ALL the questions from Ch. 1-4
Jawad is studying predator-prey interactions. One day he notices a mole eating a grub. Later that day, a hawk eats the mole. How many producers are there is this scenario?
0
Liyana is studying predator-prey interactions. One day she notices a fox eating a rabbit. Later that day, a mountain lion eats the fox. How many species are involved in her study?
3
Sofia is studying predator-prey interactions. One day she notices a caterpillar eating a leaf. Later the caterpillar is captured and eaten by a beetle. The next day, Sofia observes a bird eating the beetle. How many consumers has Sofia observed directly in this scenario?
3
Kai is studying the interaction between porcupines, pinion pine trees, and pine bark beetles in Rocky Mountain National Park. Over the course of his study, he observes the behaviors of 25 porcupines, records the location of 151 pinion pines, and traps 332 beetles. How many organisms does his study include?
508
The pH of pure water is________ because________.
7.0; water contains an equal number of H+ ions and OH- ions
An element has an atomic number of 76. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the element are
76 protons and 76 electrons.
How does a strong acid differ from a weak acid?
A weak acid dissociates only partially in water.
Which of the following can be described as a molecule but not a compound?
O2
Which of the following best describes the structure of how water molecules form?
One oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond with one another to create stable valence shells of electrons. The electrons are shared unequally resulting in a polar molecule.
Although Oregon and South Dakota are at similar latitudes, winters in Oregon are warmer and summers in Oregon are cooler as compared to South Dakota. Which of the following might explain these differences between the climate of Oregon and the climate of South Dakota?
Oregon is located near the Pacific Ocean.
Which kingdom includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Protista
Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about extinction?
Scientists are not currently alarmed by the current rate of extinction which is unlikely to rival rates seen during the last 5 mass extinctions.
Which of the following statements inaccurately describes biodiversity?
So far, approximately 6 million species have been identified and named.
Heartburn occurs when stomach acid escapes the stomach and burns the tissues of the esophagus. Baking soda is sometimes used as an antacid. How does baking soda help relieve symptoms of heartburn?
The baking soda is serving as a buffer to remove excess H+ ions from stomach acid.
Which of the following is the best explanation of how the goal of science differs from the goal of technology?
The goal of science is to answer questions and increase knowledge while the goal of technology is to utilize science to find solutions to practical problems.
Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?
The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom governs its chemical activity.
Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are nonagricultural areas. Which of the following statements would be the best hypothesis for this study?
Agricultural chemicals can cause deformities and feminization amongst cane toads.
Which of the following statement(s) is not a true statement with respect to scientific theory?
All scientific theories are considered scientific principles or laws.
Based on the evolutionary tree of the three domains, which of the following statements is true?
All three domains have a common ancestor.
Usain, an aspiring scientist in a biology class, wanted to conduct a study on the effects of cigarette smoke on the web-building ability of spiders. Which of the following statements is an incorrect use of terms pertaining to the scientific method?
At the end of his experiment, Usain theorized that there was no significant difference in the ability to weave a web under conditions of cigarette smoke compared to spiders that were not exposed.
Which of the following is a property of bases?
Bases feel slippery when touched.
Which of the following statements about basic solutions is true?
Basic solutions more OH- than H+.
Which of the following statements is correctly matched to the step of the scientific method?
For a research project on test scores, Jayden divides students into two groups: the first group sleeps 8 hours a night, the second group sleeps 6 hours a night (Experimental design)
Bananas have a pH of 5. This means a banana has an excess of_______ ions and would be called a(n)________.
H+; acid
Which of the following is an example of the heat capacity of water?
Living organisms are able to maintain their internal body temperatures because the water in their cells resists changes in temperature.
Miguel keeps a red worm bin in his basement because the worms need cooler temperatures to survive. He feeds them about one pound of kitchen scraps each week. One summer the temperatures rose above the optimal temperature for the red worms (~ 85°F) and many in his colony died. However, the worms that survived continued to reproduce and within six months his colony was thriving again. The following summer, unusually warm temperatures once again resulted in the basement temperatures rising above 85°F. Surprisingly, Miguel noticed that only a small portion of the worm colony died. What is the best explanation for the higher survivorship rate?
