All Chapter 8
ARP
A host wants to send a message to another host with the IP address 115.99.80.157. IP does not know the hardware address of the destination device. Which protocol can be used to discover the MAC address?
A router will discard a packet if the TTL value reaches ________. A) 0 B) 1 C) 128 D) 256
A) 0
In a routing table, Rows 47, 3,497, and 30,451 match the destination IP address of an arriving packet's IP address. Which row will the router look at first when trying to find matches? A) 1 B) 47 C) 30,451 D) The default row.
A) 1
If the sending host does not do MTU discovery, the largest packet it can send is ________. A) 1,280 octets B) 65,536 octets C) 65,536 octets minus the 40 octets of the main headers D) None of the above. The sending host must do MTU discovery.
A) 1,280 octets
In the mask /14, how many 1s are there? A) 14 B) 16 C) 24 D) None of the above
A) 14
Row 2707 has the mask /16 and the speed metric 20. Row 4400 has the mask /16 and the speed metric 10. Which row will the router choose if both are matches? A) 2707. B) 4400. C) Either A or B D) The router will choose the default row.
A) 2707
How many fields are there in an IPv6 address written for human reading? A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 D) 128
A) 8
The network part of an IP address is ________ bits long. A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 D) We cannot say.
A) 8
A(n) ________ must find the best-matching row in its ________ table by comparing several row matches. A) Ethernet switch, switching B) router, routing C) Both A and B D) Neither A not B
A) Ethernet switch, switching
A TCP ________ segment is a request to close a connection. A) FIN B) ACK C) Close D) Disconnect
A) FIN
A TCP ________ segment is a request to close a connection. A) FIN B) ACK C) Close D) Disconnect
A) FIN
Four-way closes use ________ segments. A) FIN B) RST C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) FIN
Which of the following permits fragmentation by routers along a packet's route? A) IPv4. B) IPv6. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) IPv4
What does a router do with Address Resolution Protocol request messages? A) It broadcasts them. B) It sends them directly to the destination host. C) It sends them to a next-hop router. D) It sends them to the default next-hop router.
A) It broadcasts them
What does a router do with ARP request messages? A) It broadcasts them. B) It sends them directly to the destination host. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) It broadcasts them.
For 100,000 addresses, which will have fewer rows? A) a routing table B) an Ethernet switching table C) Both will be about the same length.
A) a routing table
One-bit fields are called ________ fields. A) binary B) flag C) ACK D) None of the above
A) binary
Pinging sends ICMP ________ messages to the target host. A) echo B) error advisement C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) echo
To see if a target host can be reached, you normally would send it an ICMP ________ message. A) echo B) error advisement C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) echo
Compared to normal routing, decision caching is ________. A) faster B) less dangerous C) Both A and B D) Niether A nor B
A) faster
Compared to normal routing, decision caching is ________. A) faster B) less dangerous C) both A and B
A) faster
Dynamic ________ protocols allow routers to transmit routing table information to one another. A) routing B) transport C) synchronization D) None of the above
A) routing
When a router forwards incoming packets closer to their destination hosts, this is ________. A) routing B) switching C) bridging D) hopping
A) routing
When a router forwards incoming packets closer to their destination hosts, this is ________. A) routing B) switching C) bridging D) relaying
A) routing
Which of the following is one of the three parts of an IPv4 address? A) subnet part B) mask C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
A) subnet part
An internal router only connects different IP ________. A) subnets B) networks C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) subnets
Differentiated Services Control Point
As its name suggests, DiffServ differentiates between multiple traffic flows. Specifically, packets are marked, and routers and switches can then make decisions (for example, dropping or forwarding decisions) based on those markings.
