Advance test 3 questions

A young patient with cerebral palsy come to you for treatment. Her mother indicates that the child has voice problems. You mention to the mother that the child's voice problems may be the result of all of the following except: A. Glottal insufficiency B. Respiratory problems C. Otitis media D. Velopharyngeal incompetence

C. Otitis media

When a vowel (usually /o/ or /u/) is substituted for a syllabic consonant (e.g., a child may say "bado" instead of "bottle," or "noodoo" instead of "noodle"), it is called A. gliding. B. vocalization. C. velar fronting. D. stopping.

B. vocalization.

A child is referred to a hospital-based clinician for assessment and treatment. In the child's chart, it is stated that the child has a syndrome caused by spontaneous autosomal dominant mutations. The gene and the locus of this syndrome is FGR2 at 10q25-26. The child has midfacial hypoplasia, an arched and grooved hard palate, and mild mental retardation. What does the child have? A. Trisomy 13 B. Angelman syndrome C. Apert syndrome D. Turner syndrome

C. Apert syndrome

A researcher who was developing a new test of language acquisition in children correlated the scores of children studied with the scores on an established test of known validity. What kind of validity is this? A. Predictive validity B. Content validity C. Concurrent validity D. Construct validity

C. Concurrent validity

A successful outcome of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) use is directly affected by the content of intervention, which of the following is another factor in the successful outcome of AAC intervention? A. Limited language proficiency B. Time of peak onset C. Context D. Incorporating phonatory aerodynamic system (PAS) measurements

C. Context

Van Riper's approach to treating stuttering included all of the following except: A. Desensitization B. Modification C. Continuous phonation D. Motivation

C. Continuous phonation

Nicole, a voice major, is having problems raising the pitch of her voice. Her speech-language pathologist recommends that she lengthen and tense her vocal folds to increase her pitch. Which muscle is involved in achieving this goal? A. Transverse arytenoids B. Oblique arytenoids C. Cricothyroid D. Thyroarytenoid

C. Cricothyroid

What type of display allows the user to access a large amount of vocabulary in one device, uses spelling to convey the message, is changeable by the user, depicts language in electronic form, uses context-based pages, and uses conversational pages? A. Static B. Hybrid C. Dynamic D. Synthetic

C. Dynamic

You are evaluating a three-year old girl. You would like to assess her speech-associated attitude and are especially interested in the linguistic level of the child. The following assessment would be appropriate to administer: A. Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering (OASES) B. Stuttering Severity Instrument 4 (SSI-4) C. KiddyCat Communication Attitude Test D. Speech Locus of Control Scale

C. KiddyCat Communication Attitude Test

A patient was admitted to a hospital and was diagnosed with right hemisphere damage. The attending physician mentioned to the residents that patients with right hemisphere damage tend to demonstrate A. severe naming problems. B. profound auditory comprehension problems. C. severe oral expression problems. D. impaired comprehension of implied meanings.

D. impaired comprehension of implied meanings.

Compensatory strategy training focuses on maximizing the skills of an individual with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) by modifying the environment and providing internal and external supports. This strategy capitalizes on intact skills to help an individual overcome deficits resulting from a TBI. Which of the following is an example of an external compensatory strategy that may be used to assist a client? A. Mnemonics B. Imagery C. Memory aids D. Association

C. Memory aids

You are working with Mike, a 65-year-old man who has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. In therapy, you are addressing his speech difficulties, which are due to dysarthria. Dysarthria is a A. speech disorder in the absence of muscle weakness or paralysis. B. speech disorder never associated with aphasia. C. single disorder with a single etiology. D. speech disorder associated with muscle weakness or paralysis.

D. speech disorder associated with muscle weakness or paralysis.

A 5-year-old child with specific language impairment may say something like "Dog bark" instead of "The dog is barking." This is known as A. functional speech. B. topic maintenance. C. lack of assertiveness. D. telegraphic speech.

D. telegraphic speech.

Public Law 94-142, the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975, was later reauthorized and retitled as A. the Americans with Disabilities Act. B. the Education of Disabled Individuals Act. C. the Handicapped Individuals Education Act. D. the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act.

D. the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act.

Unilateral upper motor neuron (UUMN) dysarthria can be caused by unilateral damage to the upper motor neurons. When evaluating a client for this type of dysarthria, it is important to recognize the deviant speech characteristics of a client with a diagnosis of UUMN dysarthria. Which of the following is the deficit that is present in almost all clients? A. Imprecise consonants B. Irregular articulatory breakdowns C. Increased rate in segments D. Excess and equal stress

A. Imprecise consonants

If the hyoid bone is partially or completely removed secondary to cancer, which of the following would be damaged? A. Laryngeal suspension and elevation B. False vocal fold constriction C. Thyroid tilt D. Epiglottic inversion

A. Laryngeal suspension and elevation

The tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear is innervated by cranial nerve: A. I B. V C. VIII D. IX

B. V

Congenital myopathies and muscular dystrophies refer to groups of diseases that affect what? A. Hair B. Epidermis C. Glossopharyngeal nerve D. Muscle

