of physical and athletic competence compared to males

true

true or false: appearance has the highest correlation to self-esteem

true

true or false: improvements in self-esteem is correlated with good family and peer relations

true

true or false: personality have both a genetic and environmental component

puberty/phyiscal appearance, cognitive development

what triggers individuation