All 4 Sections of POLS 305
When dark money pays for issue advocacy ads these individuals or groups must avoid certain words and phrases in their advertisements. Which of the following IS NOT a word or phrase that has to be avoided?
"choose"
According to research reported in class, which of the following electoral institutional arrangements had the largest effect on minor party voting in the American states?
% of major party candidates missing from the ballot
Which form of judicial selection used in the American states is MOST similar to how federal judges and justices are chosen?
Gubernatorial Appointment
Which of the following terms is NOT associated with the phenomenon of "dark money" spent in modern day election campaigns?
Hard money contributions
What argument did Van Buren make to help establish the constitutionality of political parties?
He argued that party competition complemented the checks and balances (or proceduralism) found in the Constitution.
In which state's legislature is there a demographic overrepresentation of women?
Nevada
Which of the following American states has not banned fusion practices or the ability of a candidate to represent more than one political party on the ballot?
New York
In the aftermath of the Supreme Court ruling in Shelby County v. Holder, what three states quickly began to require photo identification in order to vote?
North Carolina, Alabama, and Wisconsin
We discussed, in class, four functions of political parties in democracies. Which of these functions is being realized when political parties help to legitimize opposition to the incumbent's party?
Organizing Elections
Which of the following lists contains states that all had some sort of "first" as it relates to the history of party primaries? Note: all of the "firsts" this question is referring to occurred over 100 years ago.
PA, WI, FL and MN
Considering the functions of political parties, the fact that the majority leader of the Senate is in charge, even though the Constitution does not specify this should be the case, we can see this as evidence of which of the following functions?
Parties are used to organize the government.
We discussed four phases as it relates to the role of money in election campaigns, in which phase did we learn that "treating," or giving gifts to potential supporters, was first used?
Phase 1
We discussed four phases as it relates to the role of money in election campaigns, in which phase did we learn that stump speeches and band wagons were first used?
Phase 2
What was the purpose of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act before the Supreme Court eliminated it in Shelby v. Holder?
Prevent voter discrimination
When the Democrats and Republicans vote in presidential primaries they are deciding who to send (which delegates) to the national party conventions? Which of the following election rules would be most likely to result in a brokered convention?
Proportional rule
If you are a member of the National Rifle Association (NRA) and you regularly attend their conventions and vote according to the views of the NRA leadership, which theory of voting behavior does the best job of explaining your votes?
Psychological Theory
What tool do political science scholars most commonly use to measure party identification in the electorate?
Results from the American National Election Study conducted every two years.
Which election practice or institutional arrangement do ballot flexible parties favor?
Second-ballot majority systems
Considering both "raiding" and the type of party primary most preferred by party organizations, which of the following statements is most obviously TRUE?
Semi-closed primaries are preferred by party organizations and open primaries create the most obvious opportunity for raiding.
What region of the United States has had the weakest electoral performance?
South
Which of the following statements IS TRUE as it relates developments regarding political parties since the 1950s?
Southerner support for the Republican Party has grown from less than 10% to over 60%.
Considering party identification, which of the following identites was most common in the POLS 305 class at Northern Illinois University taught in the spring semester of 2022?
Strong democrat
Which of the following is most likely the first political party organization (according to D.W. Jaenicke) and in what state was it established?
The Albany Regency in New York
Which of the following statements IS TRUE as it relates to the Black Rule of voting?
The Black Rule makes use of both Condorcet and Borda Count voting procedures.
There are many different opinions regarding the origin of political parties. Which of the following pairings did the professor argue for?
The Federalists and the Jeffersonians
Which of the following statements is TRUE as it relates to the two major political parties in the US and their advocacy for states' rights?
The GOP and the DEMS have gone back and forth in terms of which party supports states' rights.
According to research, which of the following statements IS TRUE as it relates to the role political parties play in the underrepresentation of minorites and women in elected office in the US?
The Republican Party is less likely to support female candidates than the Democratic Party.
Which of the following events most clearly shaped and/or defined the modern partisan alignment?