The main version of Internet Protocol in use today is IP version ________. A) 1 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6
B) 4
The main version of Internet Protocol in use today is IP version ________. A) 1 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6
B) 4
Which of the following can route non-IP packets? A) OSPF. B) EIGRP. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
B) EIGRP
There is a row for each address in a(n) ________. A) Router table B) Ethernet switch table C) Both of the above D) Neither A nor B
B) Ethernet switch table
There is a row for each individual Ethernet address in a(n) ________. A) Router table B) Ethernet switching table C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
B) Ethernet switching table
Which of the following is connectionless? A) TCP B) IP C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
B) IP
________ operates at the internet layer. A) TCP B) IP C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
B) IP
ARP operates at ________. A) Layer 2 B) Layer 3 C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
B) Layer 3
The first Step in the Routing process involves ________. A) selecting the best match row B) comparing the packet's destination IP address to all rows C) comparing the packet's destination IP address to matching rows D) selecting an interface
B) comparing the packet's destination IP address to all rows
For human reading, IPv6 address are written in ________. A) decimal B) hexadecimal C) binary D) Elvish
B) hexadecimal
For human reading, IPv6 address is written in ________ notation. A) decimal B) hexadecimal C) binary D) runic
B) hexadecimal
In packet fragmentation and reassembly, the ________ field is used. A) version B) identification C) protocol D) Diff-Serv
B) identification
For human reading, in IPv6 addresses, letters should be written in ________. A) uppercase B) lowercase C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
B) lowercase
Routers usually are connected in a ________ topology. A) point-to-point B) mesh C) hierarchical D) bus
B) mesh
Routers usually are connected in a ________ topology. A) point-to-point B) mesh C) hierarchical D) bus
B) mesh
A(n) ________ must find the best-matching row in its ________ table by comparing multiple row matches. A) Ethernet switch, switching B) router, routing C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
B) router, routing
The version number field in IPv6 has the value ________. A) 0001 B) 0100 C) 0101 D) None of the above
C) 0101
In the mask 255.255.255.0, how many 1s are there? A) 8 B) 16 C) 24 D) None of the above
C) 24
In the mask 255.255.255.0, how many 1s are there? A) 8 B) 16 C) 24 D) We cannot say.
C) 24
Express the mask /24 in dotted decimal notation. A) 255.0.0.0 B) 255.255.0.0 C) 255.255.255.0 D) none of the above
C) 255.255.255.0
Deciding how to send the packet back out is Step ________ in the routing process. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
C) 3
________ operates at the transport layer. A) TCP B) UDP C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
C) Both A and B
An IPv4 packet's protocol field value is 1. The data field contains a(n) ________ message. A) TCP B) UDP C) ICMP D) DNS
C) ICMP
The default row ________. A) always has the mask /32 B) will always match the destination IP address of an incoming packet C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
C) both A and B
The encapsulating security protocol offers ________. A) confidentiality B) authentication C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
C) both A and B
To deliver an arriving packet to a destination host on a subnet connected to a router, the router needs to know the destination host's ________ before the router can send the packet on to the destination host. A) IP address B) data link layer address C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
C) both A and B
For human reading, IPv6 fields are separated by ________. A) dashes B) slashes C) colons D) none of the above
C) colons
The router selects a row in which the next-hop router is labeled local. The router will send the packet to the ________. A) default router B) local next-hop router C) destination host D) None of the above
C) destination host
After selecting a row on a routing table, a router will send packets out to the ________. A) port B) socket C) interface D) plug
C) interface
Router connectors are called ________.
C) interfaces
Router connectors are called ________. A) sockets B) plugs C) interfaces D) ports
C) interfaces
Routers send packets out ________. A) ports B) connections C) interfaces D) plugs
C) interfaces
TCP messages are called ________. A) frames B) packets C) segments D) fragments
C) segments
TCP messages are called ________. A) frames B) packets C) segments D) fragments
C) segments
Interfaces
Connections between two or more computer systems
________ is used for supervisory messages at the internet layer. A) TCP B) DNS C) DHCP D) ICMP
D) ICMP
In the IPv4 address 1.2.3.4, what is the network part? A) 1 B) 1.2 C) 1.2.3 D) It is hard to say with limited information.
