AMD Final

An ideal number of alternatives to generate is: A) 3 B) 2 C) 4 D) 5 E) 7

A) 3

Which of the following are the basic steps in software reuse? A) Abstraction, storage, and recontextualization B) Overloading and overriding C) Developing a business plan and an implementation plan D) Contextualization and generalization E) Purchasing new software and integrating it into existing systems

A) Abstraction, storage, and recontextualization

All of the following might attend a structured walkthrough meeting EXCEPT: A) CEO B) Standards Bearer C) User D) Maintenance Oracle E) Presenter

A) CEO

The extent to which information contained on one level of a set of nested data-flow diagrams is also included on other levels refers to: A) DFD consistency B) DFD completeness C) DFD gap proofing D) DFD flexibility E) DFD cohesion

A) DFD consistency

Which of the following JAD participants use the system in question and provide insight into new organizational directions? A) Managers B) Sponsors C) Session leaders D) Users E) Scribes

A) Managers

The part of a decision table that lists the actions that result for a given set of conditions is called: A) action stubs B) condition stubs C) rule section D) execution stubs E) processing stubs

A) action stubs

Generally speaking, a use-case model is developed during the: A) analysis phase B) selection phase C) production phase D) logical design phase E) implementation phase

A) analysis phase

A named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization defines: A) attribute B) relationship C) instance D) associative entity E) data flow

A) attribute

An irreducible part, or an aggregation of parts within a system, is called a(n): A) component B) input C) interface D) constraint E) scope

A) component

A(n) _____ is conducted before the second phase of the SDLC to determine the economic and organizational impact of the system. A) feasibility study B) essential study C) scheduling study D) planning session E) project discussion

A) feasibility study

The reduction of waste creation is an example of a(n): A) intangible benefit B) qualitative benefit C) tangible benefit D) operational benefit E) profitable benefit

A) intangible benefit

The most conservative solutions in terms of the effort, cost, and technology involved in developing a new system are the: A) low-end solutions B) high-end solutions C) mid-range solutions D) constraint-dependent solutions E) requirements-dependent solutions

A) low-end solutions

Changes made to a system to fix or enhance its functionality best defines: A) maintenace B) support C) repair D) installation E) coding

A) maintenace

Analysts gathering information from as many sources as possible about what the new system should do is indicative of: A) requirements determination B) requirements structuring C) alternative generation and selection D) project identification and selection E) project initiation and planning

A) requirements determination

Asking system users and business managers, "What are the subjects of the business?" would help determine: A) the data entities and their descriptions B) the candidate key C) attributes and secondary keys D) relationships and their cardinality and degrees E) integrity rules, minimum and maximum cardinality, and time dimensions of data

A) the data entities and their descriptions

A strategy for training users so they can quickly learn the new system is a(n): A) training plan B) installation plan C) user guide D) training curriculum E) electronic performance support system

A) training plan

Reversing the sequence of one or more characters in a field is called: A) transposing B) transcripting C) appending D) truncating E) hashing

A) transposing

A relationship between the instances of one entity type is a: A) unary relationship B) binary relationship C) ternary relationship D) singular occurrence E) parternship occurrence

A) unary relationship

Each of the following is a guideline for displaying text EXCEPT: A) use abbreviations and acronyms instead of full text B) do not hyphenate words between lines C) left-justify text and leave a ragged right margin D) display text in mixed upper- and lowercase and use conventional punctuation E) use double spacing if space permits

A) use abbreviations and acronyms instead of full text

Which of the following shows the software components or modules and their dependencies? A) State diagram B) Component diagram C) Deployment diagram D) Object diagram E) Use-case diagram

B) Component diagram

Packaged software producers create software such as: A) R/3 B) Excel C) Linux D) Firefox

B) Excel

Which of the following companies is the top software producer? A) Microsoft B) IBM C) Apple D) Hewlett-Packard E) Oracle

B) IBM

Identifying, assessing, and managing the risks and day-to-day changes that occur during a project best defines which of the following project manager activities? A) Conflict management B) Risk and change management C) Team management D) Customer relations E) Technical problem solving