D. Muscle

When treating a patient with tongue thrust and articulation errors, some clinician believe that modifying __________________ should be treated before articulation errors. A. Nasal regurgitation B. Velum placement C. Sound segmentation D. Tongue position and lip closure

D. Tongue position and lip closure

An individual who sustained a traumatic brain injury, presented with articulatory and phonological deficits. In this case, the injury was probably sustained in all of the following, except: A. Hypothalamus B. Cerebellum C. Peripheral nerves D. Brainstem

A. Hypothalamus

Apraxia of speech (AOS) can be caused by any process that damages structures involved in motor speech programming. Which of the following etiologies is the most common cause of AOS? A. Degenerative diseases B. Traumatic injury C. Left hemisphere tumor D. Vascular lesions

D. Vascular lesions

The Visi-Pitch is one of the most popular instruments used to measure pitch. If a clinician uses the Visi-Pitch, which of the following results can be obtained? A. Frequency range, optimal pitch, and habitual pitch B. Frequency range, nasality, and resonance C. Optimal pitch, nasality, and resonance D. Frequency range, habitual pitch, and resonance

A. Frequency range, optimal pitch, and habitual pitch

You are conducting a language sample with an adolescent who speaks African American English (AAE). Which of the following utterances would be an example of the use of the perfective construction been to indicate an action that took place in the distant past? A. "I been had chicken pox when I was 5." B. "Our family been gonna see a movie." C. "My grandparents be watchin' TV." D. "We don't have no more Halloween candy for y'all."

A. "I been had chicken pox when I was 5."

Swallowing rehabilitation is most effective when the patient is given a single set of instructions and is reinforced by: A. All professionals caring for the patient B. The speech-language pathologist C. The occupational therapist D. The laryngologist

A. All professionals caring for the patient

This phonological pattern approach, developed by Hodson and Paden (1991), is designed to treat children with multiple misarticulations. This approach is appropriate for children with highly unintelligible speech and consists of treatment cycles that vary between 5 weeks and 16 weeks: A. Cycles approach B. Contrast approach C. Distinctive feature approach D. Multiple phoneme approach

A. Cycles approach

With different types of dysarthria, a differential diagnosis may be challenging. The clinician needs to know the unique features of each type. Obviously, each type may be contrasted on more than one feature, but which of the following statements correctly contrasts two types to help make a differential diagnosis? A. Excessive and even stress helps distinguish ataxic dysarthria from hyperkinetic dysarthria, with its equal stress. B. Imprecise production of consonants helps distinguish hyperkinetic dysarthria from hypokinetic dysarthria, which is characterized by distorted vowels. C. Impression of drunken speech found in mixed dysarthria helps distinguish it from ataxic dysarthria, in which that characteristic is absent. D. Excess loudness variations of flaccid dysarthria distinguish it from monoloudness of hyperkinetic dysarthria.

A. Excessive and even stress helps distinguish ataxic dysarthria from hyperkinetic dysarthria, with its equal stress.

Magdalena, a 10-year-old Austrian student, recently moved to your school. She was diagnosed by the speech-language pathologist at her previous school with selective mutism. You have never treated a client with selective mutism. With all new diagnoses, it is important to educate yourself on the general treatment options. Her parents report that Magdalena does speak at home when the immediate family is around. Additionally, once an unfamiliar person is present, Magdalena seems very tense and anxious. She was able to warm up to the speech-language pathologist from the previous school within a month of therapy; however, she received therapy twice a week. You decide to look up strategies that will be the best fit for Magdalena. Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for her? A. Exposure-based practice B. Systematic desensitization C. Stimulus fading D. Contingency management, positive reinforcement, and shaping

A. Exposure-based practice

Which of the following is an accurate representation of Light's four communicative competencies? A. Linguistic competence, operational competence, social competence, strategic competence B. Language competence, functional competence, sociolinguistic competence, statistical competence C. Linguistic competence, sociolinguistic competence, statistical competence, derivational competence D. Metabolic competence, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), competence, pragmatic competence, syntax competence

A. Linguistic competence, operational competence, social competence, strategic competence

Which of the following is a prosthetic effort that is appropriate for patients with ataxic dysarthria? A. Neck brace or cervical collar B. Nose clip or nasal obturator C. Palatal lift D. Vocal amplifier

A. Neck brace or cervical collar

Which type of reinforcer does not rely on past learning and fulfills biological needs? An example is food or drink. A. Primary reinforcer B. Secondary reinforcer C. Conditioned reinforcer D. Social reinforcer

A. Primary reinforcer

An investigator carries out a study to answer the question of whether an increased rate of sibling speech causes an increase in the frequency of stuttering in children. After pretesting rates of stuttering in selected children and the speech rate of their siblings, the investigator tells the siblings in the control group to speak as they normally would at home. She tells the siblings in the experimental group to speak much more rapidly than they would at home. In this study, what is the dependent variable? A. Rates of stuttering in the children in both groups B. The rate of speech of the siblings in the experimental group C. The rate of speech of the siblings in the control group D. The combined amount of stuttering by the children in both the experimental and the control groups