D) It is hard to say with limited information.
The network part of an IPv4 address is ________ bits long. A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 D) It is hard to say with limited information.
D) It is hard to say with limited information.
IP is made reliable through ________. A) echo and echo reply messages B) error advisement messages C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
D) Neither A nor B
TCP is ________. A) connectionless B) unreliable C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
D) Neither A nor B
In a routing table, Rows 47, 3,497, and 30,451 match the destination IP address of an arriving packet's IP address. Which row will the router look at last when trying to find matches? A) 1 B) 37 C) 30,451 D) The default row
D) The default row
Express the mask /18 in dotted decimal notation. A) 255.0.0.0 B) 255.255.0.0 C) 255.255.255.0 D) none of the above
D) none of the above
In a subnet mask, the 1s correspond to the ________. A) network part B) subnet part C) host part D) none of the above
D) none of the above
In the mask /14, how many 1s are there? A) 8 B) 16 C) 24 D) none of the above
D) none of the above
What is pushing IPv6 adoption now? A) pressure from ISPs B) pressure from the IETF C) pressure from ISO D) none of the above
D) none of the above
In an IPv4 packet, the ________ field value tells the type of message contained in the IP packet's data field. A) data B) next-hop C) next-header D) protocol
D) protocol
In an IPv4 packet, the ________ field value tells the type of message contained in the IP packet's data field. A) data B) next-hop C) next-header D) protocol
D) protocol
A router has to go through the ARP process each time it needs to send a packet to a destination host or to a next-hop router.
FALSE
A row in a routing table has the destination 10.8.0.0 and the mask /24. It is a match for 10.8.6.7.
FALSE
An autonomous system can freely select the exterior dynamic routing protocol it will use.
FALSE
The network part of an IPv4 address is ________ bits long.
It is hard to say with limited information.
ARP operates at ________.
Layer 3
Converting networks to support IPv6 is relatively simple and inexpensive.
TRUE
IP Version 6
The successor to ipv4 with 128 bit address instead of 32 bit
Hop Limit Field
What field content is used by ICMPv6 to determine that a packet has expired
Differentiated services
Which IPv4 header field is responsible for defining the priority of the packet?
47) If I simplify the address 2001:0000:0000:00fe:0000:0000:0000:cdef, I get ________. A) 2001:::fe::::cdef B) 2001::fe::::cdef C) 2001:::fe::cdef D) 2001::00fe:::cdef
A) 2001:::fe::::cdef
Network Part
Identifies the hosts network on the layer
Arp Cache
Temporary storage of MAC addresses recently contacted
For human reading, IPv6 fields are separated by ________.
colons
Routers usually are connected in a ________ topology.
mesh
A router must use the Address Resolution Protocol process ________.
whenever it forwards an IP packet to a host that is not in its ARP cache
Default Row
0.0.0.0
In a routing table, Rows 47 and 3497 both match the destination IP address of an arriving packet's IP address. Which row will the router look at first when trying to find matches?
1
Masking IP Addresses
128.171.17.13 mask is 255.255.0.0 Mask has 1s the result is the orginal bits of the ip Adresses, there are sixten 1s, this is two octests so the first two octests woild result in 128.171
Payload Length
16-bit field equivalent to the Total Length field in the IPv4 header; defines the entire packet (fragment) size, including header and optional extensions
In the mask 255.255.255.0, how many 1s are there?
24
Express the mask /24 in dotted decimal notation.
255.255.255.0
Deciding what interface and to what device to send the packet back out is step ________ in the routing process.
3
A mask has ________ bits.
32
The total length of an IPv4 address is ________ bits.
32
IP Version 4
32 bit IP Address; current dominant version of the Internet Protocol
For human reading, symbols in IPv6 addresses are written in fields of ________ symbols.
