AGRI 1315 Final Review
Which 2 agencies control the use of any CIDE?
*(USDA) United States Department of Agriculture *(TDA) Texas Department of Agriculture
3 signal words and give their toxicity amounts
*Caution: teaspoon to 102 *Warning: greater than a tablespoon *Danger: taste to teaspoon
Identify the branches of a tree and a function: (3)
*Crown: top of the tree *Leaves: food factory for tree *Trunk: supports the tree
Explain the IPM process and why it is used (2)
*Integrated Pest Management *Goal is to lower the number of pest so they wont hurt economic numbers. they monitor and inspect pest numbers
What is the purpose of a surfactant and why is it better than soap? (2)
*It reduces surface area tension of fluid *Not made insoluble, and are highly ionic unlike soap
How is the toxicity of LD 50 or LC 50 explained?
*LD 50: lethal dose *LC 50: lethal concentration
When insecticides are sold, customers are told to read the label, why? (2)
*To be aware of the hazards *Background knowledge
Name 4 things that can be done to increase energy conservation:
*adding trees for shade *wind breaks *rain water barrels *irrigation system
Advantages of organic matter in soils are: (3)
*aeration and drainage *nutrient holding ability *promotes better plant growth and CEC
Soil is made up of _____ (3)
*air *water *minerals
What is required for a virus to infect a host? (6)
*attachment *penetration *uncoating *replication *assemble *release
What are signs of a new soil layer?
*change in color *more dense *less rooting
Why does mulch benefit a garden? (3)
*controls weeds *conserves moisture *saves labor
Crop rotation benefits a garden in what ways?(3)
*reduces weed seed *helps control disease *reduces insects
What are four ways to install a new lawn?
*seeding *plugging *sodding *transplanting
Factors for selection of a fruit tree for a given area: (4)
*temperature zone *soil condition and type *amount of sunlight *drainage
Planting a garden in block formation helps improve?(2)
*uniformity of the plants *germination
4 stages of plant life:
1. Germination 2. Juvenility 3. Maturity 4. Senescence
What are the soil profiles, and their depths?
1. Ground Surface - What we see 2. 'A Horizon' Topsoil - 6-12in 3. 'B Horizon' Subsoil - 12-36in 4. 'C Horizon' Parent Material - 1m 5. 'D' Bedrock
One adult pair of rats can produce _____ offspring
20 million
How many flowering plants are there?
258, 650
How many plants are known to exist?
350,000
Cool season plants range in temperatures from?
50-65
What pH would be a neutral soil?
6.5-7
Warm season plants temperature range from?
65-90
If you live in an area with cool summers what type of tomato should you grow?
75 day tomato
What pH would constitute an acidic soil?
<6.5
What pH would indicate a soil with too much alkalinity?
>7
Most root growth takes place in what horizon?
A
The soil layer ____ is most permeable to air and water
A
Plow pan is located between what horizons?
A & B
Sunlight is best given to a tree by what shape?
An inverted umbrella shape
What is compost made from?
Any material that was once a living thing that will decompose into the soil
Where and what is the "Area of Burden" ?
Area under 'Directions for use'. Defines the correct usage of the product, and violations
Buds
Cite of a new leaf, or stem
Damping off is a fungal disease that causes rapid death. What causes it?
Cold damp temperatures as seedlings emerge
The vegetative propagation's most widely used method is?
Cuttings
Scion
Desirable part of rootstock
Planting in the prepared garden area is?
Direct seeding
Types of Fruit:
Drupe, Pome, Berry, and Achene
Pomology
Fruit production
Nitrogen dificiency
General yellowing of older leaves; the plant is light green
Monoecious Plants
Have both male, and female parts on the same plant
Dioecious Plants
Have male, and female parts on separate plants
Sterile Plants
Have neither male, or female parts
CEC is highest in what type of soil?
High organic and clay soils
Called parent material:
Horizon C
Usually, only a tap root penetrates this horizon:
Horizon C
Cultivar
Human made or maintained
What defines private area in landscape?
If it is fenced in or not having a public access. E.x.: backyards, patio, bbq pit, dining area.