B) Risk and change management

A software solution involving both in-house and purchased software is called: A) a mingled solution B) a hybrid solution C) an open-source solution D) a proprietary solution E) slackware

B) a hybrid solution

During the Planning Game's steering phase: A) business creates a Story Card for something it wants the new system to do B) business sees how the development process is progressing and works with Development to adjust the plan accordingly C) programmers accept responsibility for tasks and balance their work loads D) business sorts the Story Cards based on feature requirements E) developments sorts the Story Cards based on risk

B) business sees how the development process is progressing and works with Development to adjust the plan accordingly

On a use-case diagram, use cases are shown as: A) rounded rectangles with their names written inside B) ellipses with their names inside C) circles with their names written inside D) squares with their names written inside E) stickmen symbols with their names written below the symbol

B) ellipses with their names inside

A particular relationship between two attributes best defines: A) context B) functional dependency C) normal form D) structure E) join

B) functional dependency

Besides response time, another measure of time would be: A) release time B) how long it takes software to complete a running job C) how long it takes software to produce output D) turnaround time E) resource usage time

B) how long it takes software to complete a running job

One possible source of software which involved in-house development with purchased solutions is called a(n): A) generic solution B) hybrid solution C) mid-point solution D) composite solution E) amalgamated solution

B) hybrid solution

One possible source of software which involves in-house development with purchased solutions is called a(n): A) generic solution B) hybrid solution C) mid-point solution D) compositite solution E) amalgamated solution

B) hybrid solution

A candidate key that has been selected as the unique, identifying characteristic for an entity type is called a(n): A) attribute B) identifier C) secondary key D) gerund E) index

B) identifier

If each employee can have more than one skill, then skill is referred to as a: A) gerund B) multivalued attribute C) nonexclusive attribute D) repeating attribute E) data replica

B) multivalued attribute

A graph of instances that are compatible with a given class diagram is a(n): A) use-case diagram B) object diagram C) component diagram D) sequence diagram E) collaboration diagram

B) object diagram

Using lists to break information into manageable pieces conforms to the SOS guideline of: A) shortcuts B) organize C) simplicity D) show E) sequence

B) organize

Which of the following slack times indicates that an activity is on the critical path? A) 1 B) 10 C) 0 D) 2 E) 5

C) 0

Which of the following multiplicities indicates a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 1? A) 1:M B) 1..0 C) 0..1 D) 1:1 E) 1 * 0

C) 0..1

Which of the following is a true statement regarding a data store? A) Data can move directly from one data store to another data store B) Data stores illustrate relationships among entities C) A data store has a noun-phrase label D) Data can move from an outside source to a data store E) A data store shows data in motion

C) A data store has a noun-phrase label

Which of the following is a purpose of logical model and physical database design? A) Structure the data in unstable structures that are likely to change over time and that have extensive redundancy B) Develop a logical database to help identify a steering committee C) Develop a logical database design from which we can do physical database design D) Translate a relational database model into network database models E) Develop a marketing plan for both logical and physical database design

C) Develop a logical database design from which we can do physical database design

Referencing use-case modeling, an external entity that interacts with the system best defines: A) source B) event C) actor D) player E) target

C) actor

Analyzing an organization's activities to determine where value is added to products and/or services and the costs incurred best describes: A) affinity clustering B) business process reengineering C) value chain analysis D) resource availability E) technical difficulty

C) value chain analysis

Which of the following shows the time period during which an object performs an operation, either directly or through a call to some subordinate operation? A) Asynchronous message B) Critical path C) Simple message D) Activation E) Component diagram

D) Activation

Which of the following is an example of a form? A) Invoice B) Pie chart C) Mailing labels D) An electronic spreadsheet E) Weekly sales summaries by region and salesperson

D) An electronic spreadsheet

Which of the following maintenance cost elements is the most significant? A) Tools B) Software structure C) Personnel D) Number of customers E) Hardware

D) Number of customers

Which of the following best describes a business document that contains only predefined data? A) Electronic spreadsheet B) Turn-around document C) Form D) Report E) Coupon