4
The main version of Internet Protocol in use today is IP version ________.
4
Main IPV6 header
40 octects long, longer is simpiler then the IPv4 header
The new version of Internet Protocol that is coming into use is IP version ________.
6
How many fields are there in an IPv6 address written for human reading?
8
Traffic Class
8-bit field is equivalent to the IPv4 DS field; also contains the 6-bit DSCP value used to classify packets and a 2-bit ECN used for traffic negotiation
Prefix Notation
A method of indicating how many bits are in a subnet mask. For example, /24 is prefix notation for a 24-bit subnet mask. Prefix notation is also known as slash notation. /24 is 255.555.255.0 /8 is 255.0.0.0
If someone says that a 1-bit flag is not set, this means that its value is ________. A) 0 B) 1 C) blank D) We cannot say.
A) 0
In a routing table, Rows 47 and 3497 both match the destination IP address of an arriving packet's IP address. Which row will the router look at first when trying to find matches? A) 1 B) 47 C) 3497 D) the default row
A) 1
If I simplify the address 2001:0ed2:056b:00d3:000c:abcd:0bcd:0fe0, I get ________. A) 2001:ed2:56b:d3:c:abcd:bcd:fe0 B) 2001:ed2:56b:d3:c:abcd:bcd:fe C) either A or B D) neither A nor B
A) 2001:ed2:56b:d3:c:abcd:bcd:fe0
Row 2707 has the mask /16 and the cost metric 20. Row 4400 has the mask /14 and the cost metric 10. Which row will the router choose if both are matches? A) 2707 B) 4400 C) either A or B D) The router will choose the default row.
A) 2707
Row 2707 has the mask /16 and the reliability metric 20. Row 4400 has the mask /14 and the reliability metric 10. Which row will the router choose if both are matches? A) 2707. B) 4400. C) Either A or B D) The router will choose the default row.
A) 2707
Row 2707 has the mask /16 and the reliability metric 20. Row 4400 has the mask /16 and the reliability metric 10. Which row will the router choose if both are matches? A) 2707 B) 4400 C) either A or B D) The router will choose the default row.
A) 2707
Four-way closes use ________ segments. A) FIN B) RST C) either A or B D) neither A nor B
A) FIN
Which of the following segments is not acknowledged? A) FIN. B) RST. C) Both of the above are acknowledged. D) Neither A nor B is acknowledged. Answer: A
A) FIN
Which of the following allows routers to check for errors in the header when a packet arrives? A) IPv4. B) IPv6. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) IPv4
Which of the following allows routers to check for errors in the header when a packet arrives? A) IPv4 B) IPv6 C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
A) IPv4
Which TCP/IP interior dynamic routing protocol is good for small internets if security is not a serious concern? A) RIP. B) BGP. C) OSPF. D) Both A and C
A) RIP
________ is an interior dynamic routing protocol. A) RIP B) BGP C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) RIP
For 100,000 addresses, which will have fewer rows? A) Router table. B) Ethernet switch table. C) Both will be about the same length.
A) Router table.
