ALL TExES Technology Applications EC-12

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Wiki

A website that any reader can edit and update without knowledge of HTML. (Example: Wikipedia is the most famous example of a wiki.)

Trademarks

A word, symbol, device, name, or a combination of these which together specifically identify goods from different manufacturers.

BMP

Also called bitmap. While you will not usually see bmp files on the web pages, the file type can be used for digital graphics. It is a Microsoft Windows format that is used for the Paint program. Some clip are saved as bmp files.

Atmospheric Perspectives

Also known as aerial perspective. Considers how objects look through air. The further away an object is, the more dust and pollutants we must look through, which affects how we see the object.

The Golden Section

Also known as the golden mean. A ratio 1 to 1.6. This ratio is pleasing to the human eye. (Example: Ancient Egyptian pyramids, proportions of dolphins, the spirals of a shell, a pinecone, a sunflower, and even the proportions of the human face.)

Kern

Amount of space between letters.

Monitor Display

The part of the work that is immediately visible. (Recommend 800 x 600 resolution)

Pagination

The process of breaking up the completed text into pages.

Leading

The spacing between lines of text.

Outside Margin

The white space around the the text and images of a page. The outside margin is the space away from the binding of the book.

Parallel Port

A connector for a device that sends or receives several bits of data simultaneously by using more than one wire.

Peripherals

A device or unit that operates separately from the CPU but is connected to it, as a magnetic disk or tape unit on a printer.

Touch Screen

A display that responds to the touch. Connect: Mounted in the front of the monitor and then plugged into the computer using a USB connection. Software must also be loaded to work properly function.

Stemming

A keyword is simply a word. Search engines on the Internet will look for that word in prominent places on web pages. An example of a problem is when the keyword "learn" may not bring results like "learning" or "learners. "

Serif

A small line that is used for decorative purpose on letters. (Example: Times New Romans) Most common for print work because of their improved readability.

Listserv

A subscription electronic mailing list. Search for a group that interests you and join. You will start receiving emails from other groups. Sometimes, the emails are asking questions of other group members and sometimes the emails are offering information. You can also ask your own questions to the group.

Split Complement

A three color palette which uses one of the colors on the wheel and the two adjacent colors of its complement. For example, if you chose the color blue you would use red-orange and yellow-orange as the split complement colors for my palette.

Instructional Simulations

Allow students to experiment over and over again with different scenarios.

Boolean Searches

Allows for a more refined search. There are several ______ operators, AND, OR, NOT, NEAR, and FOLLOWED BY.

Fair Use

Allows nonprofit educational use of some copyrighted materials. Consider the amount of copyrighted information used and potential impact of your use on the market.

Processing Devices

Allows the computer to process the data. Processors include the chips or components that determine the speed of the computer. (Example: 2.8 GHz Intel Pentium 4)

Perspective

Allows the designer to create depth in an image and creates a focal point for the eye.

Analogous Colors

Adjacent to each other on the color wheel. For example, if you wanted to use the analogous colors with green, you would use yellow and cyan. Analogous colors create harmony in your design and they are some of the easiest colors to use in your design.

Summative Evaluation

An assessment of a project or activity after the student has completed the work. This will identify if the student has met the learning objectives and satisfied the requirements of the project.

Project Management Tools

Assists managers with administrative tasks. Managers set the projects's timelines and milestones. You can also determine the optimum order of steps and identify steps that can overlap and be completed simultaneously. The software displays a visual time line type plan of the project.

Text Wrap

Automatically brings word to the next line it is is too long to fit on the existing line.

Software Evaluation

Begin with the end in mind. Know the purpose of using the software. Evaluate the quality, appropriateness, effectiveness, and efficiency.

Cool Colors

Blue hues, including blue, cyan, and green. Tend to appear smaller in designs. These colors are calming and soothing but can also seem sterile and impersonal.

Technical Writing Strategies

Step by step instructions. Readers will not want to read from cover to cover. Rather, they will want to jump to the specific information they need. Use pictures and diagrams as much as possible. Index topics in several ways.

Margins

Can be set for the top, bottom, left and right hand side of the page. A standard document has one inch margins on all sides.

Chat

Collaborates with more than one person at a time.

Inside Page

Comes after the title page and include the main contents of the book.

Asynchronous

Computers, Telecommunications of or pertaining to operation without the use of fixed time intervals. (Example: Bulletin Boards)

Network

Connections of computers. At a minimum, there are two computers and some type of connection, such as wire. Can also include routers, hubs, and wireless capabilities.

Databases

Structured way to store information for easy retrieval.

Linear Perspective

Dictates that the closer an element is in an image, the larger it is. So, small objects appear farther away and larger objects typically appear closer. The horizon line is important in linear perspective. This is the line where the sky and the land meet. The horizon line will also have a vanishing point, which is where all other lines converge and disappear.

Complementary Colors

Directly across from each other. For example, on the RGB color wheel, green is directly across from magenta and thus those two colors are complementary colors.

