Alimentary Canal Exam

The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the:

cardiac antrum

The esophagus joins the stomach through an opening called the:

cardiac orifice

A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed:

cholangiography

The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:

duodenojejunal flexure

One of the most important technical considerations in gastrointestinal radiography is:

elimination of motion

The general term used to describe the surgical procedure of forming an artificial opening to the intestine for the passage of fecal material is:

enterostomy

Which of the following best describes the administration of barium for an esophagram being performed for esophageal varices?

exhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out

The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the large intestine is _______ degrees.

35 to 45

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?

35-40 degrees

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the large intestine is _______ degrees.

35-45

The stomach wall is composed of how many layers?

4

How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?

40-70 degrees

A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum can be performed using a 10 x 12 inch IR. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid of this projection?

A Sagittarius plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen

For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?

Hypersthenic

What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?

expiration

The wall of the colon is composed of how many layers?

four

Which drug may be given to the patient before a double contrast examination of the stomach to relax the GI tract?

glucagon

The opening inside the duodenum where the pancreatic enzymes and bile enter is called the:

greater duodenal papilla

The large intestine is made up of a series of pouches called the:

haustra

The common bile duct and the pancreatic duct usually unite to form the:

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Where is the IR centered for all decubitus projections of the large intestine?

iliac crests

The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the:

pyloric sphincter

What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series of the esophagus?

recumbent

The central ray angulation for the AP axial projection of the large intestine is:

30-40 degrees cephalad

The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique stomach radiograph ranges from:

30-60 degrees

During an operative cholangiogram, the surgeon injects the contrast medium directly into the biliary system. Which of the following projections are typically done during this procedure in surgery?

1. AP 2. AP oblique, RPO

The first small intestine image is taken how many minutes after the patient drinks barium?

15 minutes

How far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?

18-24 inches

What is the length of the average adult small intestine?

22 feet

What is the central ray angulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?

30-40 degrees caudad

At which plane is the central ray positioned for the PA oblique projections of the large intestine?

A longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side.

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure?

AP Oblique LPO PA Oblique RAO

For which projection of the stomach would a positioning sponge be used?

AP oblique

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?

AP oblique, LPO

Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?

AP, Trendelenburg's position

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and the medial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air?

AP, left lateral decubitus

Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the lateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?

AP, right lateral decubitus

At what level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the rectosigmoid area?

ASIS

The patient "prep" for a morning stomach exam is food and fluid are withheld:

After midnight

The patient prep for a small intestine exam is good and fluid withheld:

After the evening meal and no breakfast

For which type of body habitus is the large intestine bunched together and positioned very low in the abdomen?

Asthenic

The most common contrast media used for radiologic exams of the gastrointestinal tract is:

Barium sulfate

The pouch like portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the:

Cecum

The wall of the esophagus is composed of how many layers of tissue?

Four

The wall of the stomach is composed of how many coats?

Four

At which level is the IR centered for a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum?

L1-L2

At which level is the IR centered for a AP or PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum?

L1/L2

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the posterior portion of the colon?

Lateral, central decubitus

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?

PA oblique LAO and AP oblique RPO

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure?

PA oblique, LAO

Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?

PA oblique, RAO

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?

PA oblique, RAO

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?

PA oblique, RAO

The entire colon is best demonstrated in which projection?

PA or AP

What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the esophagus?

PA, RAO

The folds of the thick lining of the stomach are termed the:

Rugae

In which position should the patient be placed to insert the enema tip for barium enema?

Sims

A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum is often performed using a 14 x 17 inch IR. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection?

The midsagittal plane

The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?

Three

Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?

lateral

Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the lateral projection of the esophagus?

midcoronal plane

How far is the enema tip inserted into the rectum for a colon examination?

no more than 4 inches

The opening between the stomach and small intestine is termed the pyloric:

orifice

The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents toward the rectum are called:

peristalsis

The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:

right colic flexure

Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?

right hypochondrium and epigastrium

The PA projection of the stomach best demonstrates the:

stomach contour and duodenal bulb

For all projections of the esophagus, the top of the IR is positioned at:

the level of the mouth