One-bit fields are called ________ fields. A) SYN B) flag C) ACK D) none of the above
A) SYN
Which of the following is one of the three parts of an IP address? A) Subnet part. B) Mask. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) Subnet part
Which of the following can handle an application message that is one megabyte in size? A) TCP. B) UDP. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) TCP
Which of the following can handle an application message that is one megabyte in size? A) TCP B) UDP C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
A) TCP
Which of the following is reliable? A) TCP B) IP C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) TCP
Which of the following is reliable? A) TCP. B) UDP. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
A) TCP
According to the IETF standards, if a router receives a series of packets from the same IP address to the same IP address, it should ________. A) go through the entire process for each packet B) cache the decision made for the first packet and use this decision on subsequent packets C) skip the first step in the routing process but go through other steps for each subsequent packet D) None of the above
A) go through the entire process for each packet
According to the IETF standards, if a router receives a series of packets from the same IP address to the same IP address, it should ________. A) go through the entire process for each packet B) cache the decision made for the first packet and use this decision on subsequent packets C) skip the first step in the routing process but go through other steps for each subsequent packet D) none of the above
A) go through the entire process for each packet
An autonomous system is free to select whatever ________ dynamic routing protocol it wishes. A) interior B) exterior C) Both A and B
A) interior
In a network mask, the 1s correspond to the ________. A) network part B) subnet part C) host part D) None of the above
A) network part
In a network mask, the 1s correspond to the ________. A) network part B) subnet part C) host part D) none of the above
A) network part
An internal router only connects different IP ________. A) subnets B) networks C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
A) subnets
Reducing IPV6
Adress simplification should be done whenever possible to the greatest extent possible Only a single group of consecuitve 0s may be shortend this way in an IP adress Address if there are multipse suquances of all 0s the longest group of all-0 fields should be shortend If two groups of consecutive 0s tie for the longest number of all-zero groups the first of thses groups must be shortend
A router will discard a packet if the Time to Live (TTL) value in an arriving packet is ________. A) 0 B) 1 C) 254 D) 256
B) 1
If someone says that a 1-bit flag is set, this means that it is given the value ________. A) 0 B) 1 C) Either of the above
B) 1
If I simplify the address 2001:0000:0000:00fe:0000:0000:abcd:13ef, I get ________. A) 2001:::fe:::abcd:13ef B) 2001::fe:::abcd:13ef C) 2001:::fe::abcd:13ef D) 2001::fe::abcd:13ef
B) 2001::fe:::abcd:13ef
An abrupt close uses a(n) ________ segment. A) FIN B) RST C) either A or B D) neither A nor B
B) RST
Which of the following segments is not acknowledged? A) FIN B) RST C) Both of the above are acknowledged. D) Neither A nor B is acknowledged.
B) RST
Which of the following is connectionless? A) TCP. B) UDP. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
B) UDP
) The first step in the routing process involves ________. A) selecting the best match row B) comparing the packet's destination IP address to all rows C) comparing the packet's destination IP address to matching rows D) selecting an interface
B) comparing the packet's destination IP address to all rows
UDP is ________. A) connection-oriented B) connectionless C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
B) connectionless
51) In IPv6, the payload length gives the number of octets in the ________. A) entire packet B) entire packet minus the main header C) entire packet minus the main and extension headers D) entire packet minus the extension headers
B) entire packet minus the main header
In IPv6, the payload length gives the number of octets in the ________. A) entire packet B) entire packet minus the main header C) entire packet minus the main and extension headers D) entire packet minus the extension headers
B) entire packet minus the main header
For a given volume of traffic, which are more expensive? A) switches. B) routers. C) Both of the above are about equally expensive.
B) routers
For a given volume of traffic, which are more expensive? A) switches B) routers C) Both of the above are about equally expensive.
B) routers
Fragmentation is ________. A) very common B) suspicious because it is often used by hackers C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
B) suspicious because it is often used by hackers
The use of options in IP is ________. A) very common B) suspicious because they are often used by hackers C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
B) suspicious because they are often used by hackers
Deciding what interface and to what device to send the packet back out is step ________ in the routing process. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
C) 3
A mask has ________ bits. A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 D) We cannot say.
C) 32
A mask has ________ bits. A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 D) We cannot say.
C) 32
The total length of an IP address is ________ bits. A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 D) We cannot say.
C) 32
The total length of an IPv4 address is ________ bits. A) 8 B) 16 C) 32 D) We cannot say.