A. Rates of stuttering in the children in both groups

When myopathy affects muscles responsible for respiration and speech, characteristic signs of muscle weakness may appear. If a patient's respiratory muscles are affected, how might the patient's speech also be affected? A. Short utterances, long pauses between utterances, and diminished vocal intensity B. Rapid muscle fatigue, but quick recovery when muscles are rested C. Sensory disturbances D. Combinations of spastic and flaccid dysarthria

A. Short utterances, long pauses between utterances, and diminished vocal intensity

Which of the following occurs when the behaviors of two individuals mutually influence the subsequent behaviors of the other? A. Social interaction B. Social integration C. Social influence D. Social communication

A. Social interaction

A 2-year-old with an unrepaired cleft palate was recently seen for an evaluation. When comparing the child's data to developmental norms, the speech-language pathologist determines that the child has not mastered bilabial stops. Why would developmental norms not determine whether the child receives speech treatment? A. The child does not have the anatomical capacity to produce bilabial stops. B. The speech-language pathologist would need to consult with medical professionals before determining treatment. C. Developmental data do not apply to every child. D. Every child develops at a different pace.

A. The child does not have the anatomical capacity to produce bilabial stops.

A researcher is describing the speech of a group of children who clutter. She finds that the faster the children speak, the less intelligible they are. The researcher obtains a Pearson r correlational relationship of −.89. This shows that there is ___________________ between rate of speech and intelligibility. A. a strong negative correlational (or inverse) relationship B. a positive correlational relationship C. a moderate cause-and-effect relationship D. virtually no correlational relationship

A. a strong negative correlational (or inverse) relationship

You have just completed an evaluation of Tanveer, a 6-year old who speaks Urdu at home (Urdu is his primary language) and English at school. You have discovered that he has a language impairment, and you are creating an intervention plan for him. It has been found that Urdu is his stronger language, and that he is still in the process of learning English. Which one of the following intervention principles should most strongly guide your treatment plan? A. carrying out treatment in Urdu will be more effective and efficient than carrying out therapy in English B. Tanveer's parents should be told to speak only English at home, as being in a bilingual atmosphere will confuse him C. Tanveer needs to be placed in an all-English special education classroom where he can get intensive English input and extra support D. to not confuse Tanveer, therapy should be conducted in English only

A. carrying out treatment in Urdu will be more effective and efficient than carrying out therapy in English

A clinician is evaluating a 12-year old boy, Justin, who was in a car accident and sustained a traumatic brain injury. He is now having difficulty communicating and has complex communication needs. The clinician is attempting to determine which type of alternative/augmentative communication (AAC) technology to use with him. In evaluating Justin's willingness to use this technology, she must consider response efficiency, which involves: A. quality, rate, and immediacy of reinforcement as well as response effort B. the speed at which Justin can press keys on the AAC device C. whether or not a device's symbols are transparent D. whether or not a device's symbols are opaque

A. quality, rate, and immediacy of reinforcement as well as response effort

One major distinction between the pyramidal and the extrapyramidal systems is that A. the pyramidal system controls voluntary and fine motor movements, whereas the extrapyramidal system controls the postural support for fine motor movement. B. unlike the pyramidal system, the extrapyramidal system has direct connections with lower motor neurons. C. the pyramidal system is an indirect activation system, whereas the extrapyramidal system is a direct activation system. D. the pyramidal system is important for speech production, but the extrapyramidal system plays no role in that activity.

A. the pyramidal system controls voluntary and fine motor movements, whereas the extrapyramidal system controls the postural support for fine motor movement.

The following characteristics are important regarding the adaptation effect in persons who stutter, except: A. The greater the time interval between readings, the less the degree of adaptation. B. All persons who stutter exhibit an adaptation effect. C. Adaptation is generally seen in both persons who stutter and typically fluent speakers. D. There is no transfer of adaptation from one passage to another.

B. All persons who stutter exhibit an adaptation effect.

During an evaluation of a 1-month-old infant, the speech-language pathologist informed the mother that on average most 1-month-old infants consume about A. 1 ounce of liquid per feeding. B. 2-6 ounces of liquid per feeding. C. 9-10 ounces per feeding. D. 11 or more ounces per feeding.

B. 2-6 ounces of liquid per feeding.

Constrictions in the vocal tract will raise or lower the formant frequency. How is the first formant frequency, which is also known as F1, lowered? A. A constriction near the velum B. A constriction near a volume velocity maximum C. A constriction near a pressure maximum D. A constriction in the pharynx

B. A constriction near a volume velocity maximum

Mukisa, a 6-year-old boy with verbal apraxia, has been added to your caseload. One of the parents' concerns is the child's lack of intelligibility and limited interaction with peers and with his 8-year-old brother, Akiki. Mukisa's brother attends the same school but has problems with understanding his brother. What is the best way to address the concerns of the parents? A. Encourage the parents to ask the sibling to speak slower at home. B. Allow the sibling to come to therapy sessions to increase his understanding of unintelligible speech. C. Send the client home with lots of homework. D. Provide the family a book that explains apraxia.