The Rule of Thirds

Divide your view into thirds horizontally and vertically. The most interesting pictures will have the focal point along one of the dividing lines rather than centered in the picture. Particularly interesting to the human eye are the four places where the dividing lines cross.

Formative Evaluation

Done before a project or activity is completed. It is used to provide immediate feedback to students and to further guide their learning. Teachers can often identify issues before the student's final grade is affected. This is usually more informal.

Windows and Orphans

Leaving enough lines of a paragraph either at the bottom of a page or column (window) or at the top of a page or column (orphan).

Printer

Essential output device. Connect: USB port or parallel port. Also require software drivers installed on the computer.

Citing Source

Everything on the internet is copyrighted material unless it specifically states that the owner is allowing use of the material. Formal citations include American Psychological Association (APA), Modern Language Association (MLA), and Chicago /Turabian Style.

Operating Systems

First software loaded on a computer. It manages all the software applications and determines which applications take priority, manages memory requests, and communicates with input and output devices. (Example: Linux, Windows XP, and Macintosh X.)

Sans Serif

Fonts that do not have these lines. (Example: Arial) Most common for computer screen documents due to readability.

GIF

Graphic Interchange Format. It is a format that uses 256 colors. Typically, it is best for images that have large areas of the same color. Compress files without degrading the quality over time.

Alignments

Left Justified - All items line up on the left side and the right side is irregular. Right Justified - All items line up on the right side and the left side is irregular. Center Justified - Center of page Fully Justified - The left and right sides are both lined up without ragged edges. Commonly used in newspaper.

Virtual Field Trips

Students can take a virtual field trip to many places, including places that are too dangerous to travel such as inside a volcano or a hurricane.

Integrated Learning System (ILS)

Holds all content for a particular subject, year or grade level. It also tracks student progress for teachers. It can use combinations of drill and practice, tutorials, simulation, and problem solving software. The instruction is highly individualized for each student.

Subtractive or CMYK Color

How we typically see color naturally. Light reflects off of objects and some of the colored light waves are absorbed by the object. The colored light waves that the object reflects represents the color we see. The primary colors are blue, yellow, and red. When all these three colors are mixed together, it creates black. CMYK stands for cyan (blue), Magenta (red), Yellow, and Black. CMYK is used for printing images.

White Space

Important design concept that helps designers achieve harmony and balance. It allows the eye to "rest" and indicates the areas of the image that are important to focus on. White space does not have to be white. It can be any color depending on the background color of the image.

Secondary Colors

In between the primary colors and are made by mixing those primary colors. For example, on the RGB color wheel, cyan is a secondary color which is made by mixing blue and green.

Instructional Games

Similar to drill and practice, but look more like a game. Games can offer a novel format for students as long as they have the dexterity to compete. Games can be conducive for group work with students working in teams or can be individualized.

Instant Messanger

Similar to telephone conversation using text. The limitation is that it is typically with just one other person.

Typefaces

Include a collection of letters and symbols characterized by height, slant, etc. Also called a font family. For example, Arial is a font which is part of the font family or typeface that included Arial, Arial Bold, and Arial Narrow.

Assessing Information

Information - Look for broad unsupported generalizations or evidence of bias as indications that the information may not be reliable. Source - Identify the organization or individual responsible for the website. Is the author credible and reliable. Date - When was the website last updated.

Printers

Ink jet printers do a nice job with text and images. They are also usually less expensive to operate. However, a laser printer will print with much clearer resolution. So, if you require a professional looking presentation, the laser printer is the best option.

Scanner

Input device that can capture hard copy images or text and translate them into a digital form. Connect: Universal Serial Bus (USB) or a parallel port requiring a disk to load a driver on the computer.

Blog

Is like an online diary or journal where individuals make regular posts.

JPG

Joint Photographic Experts Group. It is typically used for photographs displayed on web pages because it can display 16 million colors but it compresses images to take up less memory. It compresses images by actually throwing out some of the subtle color changes. The more you save a jpg image, the more the quality degrades.

Digital Camera

Takes photographs in digital format. The main price variable is the resolution, which is usually denoted in megapixels. (Example: If the resolution is three megapixels this means that the digital photograph has three million pixels in picture.)

Spreadsheets

Mathematical grids or tables.

Patents

Offer protection for inventions and inventors. The law also covers improvements to existing inventions.

Simulation

Offer students a computerized, interactive model of a system. Very good for small groups.

Drill and Practice

Offer students practice in the form of a variety of exercises. The students receive immediate feedback on their answers. Typically, Individualized practice and thus not appropriate for group or collaborative work.

Title Page

One of the first pages of a book. It contains the book's title, the author's name and other information such as the publisher's name and address.

Presentation Tools

One of the most popular productivity tools for presentations. (Example" PowerPoint)

Database Managers

Software that allows you to work effectively with very large databases. The data inside a database is only as useful as it is accessible. So, it is important to keep the database running efficiently and keep the database running efficiently and keep the data current. _____ _____ software assists you in that process.