The South turned Republican.
What is the official name of the country that founded parliamentray style democracy?
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Which of the following IS NOT an example of a confederation?
The United States from 1776 to 1780
Which of the following political parties is most closely aligned with a classic conservative philosophical position?
populists
Research shows that "credit claiming" is part of successful congressional campaign strategies. Which of the following terms is most closed related to credit claiming?
pork barrel or "bring home the bacon"
Which of the following does NOT make voter registration more convenient?
postal voting
What are subunit governing districts in Japan called?
prefectures
Why is keeping some people off the ballot a good idea?
Voters would have a harder time distinguishing serious from frivolous candidates.
Who delivered the "Cross of Gold" speech and what was one of the points the speaker was trying to make?
William Jennings Bryan and the political importance of agricultural interests.
We know that proportional representation electoral systems produce multi-partyism and the need for coalition governments. Which of the following type of minor/third would be most likely to be part of a ruling coalition?
a centrist party
Which of the following terms is used to describe the group of GOP members in the House of Representatives?
a conference
What type or category of minor/third party is the Scottish Nationalist Party in the United Kingdom?
a detached party
Which of the following IS an issue positon where the DEMs have been somewhat consistent throughout their storied history?
a more open door to new immigrants
Which of the following terms is most closely related to the concept of a "nation," as discussed in class?
a people
What term is used to describe a political party's position on a particular issue as outlined in the party manifesto or party platform?
a plank
We know that the US uses a federal political arrangement and the US is the first country in the world to use a federal political arrangement. Since the US adopted a federal political arrangement in 1788, about how many other countries have adopted federalism?
about 30
Over the past half century, which of the following groups was the least-predictable supporter of the Democratic Party?
catholics
Which of the following statements is MOST ACCURATE as an explanation for how the political parties became more polarized in the 1980s and 1990s?
changes in Southern electoral politics and the Republican Party taking on a social policy agenda
Which of the following IS NOT a function typically performed by state party organizations?
choosing local party organizational leaders
Which of the following electoral institutional arrangements was NOT found to influence minor party voting in the American states?
closed party primaries
Which of the following words or phrases WAS NOT used, in lecture, to describe national party organizations, today?
cooperative
What type of snake was used to describe one of the political parties, which ran a candidate for president in the 1864 presidential election?
copper head
Who is most likely to develop election ballots in the US, today?
county governments
Which of the following words best describes the nature of the relationship between local, state, and national party organizations prior to the late 1970s, and still characterizes the relationship, somewhat, today?
decentralized
Which of the following statements IS NOT part of the definition of "electoral integrity" as defined by the EIP?
decentralized election administration
Which of the following IS NOT commonly used as evidence of the viability of political party organizations?
decentralized leadership
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about party-in-the-electorate in the United States, as defined by ANES or Gallop surveys?
democrats have always outnumbered republicans
Which political party was held responsible for the Great Recession of the 1890s and which political party was held responsible for the Great Depression (at least in the minds of a majority of the voting public)?
democrats, republicans
Which of the following IS NOT a barrier to third party success in the United States?
fusion practices
Considering the concept of a nation-state, which of the following, in the contemporay period, has never been identified as either a "stateless nation" or a "nation-less state?"
germany
According to research, which of the following issues is considered the worst aspect of US voting procedures?
gerrymandering
According to Pippa Norris and her fellow researchers, what steps are recommended to address the structural weakness of American elections?
improve legal regulation
Which classic market failure is in play when one considers the cleanliness of restaurant kitchens?
information asymmetry
Considering the size of the US population, how does the size of the House of Representatives compare to the size of other lower chambers in successful democracies around the world?
it is much smaller
How was the vocabulary word "retirement slump" used in our discussion of congressional elections?
it is one of a few ways used to measure the incumbency advantage
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Electoral College procedures?
it is possible to eliminate the Electoral College without changing the Constitution
Who famously argued that the purpose of political parties is to win office?