C) 32
For human reading, symbols in IPv6 addresses are written in fields of ________ symbols. A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 16
C) 4
For human reading, symbols in IPv6 addresses are written in groups of ________. A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 16
C) 4
The new version of Internet Protocol that is coming into use is IP version ________. A) 1 B) 2 C) 6 D) 8
C) 6
58) Which of the following is contributing to the exhaustion of IPv4 addresses? A) The growing number of hosts in Asia. B) The growing number of mobile devices. C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
C) Both A and B
ARP is used to find the destination data link layer destination addresses of ________. A) destination hosts B) routers C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
C) Both A and B
In TCP/IP, routing means ________. A) the process that routers use to forward incoming packets B) the process that routers use to exchange routing table information C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
C) Both A and B
The default row ________. A) always has the mask /32 B) will always match the IP address of an incoming packet C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
C) Both A and B
The encapsulating security protocol can be used in ________. A) IPv4 B) IPv6 C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
C) Both A and B
The encapsulating security protocol offers ________. A) confidentiality B) authentication C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
C) Both A and B
To deliver an arriving packet to a destination host on a subnet connected to router, the router needs to know the destination host's ________ before the router can send the packet on to the destination host. A) IP address B) data link layer address C) Both A and B D) Neither A nor B
C) Both A and B
Which interior dynamic routing protocol is good for large internets? A) RIP. B) BGP. C) OSPF. D) Both A and C
C) OSPF
Address Resolution Protocol is used to find the destination data link layer destination addresses of ________. A) destination hosts B) routers C) both A and B D) neither A nor B
C) both A and B
Border Routers
Connect WAN with LAN. 128.171(Netowrk Part), .17(subnetPart).13(Host Part)
Internal Router
Connects different subnets within a network
The version number field in IPv6 has the value ________. A) 0001 B) 0100 C) 0101 D) 0110
D) 0110
65) If I simplify the address 2001:0000:0000:00fe:0000:0000:0000:cdef, I get ________. A) 2001:0000:0000:00fe::::cdef B) 2001:::00fe:0000:0000:0000:cdef C) 2001::00fe::::cdef D) 2001:::00fe::cdef
D) 2001:::00fe::cdef
The new version of Internet Protocol that is coming into use is IP version ________. A) 1 B) 4 C) 5 D) 6
D) 6
In the IPv4 address 1.2.3.4, what is the network part? A) 1 B) 1.2 C) 1.3 D) We cannot say.
D) We cannot say.
Which is a problem with IPv4 addresses? A) They cannot be used on wireless devices. B) They are too complex. C) Routers find it difficult to handle them. D) We have run out of them.
D) We have run out of them.
The router selects a row in which the next-hop router is labeled local. The router will send the packet to the ________. A) default router B) local next-hop router C) local host D) destination host
D) destination host
Which IPv4 header field is used to specify quality of service? A) type of service B) version number C) ECN D) differentiated services control point
D) differentiated services control point
The main benefit of IPv6 over IPv4 is ________. A) two more bits in the IP address B) two more bytes in the IP address C) the ability to have quality-of-service guarantees D) the ability to support more possible hosts
D) the ability to support more possible hosts
The main benefit of IPv6 over IPv4 is ________. A) two more bits in the IP address B) two more bytes in the IP address C) the ability to have quality-of-service guarantees D) the ability to support more possible hosts
D) the ability to support more possible hosts
A router must use the ARP process ________. A) when a new router comes online B) when a router goes offline C) whenever it forwards an IP packet D) whenever it forwards an IP packet to a host that is not in its ARP cache
D) whenever it forwards an IP packet to a host that is not in its ARP cache
A router must use the Address Resolution Protocol process ________. A) when a new router comes online B) when a router goes offline C) whenever it forwards an IP packet D) whenever it forwards an IP packet to a host that is not in its ARP cache
D) whenever it forwards an IP packet to a host that is not in its ARP cache
Border router's main job is to connect different subnets in the same network.
FALSE
ICMP error advisement messages add reliability to IP.
FALSE
In a routing table, a row is a route for a single IP address.
FALSE
Routers know the difference between network and subnet masks.