What element is most prevalent in acid soils?
Iron
Macro nutrients are needed in:
Large quantities
Phosphorus deficiency
Leaf tips look burnt and older leaves trn reddish purple
What would be the effect of giving Nitrogen to a plant?
Leafy growth
What are 3 common cool season vegetables?
Lettuce, Cabbage, and Brussel sprouts
What is the best source of vegetable guide for your area?
Local Ag. extension office
Angiosperms
Majority of cultivated plants
What stage must a plant be in order for sexual reproduction to take place?
Maturity
What is re-entry time?
Minimum amount of time before people, and animals can go back onto the applied area without causing harm.
Translocation
Movement of carbs., minerals, and water through plants
Universal arrangement of fertilizer nutrients is:
N-P-K
Needs and site analysis go hand in hand. List 3 needs and 4 areas for the site that determines how one will follow a landscape plan:
Needs: shade, water, what owner wants Area: soil type, estimate of cost for form, slope of land, and which way the house faces
Osmosis
Negative pressure that causes water to move through plant
Calcium deficiency
New leaves are distorted or irregularly shaped; blossom end rotting
Element used for above ground green abundant growth:
Nitrogen
Most trees require which element for fertilizer?
Nitrogen
List the order and class of a: *beatle *butterfly *paper wasp *fly *flea
ORDER - CLASS *colcoptera; complete *Lepidoptera; complete *hyminophern; complete *diptera; complete *siphonuptera; complete
Magnesium deficiency
Older leaves turn yellow at the edge of leaves
Fertilizing a tree is best done by placing the fertilizer where?
On the drip line
Botanical Nomenclature
Orderly classification of naming plants
Adding _____ _____ to sand creates a higher cation exchange
Organic matter
Margin
Outside edge of a leaf
Element needed for flower and fruit production:
Phosphorous
What element is most stable in soil?
Phosphorous
Element that can be used to raise pH:
Potassium
Element used for starch and sugar development including roots and protein:
Potassium
pH
Potential Hydrogen
Parthonegenis
Reproduction without anything around or any help
Why is the graft union above ground level?
So animals can't harm it, and it is easy to access.
What side of a house is best to plant a garden?
South side
Dig a ___ hole for transplanting trees
Square
Element that can reduce pH:
Sulfur
What is withdrawal time?
The amount of time since last application
Describe a mulching mower
The grass clippings left behind by a mulching mower serve as a lawn fertilizer as if you were applying compost to the lawn
A mature tree in the yard has no grass growing underneath, why?
The grass is not getting sunlight, because of the tree's shade
What is re-entry interval and why is it so important?
The minimum amount of time between application, and when one can go back on area without PPE. It is important so you do not get harmed by chemicals
What part of the insect has the largest variation?
The mouth
Taxonomy
The naming of plants
Antamology
The study of insects
Why is orientation of the cutting so critical?
The top must be pointed upward so it will grow correctly
Vegetable and fruit grown in a garden taste better because?
They are picked when ripe
Leaf Apex
Tip of a leaf
Irrigation of vegetables is best applied?
To the soil by the roots
Olericulture
Vegetable production
Seeds that come up on their own are called?
Volunteer
Stomata
Where transpiration, and respiration takes place
Trophotic
Will only grow direction it is designed to go
Palm fruit=
apple or pear
What soil will attract and hold nutrients and water
clay soil
Complete Metamorphosis Life Cycle
egg - larvae - pupae - adult
Gradual Metamorphosis Life Cycle
egg-hymphestic
How often should you water a newly planted tree?
every 2 weeks
How do we determine how many insects may be present in a particular crop? what method does one use to determine treatment? (4)
insect sampling by sweeping rows of certain crops. *to detect species *determine population *how they are distributed in field
What happens when you pick fruit when it is colder?
it is sweeter
Characteristic of sandy soil:
large pore space small surface area
Garden row direction should run?
north to south
Why can sweet cherries not grow well in Texas?
not enough chill time
Characteristic of clay soil:
small pore space large surface area
T/F: A soil that has sand, silt, and clay could classify as a loam
true