AgComm 3130 Midterm 1

Repetition

A key word or phrase used several times for emphasis

Race

A person's ____ is his or her biological heritage, such as caucasian, african-american, or hispanic

Progressive disclosure

A strategy for managing information complexity in which only necessary or requested information is displayed at any given time.

Pronunciation

Accepted standard of sound and rhythm for a word

Inflection

Adds luster, warmth, vitality to voice, can completely change the meaning of a sentence

Pathos

Appeal to emotion, tap audience values, using vivid, emotionally toned examples

Evaluation Criteria

Authority, accuracy, objectivity, currency, coverage/usability

Vocal quality

Characteristics that distinguishes your voice from other voices

Inferential Statistics

Data collected from a sample and generalized to a larger population

Descriptive Statistics

Data or information that characterize a group

Problem-Solution Order

Explains the existence and seriousness of a problem, offers a workable solution to the problem, most often used in persuasive speeches

Testimony

Firsthand findings or eyewitness accounts and opinions that directly support a fact or an assertion

pitch

Highness or lowness of a speaker's voice

Occasion Analysis

How large is the audience, the time limit, whats in the room, analysis of situation

Volume

How loudly or softly you speak, MUST ADAPT TO THE SIZE OF THE ROOM

Culture

Learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms shared by a group of people

Chronological Order

Main points follow a time pattern, used when explaining a process or demonstration, good for informative speeches

Cause and Effect Order

Main points show a cause and effect relationship, order can vary forwards or backwards, good for persuasive or informative speeches

Ethos

Means ethics or standards, relies on credibility and time

Logos

Means logic, your factual presentation, show statistics, testimonies, hard facts

Entertaining Speech

Most enjoyable for audience, not just a series of jokes, speech used to entertain an audience

Eye Contact

Most important aspect of body language, creates bond with the audience

Drama Builders

Omission, Inversion, Suspension

Cadence Builders

Parallelism, antithesis, repetition, alliteration

WOW Factor

Part of speech where audience becomes completely quiet

Suspension

Place a key word at the end of a phrase or sentence instead of the beginning

Articulation

Process of forming sounds necessary to communicate in a particular language

Ethnicity

Refers to that portion of a person's cultural background that relates to a national or religious heritage

Inversion

Reverse the expected order of words and phrases

Transitions

Sentences, phrases, or words that connect the parts of your speech by showing how they relate to each other

Memorized Delivery

Speaker's goal is total control, canned delivery, lose ability to be spontaneous

Introductory Speech

Speech that excites interest in subject (and person), is brief, sets the right mood, etc.

Impromptu delivery

Spur of the moment, often has weak content, repeated phrases

Topophobia

Stage fright

90 seconds

The first ________ (time) are the most important of any speech

Purpose of Public Speaking

To persuade, inform, entertain

Alliteration

Use the same initial consonant sound several times in a phrase or sentence

Dialect

Variety of language distinguished by accent, grammar, vocabulary

Topical Order

When dividing topics into subtopics, most often used order, good for informative and persuasive speeches

Antithesis

When one part of a sentence opposes or contracts with the other

Informative Speaking

Widely used, simplest, speech to inform, instruct, describe, explain, or demonstrate

Initial Credibility

Your image or reputation prior to speaking to a group

Questions of Fact

a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion

Questions of Value

a question about the worth, rightness, morality, of an idea or action

Questions of Policy

a question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

Omission

boil an idea down to its essence by leaving out understood words

Vocal Variety

changes in pitch, rate, volume

Glossophobia

fear of public speaking

Derived Credibility

image the audience develops from your words, vocal qualities, and nonverbal behaviors as you speak

Terminal Credibility

image the audience has of you after your speech

Social Phobia

intense fear of becoming humiliated in social situations, specifically of embarassing yourself in front of others

K.I.S.S.

keep it simple stupid

Extemporaneous Delivery

mixture of manuscript, impromptu, and memorized delivery, should be used, most effective

Pauses

momentary break

Lay Testimony

non-experts who have witnessed events related to the subject

Statistics

presentation of data in numerical form

Expert Testimony

professionals trained to evaluate/report on a given topic

Manuscript delivery

read word for word, lose eye contact, monotone voice, used rarely

Anecdote

short story of an interesting, humorous, or real-life incident

Ethnocentrism

something to avoid, a belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

Persuasive Speaking

speech to take one side of a controversial issue, to persuade others

Rate

speed at which the speech is delivered

Narratives

stories, bot real and fiction, includes a plot, characters, setting, and timeline

Primary-Recency Effect

the fact that we are better able to recall information presented at the beginning and end of a list, use your best arguments first and last

Goal of Persuasive Speaking

to change the way the audience feels and/or acts about something

Parallelism

use the same pattern to begin several sentences or phrases