B. Allow the sibling to come to therapy sessions to increase his understanding of unintelligible speech.

The Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile (WNSSP) was designed to do what? A. Compensate for some of the deficiencies of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) B. Assess cognitive function and to monitor changes in a patient with a brain injury who is severely impaired and slow to recover C. Determine levels of consciousness of a patient D. Assess how responsive a patient is

B. Assess cognitive function and to monitor changes in a patient with a brain injury who is severely impaired and slow to recover

In this approach to counseling, clients need acceptance and positive unconditional regard to develop congruence between their self-concept and behavior: A. Psychodynamic theory B. Client-centered theory C. Behavioral theory D. Cognitive-behavioral theory

B. Client-centered theory

The occurrence of stuttering on the same words upon repeated reading is known as: A. Adaptation effect B. Consistency effect C. Adjacency effect D. Audience size effect

B. Consistency effect

Your client is having difficulty appropriately using present progressive verbs. During play, you repeatedly model the correct targets without correcting incorrect productions made by the client. This strategy is called: A. Extension B. Forced stimulation C. Milieu teaching D. Expansion

B. Forced stimulation

Christopher is an 18-year-old client with a repaired cleft palate. He has production accuracy on most sound classes; however, he still struggles with certain sounds during therapy. Based on his history of a repaired cleft palate, which two of the following sound classes would Christopher most likely have difficulty with? A. Stops B. Fricatives C. Affricates D. Glides

B. Fricatives C. Affricates

Attachment is a close, nurturing, long-term relationship that develops between the caregiver and infant. Interaction between caregiver and infant strengthens this attachment. When speaking to the caregiver before therapy, it is important to establish the infant vocalizations and Motherese between the caregiver and the infant. All of the following are examples of basic cries except: A. Hunger B. Happy C. Pain D. Anger

B. Happy

____________ frequencies are resonated with greater amplitude than ____________ frequencies. A. Distorted; lower B. Higher; lower C. Lower; higher D. Attenuated; impedance-free

B. Higher; lower

Which one of the following statements is false? A. An English Learner (EL) student whose background does not match the school's expectations might be inaccurately labeled as having a language impairment. B. If a student has typical learning ability in her primary language but is somewhat slow to learn English, she needs to be placed on the speech-language pathologist's caseload for intervention. C. While learning a second language, children often go through a silent period in which they concentrate on comprehension of the new language. D. A child who said, "Me gustaria manejar; I'll take the car!" is manifesting the process of code switching.

B. If a student has typical learning ability in her primary language but is somewhat slow to learn English, she needs to be placed on the speech-language pathologist's caseload for intervention.

An audiologist is testing a client for acoustic immittance. She places a sound stimulus in her client's external ear canal with an airtight closure and measures changes in the acoustic energy as the sound stimulates the auditory system. What instrument is the audiologist using for this particular procedure? A. Otoscope B. Impedance bridge C. Audiometer D. Tympanic meter

B. Impedance bridge

If a screening test for a specific disorder has high sensitivity and low specificity, what does this reveal about the test? A. It may omit the condition in favor of individuals who are free of the disorder. B. It may overidentify the cases of the disorder. C. It may not identify individuals who truly have the disorder. D. The test correctly measures the chances that an individual has the disorder.

B. It may overidentify the cases of the disorder.

Among the following symptoms, which one is not an especially significant feature of traumatic brain injury in children? A. Sentence comprehension problems B. Marked deficiency in producing grammatical morphemes C. Topic maintenance D. Word-retrieval problems

B. Marked deficiency in producing grammatical morphemes

Ellen, an 80-year-old patient, was being seen for swallowing problems. She presents with minimal arousal and is unable to follow simple one-step commands to complete an oral mechanism examination. The clinician initiates ice chip trials as a part of the evaluation and notes oral acceptance and manipulation that is within normal limits; however, no pharyngeal swallow is noted as per palpation. The clinician, therefore, decides to trial exercises that stimulate the swallow reflex and determine Ellen's stimulability for trials. The following exercises are designed to stimulate the swallow reflex, except: A. Thermal stimulation B. Mendelsohn maneuver C. Practicing liquid swallow after stimulation D. Asking the patient to swallow after stimulation without food

B. Mendelsohn maneuver

Evaluating spelling proficiency can actually provide valuable diagnostic information. Poor spelling may reveal weaknesses in the following linguistic components except: A. Orthographic knowledge B. Pragmatic knowledge C. Morphologic knowledge D. Phonemic awareness

B. Pragmatic knowledge

You have just assessed an 85-year-old man with a high school education, significant hearing loss, poor motor skills, and uncontrolled blood pressure. Your diagnosis is global aphasia. When counseling the family, you inform them that this is the most severe form of aphasia usually caused by a lesion in the left middle cerebral artery. You mention to the family that their loved one has problems with comprehension, speech production, naming, writing, repetition, and reading. At the end of assessment, his wife asks, "What is the prognosis for improvement in communication skills?" What would be an appropriate answer? A. Prognosis is good for significant improvement in communication, provided he receives 3 months of therapy. B. Prognosis is guarded, but I recommend a period of trial therapy because the patient is able to convey information by using picture matching, varying the intonation of his voice, and using simple gestures. C. Prognosis is excellent, as long as you help sustain any improvement gained in therapy. D. Prognosis is unfavorable, so we do not recommend therapy.