D) Report

Which type of project team is more likely to practice code reuse? A) permanent B) large C) agile D) transient E) translucent

D) transient

Combining all normalized user views into one consolidated logical database model refers to: A) normalization B) requirements structuring C) file integration D) view integration E) logic modeling

D) view integration

The degree of an association relationship cannot be: A) binary B) higher (n-ary) C) unary D) zero E) ternary

D) zero

What would be the estimated time for completion if time estimates for installation are as follows? optimistic = 1 week; pessimistic = 1 week; realistic = 1 week A) 5 weeks B) 12 weeks C) 6 weeks D) 3 weeks E) 1 week

E) 1 week

Which of the following is most likely a source/sink for a manufacturing system? A) A report B) A file C) Payment record D) A bank deposit E) A bank

E) A bank

Current approaches to systems development that focus on adaptive methodologies, people instead of roles, and an overall self-adaptive development process best defines: A) participatory design B) rapid application development C) joint application design D) CASE E) Agile Methodologies

E) Agile Methodologies

Risks can arise from: A) the use of new technology B) resistance to change C) availability of critical resources D) member inexperience with technology or the business area E) All of these

E) All of these

Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding project planning? A) Project planning often requires that you make numerous assumptions about resource availability and potential problems B) Project planning is the second phase of the project management process C) Project planning focuses on defining clear, discrete activities and the work needed to complete each activity within a single project D) The repetitive nature of the project management process requires that plans be constantly monitored throughout the project and periodically updated E) Monitoring project progress against the baseline project plan is the first project planning activity

E) Monitoring project progress against the baseline project plan is the first project planning activity

Which of the following provides an external interface to a class? A) Association B) View C) Constructor D) Source E) Operation

E) Operation

Which of the following is not a way of validating purchased software information? A) Reviewing software documentation and technical marketing literature B) Sending prospective vendors a questionnaire asking specific questions about their packages C) Using the software yourself and running it through a series of tests based on the criteria for selecting software D) Obtaining feedback from other users of the software E) Purchasing the software first and then testing

E) Purchasing the software first and then testing

The four approaches to reuse include all of the following EXCEPT: A) ad hoc B) facilitated C) managed D) designed E) ex ante

E) ex ante

When developing information systems, an organization could use all of the following EXCEPT: A) an information technology services firm B) open-source software C) cloud computing D) in-house development E) hardware maintenance firms

E) hardware maintenance firms

During _____, the new system becomes part of the daily activities of the organization. A) organization B) planning C) implementation D) budgeting E) installation

E) installation

A direct result of decomposition is: A) composition B) cohesion C) adherence D) divergence E) modularity

E) modularity

(T/F): A JAD is an inexpensive, popular requirements determination technique.

False

(T/F): A boundary is the point of contact where a system meets its environment or where subsystems meet each other.

False

(T/F): A component diagram is a graph of instances that are compatible with a given class diagram.

False

(T/F): A component is the line that marks the inside or outside of a system.

False

(T/F): A primitive level data-flow diagram is the first deliverable produced during requirements structuring.

False

(T/F): A relation is said to be in second normal form if the primary key consists of a combination key, and the non key attributes are partially dependent on the primary key.

False

(T/F): A systems development technique is the series of steps used to mark the phases of development for an information system.

False

(T/F): A use case is used to represent an individual action that is part of an overall function.

False

(T/F): Context diagrams have only one process labeled "P-1."

False

(T/F): Denormalization is the process of splitting or combining normalized relations into physical tables based on EFFICIENCY of use of rows and fields.

False

(T/F): Display sequence refers to the way a user can move from one display to another.

False

(T/F): Due to the principle of incremental commitment, a selected project will result in a working system.

False

(T/F): During eXtreme Programming, the nominal group technique is the primary method used for requirements determination.

False

(T/F): During logic modeling, the normalized data requirements from all user interfaces are combined into one consolidated logical database model.

False

(T/F): During the designing the human interface step of the design phase, you would enumerate different potential implementation environments that could be used to deliver the different sets of capabilities.

