AFRAS 170B Chapter 12

How did formerly enslaved people react to freedom?

All of the above

How did whites react to blacks attempting to establish schools in the South?

All of the answers are correct

Who became president after Abraham Lincoln was assassinated

Andrew Johnson

What purpose did churches not serve for African Americans?

Because it was a very wealthy institution, it often provided loans to its members, helping them through difficult times

What did the Joint Committee on Reconstruction find?

Blacks were being treated very poorly, and Southern whites didn't seem to realize they had lost the war

What was a limitation of the Freedmen's Bureau?

Congress failed to appropriate enough money to it. The Freedmen's Bureau was given huge responsibilities, including education, mediating labor contracts, obtaining land, and settling criminal disputes. There were never enough personnel involved and staff members frequently held racist views of blacks

How did Johnson treat former Confederates

He treated them with extreme leniency. Even many of the high leaders were granted pardons under Johnson

What did the 14th Amendment NOT do?

It explicitly gave Black men the right to vote

What was true about the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

It intended to make black codes illegal

Which effect did the First Reconstruction Act have on black political power?

It stated that all adult males could vote (with few exceptions) and was the culmination of what blacks had been working for

What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

It was designed to help assist the newly freed people in their transition to freedom

How did Johnson becoming president affect blacks?

Johnson felt that blacks should not have a role in government, and were vastly inferior to whites. He destroyed many of their hopes

What was the main feature of many sharecropping agreements?

Most of the time, landowners accepted a share of the crop for rent. Landowners sometimes made requirements about what crops could be planted and raised. Laborers could not quit or strike

What was the first concern of many Black people once they achieved freedom?

Reuniting with lost family members

How did some former enslavers react to the emancipation?

Some were tremendously hurt and surprised when enslaved people chose to run away or leave after freedom

How did white react to black men and women establishing schools in the South?

Sometimes with violence, including killing teachers. Sometimes by burning schools. With verbal opposition, stating that Africans simply could not learn.

What were the terms of Johnson's reconstruction plan?

The Confederate states had to formally accept the Thirteenth Amendment, and repudiate Confederate war debts

What did the black codes include?

They could sue or be sued, testify in court, engage in contracts, and purchase property

How did women suffragists feel about the Fourteenth Amendment?

They felt betrayed and angry, since the Fourteenth Amendment included only men

What types of arguments did blacks use at conventions to try to persuade whites to give them more rights?

They reminded whites that blacks loved America, and were patriotic. They asked for a justice that was blind to color. They asked that whites live by the terms of the Declaration of Independence

Which of the following is true about the importance of education to blacks after Reconstruction?

They saw education and freedom as closely linked and often went to great lengths to form schools and attend them

What do Fisk, Hampton, Tougaloo, and Avery Colleges have in common?

They were black schools established by religious organizations, along with the Freedmen's Bureau, after the Civil War

What happened to Circular 13 and Special Field Order #15?

They were both revoked. Land that had been given to blacks was returned to white owners

What were some limitations of Black Teachers in the South?

They were often poorly educated themselves

Why did the Freedmen's Bureau try to get blacks to sign labor contracts with white laborers?

They were pressing for economic stability in the area, which needed labor to produce crops

What was the problem with labor contracts for many blacks?

They were rarely done voluntarily, or on an equal basis. Blacks ended up at about the same station as during slavery

Why did many blacks meet in conventions in 1865 and 1866 across the South?

To protest the black codes, and respectfully ask that whites live up to the ideals of America

Why was there so much violence in the South after Reconstruction?

White Southerners were frustrated by their loss during the Civil War and resented Black people acquiring freedom and status