B. Prognosis is guarded, but I recommend a period of trial therapy because the patient is able to convey information by using picture matching, varying the intonation of his voice, and using simple gestures.

When analyzing spectrograms on a spectrograph, there are different types of spectrograms that allow you to analyze your sample to the best of its ability. These different types of spectrograms are called wideband spectrograms and narrowband spectrograms. Which of the following characteristics is expressed better in a wideband spectrogram? A. Long time window B. Short time window C. Good for showing harmonics D. Good for measuring harmonics

B. Short time window

The following are characteristics of Wilson's disease: A. It is not inherited B. Skin appears yellow C. Kayser-Fleischer rings to appear in the eyes (golden-brown eye discoloration) D. Copper build up in the brain, liver, and vital organs

B. Skin appears yellow C. Kayser-Fleischer rings to appear in the eyes (golden-brown eye discoloration) D. Copper build up in the brain, liver, and vital organs

Tonya is a 4-year-old who presents with muscle stiffness in her legs. Her arms are not affected at all. Tonya struggles to walk because her tight hip and leg muscles cause her legs to pull together. What type of spastic cerebral palsy does Tonya have? A. Spastic hemiplegia B. Spastic diplegia C. Spastic quadriplegia D. Spastic triplegia

B. Spastic diplegia

According to the body-cover theory of phonation, which part of the vocal fold is not considered to be a portion of the cover? A. Epithelium B. Thyroarytenoid muscle C. Superficial layer of the lamina propria D. Intermediate layer of the lamina propria

B. Thyroarytenoid muscle

The following form of instrumental evaluation includes a pulsing light that permits the optical illusion of slow-motion viewing of the vocal folds: A. Electroglottography B. Videostroboscopy C. Electromyography D. Flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy

B. Videostroboscopy

In the source-filter theory, the source and the filter are assumed to be independent. It is implied that you can change the output of the source without changing the filter and vice versa. Which anatomical structure represents the source? A. Lungs B. Vocal fold vibration C. Vocal tract D. Vocal folds

B. Vocal fold vibration

A 70-year-old male has suffered a left cerebrovascular accident (CVA). His verbal output is considered to be fluent; however, he exhibits phonemic and semantic paraphasias, neologisms, empty speech, and lacks content words. He most likely presents with: A. Broca's aphasia B. Wernicke's aphasia C. Anomic aphasia D. Apraxia

B. Wernicke's aphasia

On completion of an oral mechanism examination, the attending orthodontist notices that her patient has a protruding maxilla and a receded mandible. The orthodontist asks the student speech-language pathologist for a diagnosis of the condition. The student should diagnose the condition as A. class I malocclusion. B. class II malocclusion. C. class III malocclusion. D. myofunctional disorder.

B. class II malocclusion.

Jeffery, a 40-year-old patient in the late stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is added to your caseload. Upon entering his room in the hospital, you find he is in a supine position and is having a difficulty breathing. To overcome this difficulty, you suggest that Jeffery: A. lie in a prone position so that his muscles of expiration do not need to work as hard. B. lie in a semi-reclined position to capitalize on the effects of gravity to assist in respiration. C. rotate between lying in the left- and right-lateral recumbent positions every 12 hours so that the contralateral side of the respiratory muscles can rest. D. remain lying in a supine position, but teach the client breathing techniques to increase his vital capacity.

B. lie in a semi-reclined position to capitalize on the effects of gravity to assist in respiration.

A patient in a nursing home is being treated for dysphagia post cerebrovascular accident (CVA). The patient is oriented and can follow directions. The patient has poor tongue control but good pharyngeal and laryngeal control. The clinician decides to try a technique in which she places a bolus in the mouth, tilts the patient's head back, and asks her to swallow. This treatment technique will result in A. increasing the valleculae space. B. narrowing or closure of the valleculae space. C. laryngeal closure issues. D. peristalsis issues.

B. narrowing or closure of the valleculae space.

Extralinguistic aspects of human communication includes nonverbal features that accompany oral production of language and modify the actual meaning. This form of human communication also includes paralinguistic codes and nonlinguistic cues. What is the difference between paralinguistic codes and nonlinguistic cues? A. Paralinguistic codes are nonspeech behaviors that accompany the speaker's words and nonlinguistic cues are melodic components of speech. B. Paralinguistic codes transmit cues though facial expressions and nonlinguistic cues indicate stress or suprasegmentals in speech. C. Paralinguistic codes are the melodic components of speech and nonlinguistic cues are nonspeech behaviors that accompany the speaker's words. D. Paralinguistic codes and nonlinguistic cues are different words but have the same meaning.

C. Paralinguistic codes are the melodic components of speech and nonlinguistic cues are nonspeech behaviors that accompany the speaker's words.