Software Applications

Performs a specific task for the user. (Typically, loaded onto a computer via a CD-ROM or through download from the internet.

Synchronous

Pertaining to or operating using fixed-time intervals controlled by a clock. (Example: Chat)

PNG

Portable Network Graphics. Designed to take the place of gif files but has not done so as of yet. The png format does compress files, but without image quality loss and can handle millions of colors.

Orientation

Portrait - Page will be longer than it is wide (default setting) Landscape - Page will be wider than it is long.

Storage Devices

Primary Storage devices include the computer's hard drive. Secondary Storage devices include CD-ROMs and flash drives.

Deep Freeze

Prohibits users from loading software before it is approved.

Authoring Systems

Sometimes called hypermedia software, allow teachers or students to create their own materials. Authoring systems can be appropriate for individual or small group work. In either situation noted, it takes time to learn how to use an authoring system. This time can take away from the time allotted for content area learning.

Problem Solving Software

Specifically designed to teach and reinforce problem solving skills, typically independent of any content knowledge.

Primary Colors

RGB - Red, Green, and Blue (Makes white when mixed together) CMYK - Cyan (blue), Magenta (red), and Yellow (Makes black when mixed together)

Warm Colors

Red hues, including red, orange, yellow, and their combinations. Tend to appear larger and move closer to the user and they stand out more in deigns. They evoke a sense of comfort, energy, excitement or even anger from the viewer.

Basic Design Principles

Repetition - repeating parts of the design. Brings unity to the piece. The unity gives user security that they are still on the same webpage. Contrast - Opposite of repetition. It means that some elements of the design are created different from the rest. Prevents boredom, adds visual interest, helps organize info, and creates a focal point. Proximity - Image that relate is best group close together. Separating these elements can lead to confusion. Alignment - The feature that allows the eye to connect related elements. Helps create unity and order.

Assessment Techniques

Rubrics - Typically look like tables with the criteria for evaluation down one side and the level of competency on the other side. Progress Grades - Helps student stay on task, make sure their projects do not get derailed by missing a major component. Portfolio

Additive or RGB Color

Stands for Red, green, and Blue and its the color model used for computer screens and televisions. These are the colors that cannot be created by mixing other colors. Mixing all three of these colors creates white.

Tabs and Rulers

Rulers can be visible at the top and left side of the page. These rulers can be used to precisely place tabs, which align items exactly on a page.

Tutorial

Self contained lessons. The software presents the entire lesson and sometimes contains drill and practice embedded in them. The software can have a set structure that is the same for each learners or it can be more sophisticated, offering a means to identify the students' areas of need and branching to those lessons.Typically, Individualized practice and thus not appropriate for group or collaborative work.

Pixels

Short for two words:Picture and Element. It is the smallest element in a picture. A pixel is square in shape. Many pixels line up in an array to make a picture.

Typography

The arrangement, style, and appearance of type.

Em-dash

The dash is longer than other dashes and it is used to add additional information to a sentence, similar to parentheses. It creates a strong break in the flow of the text - almost like a pause while reading - that allows the reader to gain additional information in long sentences without adding as much complexity.

Drop Cap

The first letter at the beginning of each chapter that is large enough to extend below the first line.

Inside Margin

The inside margin is the white space that is at the book binding.

Resolution

The number of pixels in an image. It is measured in ppi (pixels per inch) or dpi (dots per inch). Typically, the higher the resolution, the better the quality of the image. FYI... Most computer screens display images at 72 ppi. Therefore, saving images above 72 ppi is wasting memory for you and wasting download time for website views.

Online Etiquette

Use good grammar, avoid all capital letters (considered rude), use the subject wisely, compress file attachments, and respects others' rights.

Monochromatic Colors

Use shades of the same color. Can be boring because of the lack of contrast.

Input Devices

Used to get data or information into the computer. (Example: keyboard, mouse, drawing pads, & CD-ROMs)

Output Devices

Used to get data or information out of the computer. (Example: printer and hard drives)

Natural Language Searches

Users can ask a question as they would to a person. (Example: Ask Jeeves)

Gutter

Where the two insides margins meet.

Voice/Sound Recorder

Will take sound and digitize it so that it can be stored and manipulated on the computer.

Productivity Tools

Word processors, spreadsheets, database, presentation software, and planing & organizing tools.

Internet Documents

Work on the internet must be in a format that can be read by a browser. Typically, that means using Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). Pictures or images should usually be in JPG or GIF format.

Linked Columns

You can link columns so that text automatically flows into the next linked column.

Video

internet browser cannot read video without the use of a plug-in. Plug-ins are free, downloadable files that allow browsers to read certain types of files.

En-dash

used to denote duration or as a way to say "through". Typically, it is used for time, such as May 31-August 1, or page numbers, such as read pages 145-190.


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