joseph schlesinger
Which of the following IS NOT one of the explanations for the decline in local party organizations in the early years of the 20th century? In other words, which statement is false?
laws were written that prevented local party organizations from canvassing in the days leading up to an election
Which phrase or term is most closely aligned with a parliamentary political arrangement?
legislative supremacy
Which of the following campaign strategies is most commonly used to turn out the candidate's own base?
mail out advertisements
Which set of two states do something decidely different when it comes to voting in presidential elections?
maine and nebraska
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE as it relates to the district behavior of members of the House of Representatives?
members are always trying to expand their re-election constituency
Which of the following states was the first to adopt merit selection as a means for choosing state judges and justices?
missouri
We discussed four phases or four different periods of history as it relates to the role of money in election campaigns, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE as it relates to the role of money?
money was not a factor in Phase 1 or the earliest period of US history
Thresholds for party representation in government are most commonly used with which of the following election formulas?
proportional representation
Which of the following types of elections most benefits third or minor parties?
proportional representation
Which of the following issues has not been consistently found to influence individual-level voting behavior?
prospective economic judgements
Which of the following is a traditional role played by party organizations that the modern party organization is much less likely to engage in?
providing a social outlet
We noted that providing healthcare is considered a classic market failure in most of the developed world. Consequently the government steps in to either provide healthcare, or very closely regulates the industry. Which of the following classic market failures IS NOT related to providing healthcare?
public good
Which classic market failure is in play when one considers a scenic view?
public good
Which of the following statements regarding the names of subunit governments in countries using a federal political arrangement is FALSE?
n Germany subunit governments are called "providences."
Which classic market failure is in play when one considers the removal of waste water?
natural monopoly
Which of the following was an important part of Barack Obama's successful campaign strategy in the 2008 election?
never getting angry
Which of the following judicial selection methods is correlated with longer terms in office?
non-partisan elections
In the second decade of the 21st Century, how much will the average winning Senate candidate spend duirng their election campaign?
on average, about 11 million
When do the members of the Electoral College actual vote?
on the Monday following the second Wednesday in December of presidential election years
We discussed, in class, four functions of political parties in democracies. Which of these functions is being realized when political parties create bureaucratic accountability?
organizing government
Based on the theory elaborated in class, under conditions of high normlessness and low partisan policy conflict, what policy-making outcome is anticipated?
partisan realignment
Although the role was never intended to be partisan, today, the Speaker of the House of Representatives is considered a part of _______ ___ ___________________.
party in government
Which of the following was NOT offered as an explanation for the increased cost of election campaigns in the 21st Century?
patron-client networks and an increase in "treating"
Which of the following terms is most closely associated with the power of local party organizations during the Gilded Age?
patronage
According to lecture, which of the following constituencies is the smallest in number (i.e fewest number of people)?
personal constituency
According to presidential scholar Richard Neustadt, the relative power of the president is based on the power to _________________.
persuade
What is the world used to describe an election when whomever gets the most votes is considered the winner?
plurality rule
Which of the following represents a wedge issue, which the GOP was able to use to split DEMs apart in the party's attempt to regain an equal footing in the immediate post-Watergate electoral environment?
police enforcement or being soft on crime
Which of the following terms does presidential scholar Richard Neustadt use to describe the president's standing in the Washington community?
reputation
What does fusion candidacies imply?
running for public office under multiple party labels
In which type of primary does the voter announce which party's primary they wish to vote in?
semi-open
According to the You Tube video on focus groups, which of the following statements IS TRUE?
six to eight people is usually an appropriate size for a focus group
Which of the following strategies is most commonly aimed at attracting the support of swing voters?
staged media event
Which of the following IS an issue positon where the GOP has been somewhat consistent throughout its storied history?
support for rugged individualism
Which of the following is the way that political scientists are most likely to measure party-in-the-electorate?
survey responses
Which two groups both supported nobility or aristocracy and family rule?