A 3-year-old boy with autism comes to you for intervention. His parents would like for him to interact more successfully with his siblings and peers. He needs work in many areas, but the ability to establish joint reference is critical for him now. Which of these activities would you begin with? A. Labeling objects with one-word descriptors B. Using is + verb -ing in sentences C. Paying attention to the same object or activity as you when directed to do so D. Working on narrative skills

C. Paying attention to the same object or activity as you when directed to do so

Resonance is a property of the vocal tract. Resonance exists whether it is energized or not. What kind of effect does resonance have on speech? A. Resonance does not modify the energy of a speech signal. B. Resonance adds energy to the speech signal. C. Resonance does not add energy to the speech signal. D. It is still unknown.

C. Resonance does not add energy to the speech signal.

A 48-year-old stroke patient was misreading words that were irregularly spelled (e.g., Wednesday) but had no problems with non-words that they had never encountered before (e.g., Diggle). This patient probably presents with: A. Functional alexia B. Deep alexia C. Surface alexia D. Phonological alexia

C. Surface alexia

Because of improved treatment for HIV infection, patients are now living longer. However, as they live longer, some are prone to dementia due to that infection. Select the statement that is true of the AIDS dementia complex. A. Onset is sudden, and deterioration is slow. The HIV infection itself is never the cause; opportunistic brain infections cause deterioration. B. With sudden onset, the patients show rapid and severe deterioration in their speech and language skills. This type of dementia is cortical. C. The onset is slow, but deterioration is rapid in the final stages; tremors, seizures, gait problems, facial nerve paralysis, incontinence, and confusion, depression, hallucinations, delusions, and mutism in the final stage characterize the AIDS dementia complex. D. Unlike other forms of dementia, AIDS dementia complex is free from problems of memory, concentration and attention, apathy, loss of interest in work; thinking is well preserved until the final stage.

C. The onset is slow, but deterioration is rapid in the final stages; tremors, seizures, gait problems, facial nerve paralysis, incontinence, and confusion, depression, hallucinations, delusions, and mutism in the final stage characterize the AIDS dementia complex.

What is the difference between the vocal folds of men and women? A. The vocal folds of men are longer and have more mass than those of women, resulting in a higher fundamental frequency. B. The vocal folds of men are shorter and have less mass than those of women, resulting in a lower fundamental frequency. C. The vocal folds of men are longer and have more mass than those of women, resulting in a lower fundamental frequency. D. The vocal folds of women are shorter and have less mass than those of men, resulting in a lower fundamental frequency.

C. The vocal folds of men are longer and have more mass than those of women, resulting in a lower fundamental frequency.

In your job in a NICU, you find that many of the babies have feeding difficulties. Which one of the following statements is false regarding medically fragile babies with feeding difficulties? A. They have problems with oral-motor development. B. They often need to be fed through nasogastric tubes. C. They can generally breastfeed easily. D. To be fed orally, they must be at least 35 weeks old.

C. They can generally breastfeed easily.

You are working with a child who stutters and are training the parents in indirect therapy. Which of the following is most appropriate? A. Response cost B. Fluent stuttering method C. Using indirect prompts instead of direct questions D. Fluency reinforcement method

C. Using indirect prompts instead of direct questions

The role of a newborn developmental specialist focuses primarily on all of the following, except: A. Feeding and oral-motor development B. Aural rehabilitation C. Voice disorders and treatment D. Caregiver-child communication

C. Voice disorders and treatment

A patient was receiving irradiation to the oral and pharyngeal areas and was experiencing xerostomia, as well as weight loss and an increase in dental caries. During the evaluation, the clinician recommended that the patient A. swallow once prior to taking a spoonful of food in the mouth. B. swallow twice prior to taking a spoonful of food in the mouth. C. be given synthetic saliva just prior to eating. D. use a chin tuck procedure before swallowing.

C. be given synthetic saliva just prior to eating.

Hearing loss that occurs when the middle ear and the inner ear are not functioning properly is known as A. sensorineural hearing loss. B. middle ear hearing loss. C. mixed hearing loss. D. conductive hearing loss.

C. mixed hearing loss.

A spongy growth that starts on the footplate of the stapes and causes it to become rigid is known as A. ototoxicity. B. ossicular discontinuity. C. otosclerosis. D. chronic otitis media.

C. otosclerosis.

What type of dementia is the most common and is characterized by a gradual onset of symptoms and slowly progressive cognitive impairments? A. Huntington's disease B. Parkinson's disease C. Lewy body disease D. Alzheimer's disease

D. Alzheimer's disease

Speech sounds are classified in various ways. Select the statement that is correct according to the classification mentioned in each answer. A. Voicing makes a distinction between vowels and consonants. B. The cognate pairs distinction is based on the place of articulation. C. Among others, speech sounds bilabials and labiodentals are based on the manner of articulation. D. Among others, speech sounds affricates, stops, and liquids are based on the manner of articulation.

