AGRI 1315 Final Review

Which 2 agencies control the use of any CIDE?

*(USDA) United States Department of Agriculture *(TDA) Texas Department of Agriculture

3 signal words and give their toxicity amounts

*Caution: teaspoon to 102 *Warning: greater than a tablespoon *Danger: taste to teaspoon

Identify the branches of a tree and a function: (3)

*Crown: top of the tree *Leaves: food factory for tree *Trunk: supports the tree

Explain the IPM process and why it is used (2)

*Integrated Pest Management *Goal is to lower the number of pest so they wont hurt economic numbers. they monitor and inspect pest numbers

What is the purpose of a surfactant and why is it better than soap? (2)

*It reduces surface area tension of fluid *Not made insoluble, and are highly ionic unlike soap

How is the toxicity of LD 50 or LC 50 explained?

*LD 50: lethal dose *LC 50: lethal concentration

When insecticides are sold, customers are told to read the label, why? (2)

*To be aware of the hazards *Background knowledge

Name 4 things that can be done to increase energy conservation:

*adding trees for shade *wind breaks *rain water barrels *irrigation system

Advantages of organic matter in soils are: (3)

*aeration and drainage *nutrient holding ability *promotes better plant growth and CEC

Soil is made up of _____ (3)

*air *water *minerals

What is required for a virus to infect a host? (6)

*attachment *penetration *uncoating *replication *assemble *release

What are signs of a new soil layer?

*change in color *more dense *less rooting

Why does mulch benefit a garden? (3)

*controls weeds *conserves moisture *saves labor

Crop rotation benefits a garden in what ways?(3)

*reduces weed seed *helps control disease *reduces insects

What are four ways to install a new lawn?

*seeding *plugging *sodding *transplanting

Factors for selection of a fruit tree for a given area: (4)

*temperature zone *soil condition and type *amount of sunlight *drainage

Planting a garden in block formation helps improve?(2)

*uniformity of the plants *germination

4 stages of plant life:

1. Germination 2. Juvenility 3. Maturity 4. Senescence

What are the soil profiles, and their depths?

1. Ground Surface - What we see 2. 'A Horizon' Topsoil - 6-12in 3. 'B Horizon' Subsoil - 12-36in 4. 'C Horizon' Parent Material - 1m 5. 'D' Bedrock

One adult pair of rats can produce _____ offspring

20 million

How many flowering plants are there?

258, 650

How many plants are known to exist?

350,000

Cool season plants range in temperatures from?

50-65

What pH would be a neutral soil?

6.5-7

Warm season plants temperature range from?

65-90

If you live in an area with cool summers what type of tomato should you grow?

75 day tomato

What pH would constitute an acidic soil?

<6.5

What pH would indicate a soil with too much alkalinity?

>7

Most root growth takes place in what horizon?

A

The soil layer ____ is most permeable to air and water

A

Plow pan is located between what horizons?

A & B

Sunlight is best given to a tree by what shape?

An inverted umbrella shape

What is compost made from?

Any material that was once a living thing that will decompose into the soil

Where and what is the "Area of Burden" ?

Area under 'Directions for use'. Defines the correct usage of the product, and violations

Buds

Cite of a new leaf, or stem

Damping off is a fungal disease that causes rapid death. What causes it?

Cold damp temperatures as seedlings emerge

The vegetative propagation's most widely used method is?

Cuttings

Scion

Desirable part of rootstock

Planting in the prepared garden area is?

Direct seeding

Types of Fruit:

Drupe, Pome, Berry, and Achene

Pomology

Fruit production

Nitrogen dificiency

General yellowing of older leaves; the plant is light green

Monoecious Plants

Have both male, and female parts on the same plant

Dioecious Plants

Have male, and female parts on separate plants

Sterile Plants

Have neither male, or female parts

CEC is highest in what type of soil?

High organic and clay soils

Called parent material:

Horizon C

Usually, only a tap root penetrates this horizon:

Horizon C

Cultivar

Human made or maintained

What defines private area in landscape?

If it is fenced in or not having a public access. E.x.: backyards, patio, bbq pit, dining area.