False

(T/F): During the development of a preliminary schedule activity conducted during the project planning phase, you specify how various deliverables are produced and tested by you and your project team.

False

(T/F): Form designers should use highlighting as often as possible to distinguish the different categories of data.

False

(T/F): On a state diagram, a guard condition is shown in quotes.

False

(T/F): Processes, rather than data, are the most complex aspects of many modern information systems.

False

(T/F): Referencing a JAD session, the sponsor is the individual responsible for organizing and running a JAD session.

False

(T/F): Referencing a walkthrough, the maintenance oracle ensures that the work product adheres to organizational technical standards.

False

(T/F): Referencing use-case modeling, a source is an external entity that interacts with the system.

False

(T/F): Structure charts, logic models, and data models are the major deliverables associated with the object-oriented modeling approach.

False

(T/F): Structured analysis is the process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data-flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD.

False

(T/F): The second task in systems analysis is to investigate the system and determine the proposed system's scope.

False

(T/F): Variable expenses are any person, group of people, piece of equipment, or material used in accomplishing an activity.

False

(T/F): When classes are generalized, the classes that are generalized are called superclasses.

False

(T/F): When resources and staff are available and a system must be built from scratch, the best option would be to go with a packaged software producer to obtain the software.

False

(T/F): You should use the interview process to set expectations about the new or replacement system.

False

(T/F): A Web site's customer is represented as a source on a data-flow diagram.

True

(T/F): A binary 1 to many relationship in an ER Diagram is represented by adding the primary key of the entity on the one side of the relationship as a foreign key to the entity on the many side.

True

(T/F): A context diagram shows the scope of the organizational system, system boundaries, external entities that interact with the system, and the major information flows between entities and the system.

True

(T/F): A diagram that shows software components and their dependencies is called a component diagram.

True

(T/F): A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data go from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks.

True

(T/F): A primary key is converted in a hashed file organization.

True

(T/F): Agile Methodologies promote a self-adaptive software development process.

True

(T/F): All information collected during project initiation and planning is collected and organized into a document called the baseline project plan.

True

(T/F): An association is a relationship between object classes.

True

(T/F): An audit trail is a record of the sequence of data entries and the date of those entries.

True

(T/F): Because exisiting pieces of software have already been tested, reusing them tends to result in higher-quality software with lower defect rates, decreasing maintenance costs.

True

(T/F): By 2015, it is predicted that the total global market for cloud computing will reach $1.1 trillion.

True

(T/F): On a class diagram, a multiplicity of a single 1 implies one.

True

(T/F): One way to handle repeating data within an entity is to separate the repeating data into another entity, called a weak entity.

True

(T/F): Operations provide an external interface to a class.

True

(T/F): The development group identifies projects based on the ease with which existing hardware and systems will integrate with the proposed project.

True

(T/F): Two different names used for the same attribute is called a synonym.

True

(T/F): eXtreme Programming advantages include more communication among developers, higher levels of productivity, higher-quality code, and reinforcement of the other eXtreme Programming practices.

True

The ability to see organizations as systems is called: A) systems thinking B) analytical thinking C) organizational analytics D) algorithmic analysis E) system decomposition

A) systems thinking

Making assets available for others involves: A) sorting B) shelf-life C) storage D) cataloging E) cloud computing

C) storage

The analysis of documents can help you identify: A) problems with unknown systems B) special information processing circumstances that occur frequently C) the reason why current systems are designed the way they are D) the organizational stock price E) the steering committee

C) the reason why current systems are designed the way they are

(T/F): Cost is the primary focus of high-end alternatives.

False

(T/F): If you have a fixed-price or fixed-scope contract, an agile methodology is often recommended.

False

(T/F): Project planning is the first phase of the project management process in which activities are performed to assess the size, scope, and complexity of the project and to establish procedures to support later project activities.

False

(T/F): When designing textual output, you should use single spacing wherever possible.

False

(T/F): When performing observations, it is best to select typical people and sites as opposed to atypical people and sites.