FALSE
The default row will never be selected as the best match row.
FALSE
UDP is reliable.
FALSE
Version Number
First row of the ipv6 header contains an 8-bit traffic class field adn a 20-bit flow label field
Subnet Part
In a subnetted IPv4 address, interpreted with classful addressing rules, one of three parts of the structure of an IP address, with the subnet part uniquely identifying different subnets of a classful IP network.
In the IPv4 address 1.2.3.4, what is the network part?
It is hard to say with limited information.
Subnets
Subnets of a large network that use a different group of IP addresses belonging to the same domain IP address.
The 2nd Row
TCP fragments application messages and sends them in individual packets
If the ACK bit is set, the acknowledgment number field MUST have a value.
TRUE
In IPv6, routers usually only have to consider the hop-by-hop options extension header.
TRUE
The next-hop router in the default row is called the default router.
TRUE
The time to live field in IPv4 has the same basic function as the hop limit field in IPv6.
TRUE
To handle internetwork transmission control tasks that the IP protocol cannot handle, the IETF created TCP.
TRUE
When a network mask is applied to any IP address on the network, the result is the IP address' network part followed by zeros.
TRUE
When a packet arrives, the router should look for matches in ALL rows in the routing table.
TRUE
Hop-By-Hop
The Hop-by-Hop Identifier is an unsigned 32-bit integer field (i
Time to Live
The IPv4 ___ field enables the network to discard a datagram that has been traveing the Internet for too long.
Host Part
The ________ is used by the last router in the path to deliver the packet to the destination device.
Routing
The process of determining the best path from Point A on one network to Point B on another is known a
Which is a problem with IPv4 addresses?
We have run out of them.
Explicit Congestion Notification
____ was designed to provide devices with a method for notifying each other that a link is experiencing congestion before the routers start to drop packets
Synchronization
compares content of files on two devices and makes them make sense
The first step in the routing process involves ________.
comparing the packet's destination IP address to all rows
The router selects a row in which the next-hop router is labeled local. The router will send the packet to the ________.
destination host
Which IPv4 header field is used to specify quality of service?
differentiated services control point
Compared to normal routing, decision caching is ________.
faster
According to the IETF standards, if a router receives a series of packets from the same IP address to the same IP address, it should ________.
go through the entire process for each packet
Subnet Masks
help the routers know the location of the subnet ID + network ID, 1's followed by 0's (indicate host ID bits) determines if the destination is on the same subnet, if not sends it to gateway In network masks the initial 1s correspond to the network part In the subet mark the initial 1s correspond to the network and subent part Example mask is 255.555.0.0
For human reading, IPv6 address is written in ________ notation.
hexadecimal
Protocol Field
identifies the transport layer protocol from which the packet was sent or to which the packet should be sent.
Acknowledgment number field
indicates the next sequence number the receiver expects to receive. This is a way for the receiver to let the sender know that all segments up to and including that point have been received
After selecting a row on a routing table, a router will send packets out to the ________.
interface
FIN
is set, then the segment requestes a normal connection closing
In a network mask, the 1s correspond to the ________.
network part
In a subnet mask, the 1s correspond to the ________.
none of the above
Express the mask /18 in dotted decimal notation.
none of the above (255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, 255.255.255.0)
In the mask /14, how many 1s are there?
none of the above (8, 16, 24)
In an IPv4 packet, the ________ field value tells the type of message contained in the IP packet's data field.
protocol
ACK
recognize; admit
Next Hop Router
router that will be the next to receive a packet from a previous router
A(n) ________ must find the best-matching row in its ________ table by comparing multiple row matches.
router, routing
When a router forwards incoming packets closer to their destination hosts, this is ________.
routing
Which of the following is one of the three parts of an IPv4 address?
subnet part
An internal router only connects different IP ________.
subnets
The main benefit of IPv6 over IPv4 is ________.
the ability to support more possible hosts