the Abhorrer's and the Patricians
Which of the following IS NOT one of the competing explanations researchers have uncovered for the lack of party ID in the American electorate?
the DEMS and the GOP have become too likely to differentiate themselves in meaningful ways
Which political party, historically, has been the most willing to embrace religious pluralism?
the DEMs
In what year, and at what university, did political scientists begin measuring the partisan identification of the US electorate?
the University of MI in 1952
What historical event has had the largest negative influence on public trust in government, at least through 2020?
the Watergate scandal
Which of the following IS NOT an explanation, offered in class, for why there is a "recruitment bias" or a tendency for more uncivil people to run in US House races?
the candidate-centered era (ala Martin Wattenberg)
Which of the following helps to prevent political party's from dominating bureaucratic rule-making?
the career civil service
What is the name of the Republican committee in the Senate that chooses members to serve on committees?
the committee on committees
What is another name for the legislative campaign committees found in both chambers of Congress?
the hill committees
What is the title of the most powerful member of the Senate in modern times?
the majority leader
Who is often considered the "speaker in waiting?"
the minority leader in the house
Which of the following IS NOT an election system barrier that discourages "third" or minor political parties in the United States?
the nonpartisan party primary
Which of the following does the MOST to block partisan involvement in the judicial process in the United States?
the norm of stare decisis
Which of the following terms is most consistently associated with split-ticket voting?
the office block ballot
Which of the following is one of the most obviously partisan roles of the US president in modern times?
the power to set the party's legislative agenda
Which of the following is NOT part of the "iron triangles" or sub-governments that can dominate policy-making in the United States?
the president
In the modern Congresses, what title is given to the senior most member of the majority party in the Senate?
the president pro tempore
in the US Congress, who is often referred to as "a chair in waiting?"
the ranking member of standing committees
What two events led to the near elimination of competition from third party candidates in US House races; and since what year has this been the case?
the secret ballot and large constituencies; since 1940
What is another name for the Australian ballot? And, what is the last state to adopt the Australian ballot?
the secret ballot, south carolina
According to Neustadt, which of the following MOST directly effects a president's public standing?
the way in which they handle natural disasters and other public emergencies
What was the names of the two dominant political parties leading up to the 1860 presidential election?
the whigs and the democrats
Which of the following indivudals was shot on their way to the Republican national convention?
theodore roosevelt
Which of the following IS NOT evidence of the "institutionalization" of political party organizations at the national (and state) level?
they always select the candidates who run for elected office under their party label
Which of the following is one of the ways political parties can hamper, or prevent, the establishment of democratic institutions in the developing world?
they can be used to orchestrate a coup d'etat
Duverger identifies four principal pluralist party systems, which is not one of his categories?
three-party plus systems
Given the manner in which the left-right continuum is used in political discourse in the United States, which of the following terms is most consistent with an extreme "left" position?
totalitarianism
Which party system is most common in countries that have winner-take-all elections, yet considerable cultural diversity?
two party plus systems
What type of party system exists in the United States?
two-party dominant
Which of the following is the most common source of voter fraud?
unintentional mistakes by voters and election administrators
Which of the following demographic groups is best represented by voters, or the voting population, today?
wealthier americans
Which of the following political parties was particularly torn between their conscience and their support for the cotton industry, when it came to the issue of slavery?
whigs
In what decade did the congressional campaign committees begin to wield considerable influence over candidate recruitment and success?
1950s
If, accross all 435 House districts, sophmore incumbents received, on average, 3% more of the votes than when they ran the first time and in that same year the party of retiring incumebents received 7% less of the total vote then they had received when the incumbent was running, what would the "slurge" equal?
5%
Currently, how many Electoral College votes are there, nation-wide, and how many votes are required to secure the presidency?
538 and it takes 270 to win
From 1 to 100, what was the recent United States score on the PEI (electoral integrity index)?
62
Considering federal judicial appointments approximately what percentage is done, today, on a purely partisan Basis? Second, what percentage of bureaucratic promotions, today, is done on a purely partisan basis?
