AET FINAL

'Stereo mic-ing' employs two microphones, is used to pick up a sense of left and right imaging, and...

Can be used in either close or distant locations

Two identical sound waves that are exactly 180 degrees out-of-phase will:

Cancel

Which type of microphone uses an electric charge and must have a power supply ("phantom power") or a battery in order to operate?

Capacitance (Condensor)

Tiny hair-like projections called ________, transform mechanical vibrations into electrical signals which are sent to the brain.

Cillia

Which of the following stereo microphone techniques create the least amount of phase difference between their outputs?

Coincident Pair ("X-Y")

When sound waves mostly coincide in their compression and rarefaction cycles, they are said to be:

Constructive

A(n) ______is an integrated computer-based hard-disc recording system that combines a host computer with specialized hardware and software

DAW

The tape echo used on early rock recordings is a:

Delay

____________ is the time interval between a sound or signal and its repetition, and can be used to create common effects known as doubling, chorus, and slap back echo.

Delay

Sound can pass through or around physical barriers. This is called:

Diffraction

What microphone technique results in a natural blend of space with the direct sound?

Distant Mic-ing

In general, the most rugged and durable microphones are:

Moving Coil

The control room is where the engineer records, mixes, and listens. The Studio is:

Where the musicians play and sing

Panning is used in a mix to:

create a balanced mix of all the instruments

In general, amplitude processors alter the

dynamic range and volume characteristics of a signal

In the digital recording process, sampling rate represents _______________.

frequency

Lower frequencies have:

longer wavelengths

Reverb on a voice or instrument can:

make the voice or instrument seem further back in the mix

"Sel-Sync" (and before it, 'Sound-on-Sound') is associated with

over-dubbing

. Timbre is determined largely by:

overtones

time based effects include

reverb, delay, modulation

In mixing, automation is used to

save changes in the mix, like volume and panning

The road crew numbers road boxes for PA because

so equipment is loaded in and out of the trucks in order

Reducing an audio file size with data reduction by lowering the sampling rate will also lower (reduce)...

the bandwidth of the recording

The development of magnetic tape recording allowed all of the following EXCEPT:

the first opportunity to record in stereo

What development in recording technology allowed engineers to use more than one microphone?

the mixing console

Harry Nyquist discovered that ...

the sample rate must be at least twice the highest recorded frequency

Which of the following best describes a capacitor or condenser microphone?

two electrically charged metal plates with one fixed and one suspended, allowed to move in response to changing air pressure.

The three-to-one ratio states:

when using multiple microphones, they must be at least three times further away from each other than the sources they are recording.

The industry standard file format for recording and archival is:

WAV

The graphic representation of a sound wave's compression and rarefaction patterns, shown as amplitude and time is called a/an:

Waveform

"Threshold of hearing" is defined as:

0 dB SPL

Hearing loss is:

A medical condition characterized by a reduced functioning in the auditory system.

The ______________ of a loudspeaker is an indication of how it focuses sound at the monitoring position.

Polar Response

The threshold of feeling in the ear is:

120 dB SPL

The bandwidth of human hearing rages from:

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

Which quantization level provides the more accurate waveform measurements?

24 Bit

One octave about 125 Hz is

250 Hz

The standard sampling rate for CD-Audio is __________; and for pro audio & DVD-Video is ____________.

44.1 kHz; 48 kHz

The frequency of A above middle C is:

440 Hz

When comparing the sample rates of 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz, which of the following generalizations is true?

48 kHz will more accurately reproduce the original sound wave than 44.1 kHz

Generally, the most sensitive band (frequencies) of human hearing is between:

5,000 Hz and 10,000 Hz

A 16-bit recording uses approximately __________ voltage intervals (levels) to code amplitude.

65,500

The science of sound that describes how sound behavior of sound in a space is called

Acoustics

A click track is used in the studio to:

All of the Above

Stereophonic sound ('stereo') is the reproduction of sound

All of the Above

'EQ' is the most common form of signal processing, and is used to

All of the above

Close mic-ing

All of the above

Microphone selection and positioning depend upon the

All of the above

Phantom power is:

All of the above

The Front Of House (FOH) engineer mixes for the audience at a concert. The monitor engineer mixes for:

All of the performers- singer and players

The ossicles bones ("hammer/anvil/stirrup"):

Amplify or limit sound pressure and protect the ear from intense pressure

The mechanisms used to locate sound spatially are:

Arrival time, intensity, pinna reflection

The ____________ takes an input signal and...amplifies, balances, processes, combines, and routes it via outputs to a recorder or other device.

