Aging and Its Effects on the CP System
Elastic recoil
Ability of lungs to return to their original shape after inhalation
Kidney function
Ability of the kidneys to perform their functions
Liver function
Ability of the liver to perform its functions
Murmurs
Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent blood flow
Heart murmurs
Abnormal sounds heard during the heartbeat
Falls
Accidental loss of balance resulting in a person coming to rest on the ground or another lower level
Daily living habits
Activities and behaviors that impact aging
AC membrane
Alveolar-capillary membrane where gas exchange occurs
FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second)
Amount of air exhaled during the first second of a forced expiration
RV (Residual Volume)
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
FRC (Functional Residual Capacity)
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation
Hemoglobin concentration
Amount of hemoglobin in the blood
Dosages
Amounts of medication to be taken
AP diameter
Anteroposterior diameter of the chest
Unusual presentation
Atypical manifestation of a condition or illness
FEF25-75 (Forced Expiratory Flow 25-75%)
Average speed of air exhaled during the middle half of a forced expiration
ADL (Activities of Daily Living)
Basic self-care tasks, such as bathing and dressing
HCO3
Bicarbonate ion, important in maintaining acid-base balance
GI bleed
Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract
Pulmonary blood flow
Blood flow through the blood vessels in the lungs
Peripheral vessels
Blood vessels outside the heart and lungs
Immune system
Body's defense system against infections and diseases
Lung cancer
Cancerous growth in the lungs
CV system
Cardiovascular system, including the heart and blood vessels
LV (Left Ventricle)
Chamber of the heart responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body
Cataracts
Clouding of the lens of the eye
Ischemic heart disease
Condition caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
Anemia
Condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin
CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)
Condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs
Hearing loss
Decreased ability to hear
Vision loss
Decreased ability to see
Macular degeneration
Degeneration of the central part of the retina
Appetite
Desire to eat
P(A-a)O2
Difference in oxygen partial pressure between the alveoli and arterial blood
SOB (Shortness of Breath)
Difficulty breathing
Heart disease
Disease affecting the heart
Pulmonary disease
Disease affecting the lungs
Lung compliance
Ease with which lungs can expand and contract
Chest compliance
Ease with which the chest can expand and contract
Pulmonary gas exchange
Exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs
Cough
Expulsion of air from the lungs to clear the airways
S3 (Third Heart Sound)
Extra heart sound heard during diastole
S4 (Fourth Heart Sound)
Extra heart sound heard during late diastole
Fatigue
Extreme tiredness
Glaucoma
Eye condition characterized by increased pressure in the eye
Dizziness
Feeling lightheaded or unsteady
Cartilage
Flexible connective tissue found between ribs
Fibrosis
Formation of excess fibrous connective tissue
HTN (Hypertension)
High blood pressure
Alveolar thickening
Increase in the thickness of the alveolar walls
Lung infection
Infection affecting the lungs
Pneumonia
Inflammation of the lungs caused by infection
Genetics
Inherited traits that influence aging
Infection
Invasion of the body by harmful microorganisms
Weakness
Lack of physical strength
Emphysema
Lung condition characterized by the enlargement of alveoli
FVC (Forced Vital Capacity)
Maximum amount of air forcefully exhaled after a maximum inhalation
MVV (Maximal Voluntary Ventilation)
Maximum amount of air that can be breathed in and out in one minute
VC (Vital Capacity)
Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation
IC (Inspiratory Capacity)
Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation
TLC (Total Lung Capacity)
Maximum amount of air the lungs can hold
Max HR (Maximum Heart Rate)
Maximum number of times the heart can beat in one minute
PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate)
Maximum speed of air exhaled during a forced expiration
pH
Measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution
DLCO (Diffusing Capacity of Carbon Monoxide)
Measure of the ability of the lungs to transfer gases
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas)
Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in arterial blood
Lung volumes
Measurements of the amount of air in the lungs
Iron
Mineral necessary for the production of hemoglobin
VQ mismatch
Mismatch between ventilation and perfusion in the lungs
Flow
Movement of air in the respiratory system
Ciliary activity
Movement of tiny hair-like structures in the respiratory tract
Neurons
Nerve cells responsible for transmitting information
HR (Heart Rate)
Number of times the heart beats per minute
Elderly patients
Older individuals receiving medical care
PCO2
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
PaCO2
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
PaO2
Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
Exercise
Physical activity
SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure)
Pressure in the arteries when the heart beats
Written materials
Printed or written documents
Interviewing
Process of gathering information through conversation
Aging
Process of getting older and experiencing changes
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
Progressive lung disease that obstructs airflow
FEV1/FVC ratio
Proportion of FEV1 to FVC, used to assess lung function
Tachycardia
Rapid heart rate
Control of ventilation
Regulation of breathing
Lungs
Respiratory organs responsible for breathing
Chemoreceptors
Sensors that detect changes in chemical composition
Heart sounds
Sounds produced by the heart during the cardiac cycle
Confusion
State of being disoriented or unable to think clearly
Symptoms
Subjective indications of a disease or condition
Medications
Substances used to treat or prevent diseases
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
Red bone marrow
Tissue responsible for producing blood cells
Mitral valve
Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic valve
Valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
Tricuspid valve
Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
Pulmonic valve
Valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Deadspace ventilation
Ventilation of air that does not participate in gas exchange
B12 vitamin
Vitamin necessary for the production of red blood cells
CO (Cardiac Output)
Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Cardiac output
Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute
SV (Stroke Volume)
Volume of blood pumped by the heart with each beat