90%, 100%
John C. Calhoun's return to the Democratic Party fold catalyzed the party's adoption of the first national party platform. Which of the following statements is most consistent with one of the planks of this platform?
A commitment to the political value of limited government.
Which "type of election" is in no way being used to pick the president in the United States?
Condorcet Winner
Which of the following voting procedures does NOT involve ranking the candidates?
Condorcet Winner
Which of the following elections had four political parties in serious contention to win the presidency?
1864
If your state has 13 members of the House of Representatives how many Electoral College votes does your state receive?
15
How many members are there in the Irish Lower House of parliament?
166
Which of the following time periods in US history was characterized by one party dominance?
1816-1828
Which answer below correctly lists the election years when the person who won the popular vote did not become president?
1824, 1876, 1888, 2000, 2016
In what year did the House of Representatives last pick the president and in what year did a minor party candidate last out-poll one of the two major political party candidates?
1824, 1912
In what years were national party conventions and party platforms initiated?
1832, 1840
In which presidential election year did a third or minor political party last win the presidency?
1860
Which of the following statements IS TRUE as it relates to choosing delegates to attend the national party conventions held every four years?
About 80% of delegates are chosen in party primaries.
Which of the following IS NOT an Electoral College reform that has been proposed in Congress in recent years?
Adopt rank choice voting, allowing voters to rank the candidates in order of preference.
Which Founding Father most vociferously supported the Electoral College?
Alexander Hamilton
Which of the following IS NOT a principal of classic democratic theory?
All political decisions are made by the people in referendums.
According to Pippa Norris, in the 2016 elections, which states were the worst in terms of PEI or electoral integrity?
Arizona, Mississipi, and Wisconsin
Which of the following is a good example of how the Democratic Party maintained loyalty in the Antebellum period?
By excluding controversial issues from consideration and allowing a local veto of national party perogatives.
Which of the following is NOT an obvious incumbency advantage in US congressional elections?
Candidates tend to run against Washington
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the influence of candidate image on election outcomes?
Candidate image is found to influence voter turnout, which in turn influences election outcomes.
If you are really into guns and want to only support or vote for politicians who will never restrict guns, which theory of voting behavior does the best job of explaining your votes?
Economic Theory
Considering trends in the ideological extremism of Democrats and Republicans in Congress, based on DW-Nominate scores, which of the following statements IS FALSE?
Incoming Democrats have attracted less extreme money overtime.
Which of the following statements IS TRUE regarding Independent members of the party-in-the-electorate?
Independents are not a homogeneous group and some are more interested in politics, on average, and others are not.
What policy outcome is most expected when a legislature experiences both high normlessness and high partisan policy difference?
Institutional meltdown
Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that interest groups are different from political parties?
Interest groups spend money in election campaigns and political parties do not.
What is one of the unintended effects of fixed terms and regularly scheduled elections?
It promotes the role of money in election campaigns.
Who ultimately won the presidency in the election of 1824?
John Quincy Adams
Which years were local party organizations most powerful and what change is most responsible for their decline?
Late 19th century, and when they lost control of the nominating process.
Which of the following statements IS TRUE regarding changes in party leadership in the 21st Century?
Leaders have become more extreme in their policy preferences.
In which of the following restaurants do City of DeKalb power brokers meet for breakfast?
Lincoln Inn
Which of the following statements IS FALSE as it relates to local political party organizations?
Local party organizations used to select the electors who vote in the Electoral College.
Which of the following IS NOT one of the explanations, offered by the author of the textbook, for why we often have too little electoral competition in the US, especially in state and local races?
Low voter turnout.
Who bank-rolled William McKinley's election campaign in 1896 and who is considered the "Father of the Party Primary?"
Marcus Hanna and Robert LaFollette
Who said we have the "best Congress money can buy"?
Mark Twain
Who is commonly referred to as the "Father of the Party-in-the-Electorate?"
Martin Van Buren
Which of the following statements IS TRUE regarding the differences between mass and cadre political parties?