What element is most prevalent in acid soils?

Iron

Macro nutrients are needed in:

Large quantities

Phosphorus deficiency

Leaf tips look burnt and older leaves trn reddish purple

What would be the effect of giving Nitrogen to a plant?

Leafy growth

What are 3 common cool season vegetables?

Lettuce, Cabbage, and Brussel sprouts

What is the best source of vegetable guide for your area?

Local Ag. extension office

Angiosperms

Majority of cultivated plants

What stage must a plant be in order for sexual reproduction to take place?

Maturity

What is re-entry time?

Minimum amount of time before people, and animals can go back onto the applied area without causing harm.

Translocation

Movement of carbs., minerals, and water through plants

Universal arrangement of fertilizer nutrients is:

N-P-K

Needs and site analysis go hand in hand. List 3 needs and 4 areas for the site that determines how one will follow a landscape plan:

Needs: shade, water, what owner wants Area: soil type, estimate of cost for form, slope of land, and which way the house faces

Osmosis

Negative pressure that causes water to move through plant

Calcium deficiency

New leaves are distorted or irregularly shaped; blossom end rotting

Element used for above ground green abundant growth:

Nitrogen

Most trees require which element for fertilizer?

Nitrogen

List the order and class of a: *beatle *butterfly *paper wasp *fly *flea

ORDER - CLASS *colcoptera; complete *Lepidoptera; complete *hyminophern; complete *diptera; complete *siphonuptera; complete

Magnesium deficiency

Older leaves turn yellow at the edge of leaves

Fertilizing a tree is best done by placing the fertilizer where?

On the drip line

Botanical Nomenclature

Orderly classification of naming plants

Adding _____ _____ to sand creates a higher cation exchange

Organic matter

Margin

Outside edge of a leaf

Element needed for flower and fruit production:

Phosphorous

What element is most stable in soil?

Phosphorous

Element that can be used to raise pH:

Potassium

Element used for starch and sugar development including roots and protein:

Potassium

pH

Potential Hydrogen

Parthonegenis

Reproduction without anything around or any help

Why is the graft union above ground level?

So animals can't harm it, and it is easy to access.

What side of a house is best to plant a garden?

South side

Dig a ___ hole for transplanting trees

Square

Element that can reduce pH:

Sulfur

What is withdrawal time?

The amount of time since last application

Describe a mulching mower

The grass clippings left behind by a mulching mower serve as a lawn fertilizer as if you were applying compost to the lawn

A mature tree in the yard has no grass growing underneath, why?

The grass is not getting sunlight, because of the tree's shade

What is re-entry interval and why is it so important?

The minimum amount of time between application, and when one can go back on area without PPE. It is important so you do not get harmed by chemicals

What part of the insect has the largest variation?

The mouth

Taxonomy

The naming of plants

Antamology

The study of insects

Why is orientation of the cutting so critical?

The top must be pointed upward so it will grow correctly

Vegetable and fruit grown in a garden taste better because?

They are picked when ripe

Leaf Apex

Tip of a leaf

Irrigation of vegetables is best applied?

To the soil by the roots

Olericulture

Vegetable production

Seeds that come up on their own are called?

Volunteer

Stomata

Where transpiration, and respiration takes place

Trophotic

Will only grow direction it is designed to go

Palm fruit=

apple or pear

What soil will attract and hold nutrients and water

clay soil

Complete Metamorphosis Life Cycle

egg - larvae - pupae - adult

Gradual Metamorphosis Life Cycle

egg-hymphestic

How often should you water a newly planted tree?

every 2 weeks

How do we determine how many insects may be present in a particular crop? what method does one use to determine treatment? (4)

insect sampling by sweeping rows of certain crops. *to detect species *determine population *how they are distributed in field

What happens when you pick fruit when it is colder?

it is sweeter

Characteristic of sandy soil:

large pore space small surface area

Garden row direction should run?

north to south

Why can sweet cherries not grow well in Texas?

not enough chill time

Characteristic of clay soil:

small pore space large surface area

T/F: A soil that has sand, silt, and clay could classify as a loam

true