D. Among others, speech sounds affricates, stops, and liquids are based on the manner of articulation.

Anjali, a 7-year-old, was referred for speech therapy by her classroom teacher. Anjali uses inappropriate behaviors such as loud screaming or physical violence when presented with a problem and has difficulty understanding idioms. When a confrontation with another student arises, she is unable to explain actions or feelings to the teacher. Which of the following best describes Anjali's diagnosis? A. Hearing loss B. Expressive aphasia C. Autism D. Behavior disorder

D. Behavior disorder

Orlando, a 7-year old boy, exhibits speech output that is rapid, poorly articulated, and sounds rushed. He seems to be talking faster than what his system can handle. Orlando's mother Kathleen mentions that he appears to have difficulty organizing his speech and exhibits excessive "typical" disfluencies, excessive collapsing or deletion of syllables, and/or abnormal pauses, and inappropriate syllable stress. The speech-language pathologist is planning a treatment regimen and informs Kathleen that therapy with Orlando will focus on his diagnosis which is: A. Spoonerism B. Tourette's syndrome C. Stuttering D. Cluttering

D. Cluttering

Choose the statement that correctly describes an aspect of a client with a phonological disorder that pertains to phonemic contrasts. A. Meaning distinguishing contrasts have been established. B. The accurate production of sounds is emphasized. C. The contrastive use of phonemes is realized. D. Contrastive phoneme utilities have not been realized if two or more phonemes are characterized by the same production.

D. Contrastive phoneme utilities have not been realized if two or more phonemes are characterized by the same production.

Which of the following is not a general language deficit of children with autism spectrum disorder? A. Inadequate response to speech B. Perseveration on certain words or phrases C. Slow acquisition of speech sound production and language D. Delayed morphosyntactic skills

D. Delayed morphosyntactic skills

The parents of 4-year-old Mariah consult a clinician. They have moved several times since Mariah was born; her father is a construction worker, and her mother works full-time inside the home caring for Mariah and her three siblings. The family has "struggled financially," according to Mariah's mother, Mrs. E. The clinician obtains the following information from Mrs. E. about Mariah's history: Mariah was born with a cleft of the soft palate and "a funny-looking face." Mrs. E. shares that "it was a nightmare to feed Mariah when she was a baby, the milk always came out through her nose." Mrs. E. begins to get angry as she describes the hospital staff in the town where Mariah was born. She states, "They said Mariah had some sort of syndrome and that she might always have special needs. I think that's bunk. Those people were so insensitive. They were just too busy to work with her properly. Mariah will be fine. I know she has had her problems, but I'm going to put her into a Montessori preschool because she is so smart." When the clinician sees Mariah for the first time, she notes that Mariah has a wide nose, small ears, almond-shaped eyes, and an elongated face. In addition, the clinician finds during assessment that Mariah has a significant expressive language delay. Mariah's mother is exemplifying the defense mechanism of: A. Projection B. Reaction formation C. Displacement D. Denial

D. Denial

Peter is a young client who you normally treat for delayed language; however, recently, he has been demonstrating dysfluencies during conversation. A lot of clinicians agree that typically developing children experience a period of dysfluent speech during the preschool years. During therapy, you decide to monitor Peter's speech for the types of dysfluencies he displays. Which of the following is a type of dysfluency that is not typical for a child experiencing normal developmental dysfluencies? A. Whole word repetitions B. Phrase repetitions C. Syllable interjections D. Final word repetitions

D. Final word repetitions

When treating a student with a language disorder, it is important to incorporate all of these principles except what? A. Target language behaviors that create social penalties for children B. Focus on academic and social language C. Select literacy skills when appropriate D. Ignore any inappropriate behavior (e.g., interrupting)

D. Ignore any inappropriate behavior (e.g., interrupting)

The criteria for diagnosing autism in children include which of the following? A. Normal intelligence, normal early language acquisition that begins to deteriorate, and appearance of symptoms after age 6 B. An unusual interest in acquiring nonverbal means of communication, a strong preference for varied environmental arrangements, and a lower than normal prevalence of seizure disorders C. Maternal failure to bond with the child, absence of motor deficits, absence of pragmatic language deficiencies D. Impaired social interaction, stereotypic behaviors and interests, and disturbed communication

D. Impaired social interaction, stereotypic behaviors and interests, and disturbed communication

Which one of the following statements is false? A. Non-iconic symbols are geometric, abstract, and arbitrary and must be specifically taught. B. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is effective. C. A hieroglyphic picture of a house is an iconic symbol indicating the word house. D. In direct selection, the user is offered available messages by a mechanical device or communication partner; the messages are offered sequentially until the AAC user indicates the messages he or she wants to communicate

D. In direct selection, the user is offered available messages by a mechanical device or communication partner; the messages are offered sequentially until the AAC user indicates the messages he or she wants to communicate

What is true about Broca's aphasia? A. Speech is generally meaningless. B. Grammar is typically intact. C. It is never associated with apraxia of speech or dysarthria. D. It is often, though not always, caused by damage to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere.