The worms that survived the first summer had a higher heat tolerance and passed this trait on to their offspring.
What do lemons, tomatoes, and coffee all have in common chemically?
They all release H+ ions in solution, making them acids.
Which of the following property of water explains why a wet glass slide sticks to laboratory counter?
Water is adhesive.
Which of the following levels of biological organization is correctly matched with an example?
a tropical rain forest with rain, sunlight, trees, insects, and animals - ecosystem
Many insects cannot see the color red, and as a result many insect-pollinated flowers are colors other than red (e.g., purple and yellow). Flower color would be considered a(n)
adaptation.
Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element?
atom
All atoms of the same element have the same
atomic number.
The scientific method
begins with observations.
Which of the following pairs of words is matched correctly?
bladder - organ
A(n)________ can be defined as a substance that keeps pH within established limits by taking up excess H+ or OH- in a solution.
buffer
Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are non-agricultural areas. In this study, what is the genus of the study animal?
bufo
Which of the following is not an example of an emerging disease?
cancer
Which of the following is true about ecosystems?
chemicals constantly flow into and out of an ecosystem
Which of the following is a trace element in living things?
chromium
Phylum Mollusca is broken into subgroups which include both Cephalopoda (e.g., squid and octopus) and Bivalvia (e.g., clams and mussels). As a result, Cephalopoda and Bivalvia most likely belong to which classification category?
class
Mateo is studying interactions between black bears and grizzly bears in Banff National Park. What level of organization is he studying?
community
When populations of different types of organisms interact in a given area, they comprise a(n)
community.
Sucrose, C12H22O11, is best described as a(n)
compound
The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the
concentration of H+ present in a solution.
All honeycreeper species have a similar size and body shape but vary in beak shapes. This is an example of
descent with modification.
An atom's valence electron shell
determines its chemical reactivity.
Which of the following can be categorized as prokaryotic?
domain Bacteria
Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from most to least inclusive?
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Which of the following levels of organization include the physical environment?
ecosystem
A covalent bond occurs when
electrons are shared between two atoms to complete their valence shells.
In science, a theory
encompasses many hypotheses.
An atom with a neutral charge has
equal numbers of protons and electrons.
Harposporium anguillulae are carnivorous fungi that prey nematodes and eelworms. How should Harposporium anguillulae be classified?
eukaryotic consumer
Which of the following is considered the unifying concept of biology because it explains almost every aspect of life, including the diversity of life on this planet?
evolution
Latonya is an avid gardener who spends a lot of time caring for the plants in her garden. To minimize damage from pests, Latonya uses a pesticide spray. After a few years of using the same pesticide spray, she notices that it has become less effective. This is most likely due to
evolution by natural selection.
Is the following statement true or false? All single-celled organisms are prokaryotes.
false, because some eukaryotes are single-celled
Is the following statement true or false? The scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris) and the black pine ( Pinus nigra) belong to the same species.
false, because the specific epithet is different
Phosphorus has an atomic number of 15. How many valence shell electrons does it have?
five
The purpose of a control group in an experiment is
for comparison to the experimental group
In general, evolutionary processes lead to organisms that
function well in a given environment
Which of the following is a way in which chemical bonds can be formed?
gaining electrons
The food web in a prairie ecosystem includes grasshoppers which feed on grasses. When the grasshoppers die, their dead bodies are broken down with the help of fungi. List in order the producer, decomposer, and consumer in this system.
grass, fungi, grasshoppers
Some insects can walk on the surface of water because water
has surface tension.
Which of the following classification categories for humans is correct?
homo: genus
When water changes from a liquid to a gas
hydrogen bonds are broken between neighboring water molecules.
The figure below is depicting the interaction of water molecules with one another. The weak attractions between water molecules are known as
hydrogen bonds.