Mass parties charge membership dues and cadre parties do not.
We know that when measuring party identification, there are roughly equal numbers of Independents, Democrats, and Republicans although Democratic identifiers have tended to outnumber Republicans. But, which of the following statements IS TRUE regarding party identification in the contemporary era?
More people, initially, will claim to be Independent than identify as either a Democrat or a Republican.
Which of the following statements IS TRUE regarding the different levels of party organizations in the US?
The different levels of party organization still maintain their own character and often unique issue positions.
Political parties in the US are not as powerful as they once were; however, they have been able to stay significant players in American politics. Which of the following IS NOT one of the hurdles the political parties have had to navigate in order to remain viable political institutions?
The dismantling of our federal political arrangement.
Which of the are the following IS NOT one of the primary variables used to identify a pluralist party system?
The extent to which interest groups compete with parties.
According to research, which of the following statements IS TRUE?
The lack of political party support for women and minorities, in the primaries, cannot explain their underrepresentation in elected office.
Which of the following IS NOT an explanation, provided by the author of the textbook, for lower voter turnout in the US?
The lack of quality candidates.
Given the character of party identification in the United States over the past 60+ years, which of the following is NOT a good explanation for why Republicans have won many presidential election contests?
The popularity of GOP candidates causes more people to temporarily join the Republican Party.
According to research, which of the following statements IS TRUE as it relates to the underrepresentation of minorites and women in elected office in the US?
The relative cost of voting can help explain the underrepresentation of women and minorities in state legislative offices.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the position of speaker of the House of Representatives in the US?
The speaker position started out as non-partisan.
Which of the following WAS NOT part of the explanations, offered in class, for why we have a two-party dominant political system in the United States?
The two major parties have a monopoly on all the realistic policy prescriptions.
Which of the following statements about different types of political arrangements IS TRUE?
Unitary systems are characterized by a single law-making body and in federal systems there are multiple law-making bodies.
Which traditional function of the national party conventions HAS NOT occurred in the last two presidential election cycles?
announcing the vice-presidential candidates
Which of the following IS NOT one of the ways that political parties originate as discussed in lecture?
as a splinter within a large interest group
Which of the following statements is TRUE about judicial selection in the state of Illinois?
associate judges in Illinois are chosen by circuit judges
Which of the following last names is most closely associated with the GOP strategy of engaging in divisive rhetoric to mobilize a base of support?
atwater
Which of the following IS NOT one of the reforms the professor argued for that would help to make our government more functional?
ban fusion candidates
Which comes first in a typical congressional election campaign?
benchmark poll
Which of the following is one of the ways that political parties can help to create political stability in new democracies?
by stimulating a sense of government legitimacy
Then the GOP fought back after Watergate their leader held conferences in Concord, New Hampshire as part of their "new" campaign strategy. This development was part of which of the following strategies?
candidate recruitment
What policy outcome is most expected when a legislature experiences both low normlessness and low partisan policy difference?
elite collusion
Which of the following statements is most accurate as it relates to poll watchers?
experienced monitors can ensure that procedures are properly followed, but untrained poll watchers can be disruptive at polling locations
Which of the following campaign strategies is most commonly used to depress the turnout of your opponent's base?
exposing opponent scandal (whether real or not)
Which of the following political arrangements is the LEAST common among world governments, today?
federalism and presidentialism
Considering the first political parties in the US, which of the following does not belong or is least related to the other terms?
federalists
In a typical congressional election campaign, which of the following activities would normally occur first?
focus groups
Which of the following sports, popular in the United Kingdom, do we get the term "whip" from?
fox hunting
Which of the following IS NOT an example of a country that has/had a Two Party Plus party system?
france
Which of the following terms is most closely related to our discussion of the New Hampshire presidential primary in class?
front-loading
Then the GOP fought back after Watergate their leader developed mailing lists as part of their "new" campaign strategy. This development was part of which of the following strategies?
fundraising changes