Audio Console

The polar pattern of this microphone is:

Bi-Directional and Figure-8

Delivery mediums like the _______________________would not have been possible without the development of digital audio technology.

CD, DVD, and MP3's

Attack + Decay + Sustain + Release (ADSR) =

Envelope

The sensitivity of our hearing in relation to frequency is illustrated in the

Equal-Loudness Principle

Professional analog tape recorders have three magnetic heads, which the tape encounters in the following order during normal operation: the _____head (reduces the average magnetization on the tape to zero), the _____ head (changes electrical energy into magnetic force that magnetizes the tape), and the ______head (changes the magnetic field from the tape back into electrical energy).

Erase; Record; Play

In the studio, a rough mix is created:

For everyone to listen to after a take

From Recording Workshop: Why would an engineer set up a talk-back microphone in the studio?

For the players in the studio to communicate with the control room

"Good Vibrations" by the Beach Boys was recorded on:

Four Tracks

The lowest frequency found in a complex tone, like a note played on a piano, is called the:

Fundamental

The dynamic effect we listened to that cut off the ringing of drums- snare and toms, is:

Gate

Sound Check is when the engineer(s) works with the performers to:

Get the main system and monitors adjusted and sounding good for the audience and the performers

A built-in switch some microphones have to reduce the proximity effect is called a:

High Pass filter

Humans can most accurately locate sources of sound:

In front of them

The ear is considered a transducer because

It converts acoustical energy into electrical energy for the brain to interpret

CD-Audio (Red Book) was introduced to the US and Europe in 1983, and out-paced the sales of ______ by 1988.

LP's

When a compressor is set so that the output signal stays at or below a preset maximum level, it is called a

Limiter

How we perceive amplitude is called

Loudness

The hiding of one sound by another is called

Masking

The time relationship between two sound waves is called

Phase

How we perceive frequency is called

Pitch

An increase in bass frequency response when the source is close to the microphone is called

Proximity Effect

Human perception of sound and our subjective responses to sound waves is called:

Psychoacoustics

The dynamic range and signal-to-noise level of a digital recording system is directionally proportional to the...

Quantization

A device that artificially reproduces the sound characteristics of different acoustic environments is called a

Reverb Unit

The sum of the early reflections and late reflections of a sound inside of a room or space is known as:

Reverberation

________________ includes initial reflections and the decay of those reflections, and we use the terms "wet" and "dry" in describing with and without this effect.

Reverberation

The frequency bandwidth of a digital recording system is directionally proportional to the _______________.

Sample Rate

A single, pure tone that contains no harmonics or overtones is known as a:

Sine wave

begins as a vibration, travels through an elastic medium and loses energy over time

Sound

From Recording Workshop: All vocals and instruments sound best when there is some _____________ for the sound to develop.

Space

We determine the direction of a sound through a process called:

Spatial (binaural) localization

In general, spectrum processors alter the

Spectral balance or timbre of a signal

The organ where sound becomes electrical impulses in the human head is called:

The Cochlea

Our ears can tolerate up to 140 dB SPL, which is considered:

The threshold of pain

This development in recording technology allowed for recording in the studio to become part of the creative process:

The use of signal processing

The "texture", "color", or "quality" of a sound is called its:

Timbre

PTS, or permanent threshold shift, is identified by a ringing, whistling or buzzing sound in the ears even though no loud sounds are present. This is called:

Tinnitus

in the studio, a headphone mix is created

To give the players and singers what they want in their headphones

The microphone and loudspeaker are very similar, in that they both are _____,

Transducers

Which of the following best describes a moving coil microphone?

a coil of wire attached to a receiving mechanism suspended within a magnetic field.

Overdubbing refers to:

adding parts after a song is tracked

Compression is used in a mix to:

all of the above

In the digital recording process, bit depth represents ___________.

amplitude

Digital recording requires capturing two components, which correspond to the...

amplitude and frequency of the sound wave

The DVD is able to store and transfer more information than the CD because ________________.

it has 4x as many 'pits', and uses different technology to retrieve information.

The main elements of mixing are:

levels, panning, EQ