Scientists were studying if white-nosed syndrome is responsible for the deaths of millions of American bats. Scientists hypothesized that white-nose syndrome, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, makes bats die by increasing the amount of energy they use during winter hibernation. What would the test group be in this experiment?
infected male and female bats hibernating in America
An atom that has an electrical charge is called a(n)
ion
The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another is a(n)________ bond.
ionic
Technology
is the application of scientific knowledge to human interests.
Salmon are born in fresh water but migrate out to marine waters for most of their life. Eventually, they return to the place they were born to spawn. Because migrating between fresh water and saltwater affects the balance of water in their body, salmon have evolved an internal control system called osmoregulation that restores water balance by negative feedback. This is an example of which characteristic of life?
maintaining homeostasis
Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are non-agricultural areas. Based on this study, what is/are the test group(s)?
male toads collected from areas near large-scale and small-scale farms
Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are non-agricultural areas. Based on this study, what is the control group?
male toads collected from the suburbs
All the chemical reactions that occur in a cell are collectively called
metabolism
Living organisms must constantly take in energy in order to power functions necessary to remain alive. All of the chemical reactions that involve energy conversions within a cell are called
metabolism
Cells need buffering agents in order to
minimize the changes in pH of their internal environment.
The process of________ leads to organisms that are________ that environment.
natural selection; adapted to
Elements that differ in their________ are known as isotopes.
neutron number
The subatomic particles that are found within the nucleus of an atom are the
neutrons and protons.
When a sodium atom transfers an electron to a chlorine atom
the ions will separate in the presence of water.
Isotopes of an atom differ in
their atomic mass
The kidney of a dolphin is considered an organ because it is composed of different
tissues
Male amphibians, including frogs and toads, have been plagued by feminization, deformity, behavioral abnormalities and sterility. Biologists from the University of Florida investigated whether reproductive problems among populations of cane toads ( Bufo marinus) are caused by poisons from chemicals associated with agriculture. The biologists collected local adult cane toads from more than 20 different locations. Toads were collected from areas close to agriculture, both large-scale and small-scale farms, as well as from suburbs that are non-agricultural areas. Data collected by the biologists suggested a strong correlation between feminization of male toads and agricultural chemicals. Is it accurate to state that the scientists had supported their theory that agricultural chemicals cause deformities?
no, the scientists were testing a hypothesis which is not the same things as a theory
Scientists were studying if white-nosed syndrome is responsible for the deaths of millions of American bats. Scientists hypothesized that white-nose syndrome, caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, makes bats die by increasing the amount of energy they use during winter hibernation. What would be the best control group for this study?
non-infected male and female bats hibernating in America
Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order?
observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, conclusion
Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from most complex to simplest?
organism, organ system, organs, tissues, cells
A water molecule, as shown here, is polar because
oxygen has a stronger electronegativity than hydrogen.
The atomic structure of water satisfies the octet rule by having
oxygen share electrons with two hydrogen atoms.
Himari is studying birth and death rates of spotted seals in a portion of Shiretoko National Park. What level of organization is she studying?
population
Organisms that transform solar energy into chemical energy are called
producers.
In the reaction C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O carbon dioxide is one of the
products.
Using their lateral line organ, fish can perceive and react to changes in water currents caused by prey and predators. This is an example of
response to the environment.
The number of neutrons present in the nucleus of an average atom of any given element is best estimated by
subtracting the number of protons from the mass number.
After drinking a great deal of coffee (pH 5), a human's blood buffering system would need to________ as the coffee was digested to lower the level of acid present in the blood stream.
take up H+
For metabolic processes to occur within their cells, all living organisms need to maintain homeostasis which means they need
to maintain the correct internal temperature, moisture level, and acidity as well as other factors.
Radioactive isotopes would be most harmful to a person when
unmonitored release into the environment makes changes in a cell's DNA.
The reactivity of an atom depends on the number of
valence electrons
Which of the following property of water helps an individual who is exercising vigorously maintain a constant body temperature?
water has high heat capcity
Sugar dissolves in coffee because
water is a good solvent.
Of the following examples, which best demonstrates cohesiveness of water?
water moving up a 100-foot pine tree, from the roots to the leaves