D. It is often, though not always, caused by damage to the posterior inferior frontal gyrus in the left hemisphere.

A teacher has referred a fifth-grade boy to you for a speech-language assessment. She is concerned because she feels that he is academically "behind his peers." He and his family are refugees from Vietnam, and they have been in the United States for 5 months. Because the boy has been in refugee camps most of his life, his schooling in Vietnam was limited. His parents tell you that they estimate that he has had approximately 2 years of schooling in Vietnam. The teacher is concerned that the boy may have an underlying language impairment, and she wonders if he is eligible for speech-language services. What is the best combination of assessment techniques to use with him? A. Formal, standardized tests in English combined with observations of the boy's interactions, in Vietnamese, with peers and family members B. School records of the boy's achievement and performance so far in the English-speaking classroom plus the Language Processing Test translated into Vietnamese by an interpreter C. A district-developed test for Vietnamese students in your geographic area and administration of questionnaires to the boy's teachers and family D. Language samples in Vietnamese, dynamic assessment, and observations of the boy's interactions with family members and other Vietnamese children

D. Language samples in Vietnamese, dynamic assessment, and observations of the boy's interactions with family members and other Vietnamese children

With regard to human communication, which of the following viewpoints is a rule-based system of language codes for expressing and understanding thoughts, feelings, and ideas? A. Behavioral B. Analytical C. Theoretical D. Linguistic

D. Linguistic

A teacher has referred a second grader, Delanie, to you. As you assess Delanie's language, you see that she has difficulty with word endings, especially. For example, she says things such as "My candy is tasty than yours" instead of "My candy is tastier than yours," or "He was happy than she was" instead of "He was happier than she was." Delanie is having difficulty specifically with which aspect of language? A. Pragmatics B. Semantics C. Syntax D. Morphology

D. Morphology

What type of session should a speech-language pathologist in an educational setting schedule for a pull-out service when addressing motor skills? A. Multiple weeks with less frequent, longer sessions B. Block weeks with more frequent, longer sessions C. Block weeks with less frequent, shorter sessions D. Multiple weeks with more frequent, shorter sessions

D. Multiple weeks with more frequent, shorter sessions

In preparing for feeding and swallowing with a patient with a tracheostomy tube, which of the following is recommended while conducting therapy? A. Have the patient sit in the bed at a 120-degree angle before occluding the patient's tracheostomy. B. Use cervical auscultation to determine if there is any aspiration. C. There is no need to occlude the tracheostomy during and immediately after the swallow, as there is no chance of aspiration. D. Occlude the patient's tracheostomy during and immediately after the swallow, as the exhalatory airflow after the swallow may contribute to clearance of residual food from the top of the airway, reducing the chance of aspiration after the swallow.

D. Occlude the patient's tracheostomy during and immediately after the swallow, as the exhalatory airflow after the swallow may contribute to clearance of residual food from the top of the airway, reducing the chance of aspiration after the swallow.

A clinician who works in a skilled nursing facility has an 82-year-old male patient referred to her. The patient presents with a mask-like face, tremors in his muscles that stop when he moves voluntarily, swallowing problems, imprecise articulation, and difficulty walking. This patient most likely has: A. Alzheimer's disease. B. apraxia of speech. C. dysarthria. D. Parkinson's disease.

D. Parkinson's disease.

Lisa, a 19-year-old college student, was in a car accident and was airlifted to the trauma center at a local hospital. The paramedics at the accident scene had to perform an emergency intubation to permit her to breathe. A week after the accident, Lisa was discharged from the hospital and was breathing normally. A month later, she returned to the hospital complaining of hoarseness and breathiness. The laryngologist performed an evaluation and noticed that a unilateral localized inflammatory vascular lesion had developed on the vocal process of her arytenoid cartilage. The laryngologist believed that the intubation may have caused A. hyperkeratosis. B. leukoplakia. C. hemangioma. D. a granuloma.

D. a granuloma.

Sally just delivered her first baby boy. The pediatrician has noticed that the child was born with his external ear canal completely closed. The doctor explains that the child has A. external otitis. B. otitis media. C. myringotomy. D. aural atresia.

D. aural atresia.

A child has been referred to you for an assessment of his pragmatic skills. The chief complaint of adults and children with whom he interacts is that he frequently gives commands and sounds rude and bossy. His classroom teacher says she is "fed up with his bossiness," and peers do not include him in their games. His father tells you that the boy frequently says things like "Take me to Chuck E. Cheese" or "Get me Mario Cart Wii." The father would like intervention to help his son say things like "I wonder if we could get Mario Cart Wii at the store?" instead of giving orders. In therapy, you know you will need to work on the boy's facility with A. didactic monologues. B. narrative skills. C. indirect requests. D. cohesion.

D. cohesion.

A physician refers a 50-year-old male patient with dementia to you for assessment and treatment. The referring physician suggests the strong possibility of dense intracellular formation in the neuronal cytoplasm and ballooned and inflated neurons. Your assessment reveals that the patient has had a progressive loss of vocabulary, paraphasia, circumlocution, and dominant language problems, with somewhat better preserved memory and orientation. The most likely diagnosis you would make on this patient is A. dementia of the Alzheimer's type. B. dementia associated with Parkinson's disease. C. dementia associated with Huntington's disease. D. frontotemporal dementia associated with Pick's disease.

D. frontotemporal dementia associated with Pick's disease.