False

(T/F): A major disadvantage of closed-ended questions is that useful information that does not quite fit the defined answers may be overlooked as the respondent tries to make a choice instead of providing his or her best answer.

True

(T/F): A subclass inherits all the features from its superclass.

True

(T/F): A system is an interrelated set of business procedures used by one business unit, working together for a purpose.

True

(T/F): An entity instance is a single occurrence of an entity type.

True

(T/F): File restoration can be achieved through backup copies of a file, audit trails, and row image files.

True

(T/F): System documentation is the detailed information about a system's design specifications, its internal workings, and its functionality.

True

(T/F): The context and meaning of tables and lists are derived from the format of the information.

True

(T/F): The phases of the systems development life cycle are circular in nature.

True

(T/F): The primary purpose of using JAD in the analysis phase is to collect systems requirements simultaneously from the key people involved with the system.

True

(T/F): The status report project team communication method is used to inform project team members.

True

The first phase of the systems development life cycle is: A) systems planning and selection B) systems study C) systems anlysis D) systems design E) systems implementation and operation

A) systems planning and selection

(T/F): In general, JADs benefit greatly from computer support.

False

(T/F): When designing textual output, both the left and right margins should appear justified.

False

Management skills: A) help you work with end users, as well as other analysts and programmers B) help you understand the potential and the limitations of information technology C) help you manage projects, resources, risk, and change D) enable you to understand the organization and its functions, to identify opportunities and problems, and to analyze and solve problems E) promote an understanding of the different types of information systems

C) help you manage projects, resources, risk, and change

The process of breaking the description of a system down into its smaller components best defines: A) coupling B) cohesion C) decomposition D) modularity E) scaling

C) decomposition

The organizational process of changing over from the current information system to a new one best defines: A) reorganization B) physical design C) installation D) replacement E) system alteration

C) installation

A cost associated with an information system that cannot be easily measured in terms of dollars or with certainty refers to a(n): A) economic cost B) tangible cost C) intangible cost D) one-time cost E) nonconsumable cost

C) intangible cost

System documentation that is part of the program source code or is generated at compile time best defines: A) system documentation B) user documentation C) internal documentation D) external documentation E) embedded documentation

C) internal documentation

When an organization invests in carefully designing assets for reuse, choosing assets for domain or product line, they are said to be engaged in: A) ad hoc reuse B) facilitated reuse C) designed reuse D) managed reuse E) ex ante reuse

C) designed reuse

A testing technique in which the program code is sequentially executed manually by the reviewer is referred to as: A) inspection B) system testing C) desk checking D) syntax checking E) stub testing

C) desk checking

Technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes best defines: A) technology barrier breakers B) reengineered technologies C) disruptive technologies D) state-of-the-art technologies E) innovative technologies

C) disruptive technologies

A renewal is an example of a(n): A) data element B) attribute C) entity D) relationship E) action stub

C) entity

A type of use-case relationship that adds new behaviors or actions is a(n): A) abstract relationship B) recursive relationship C) extends relationship D) generalized relationship E) complex relationship

C) extends relationship

One type of cloud computing service that allows companies to order server capacity and storage on demand is called: A) software as a service B) leased computing C) hardware as a service D) storage on demand E) middleware as a service

C) hardware as a service

A data-flow diagram that represents a system's major processes, data flows, and data stores at a high level of detail refers to a: A) context diagram B) level-1 diagram C) level-0 diagram D) level-00 diagram E) logic diagram

C) level-0 diagram

Research has found that projects identified by top management more often: A) have a narrow, tactical focus B) reflect diversity and have a cross-functional focus C) have a strategic, organizational focus D) will integrate easily with existing hardware and systems E) have a very low systems development priority

C) have a strategic, organizational focus

The analysis technique that uses a discount rate determined from the company's cost of capital to establish the present value of a project is commonly called: A) return on investment (ROI) B) break-even analysis (BEA) C) net present value (NPV) D) future value (FV) E) currency rate analysis (CRA)

C) net present value (NPV)

An entity that has a well-defined role in the application domain and has state, behavior, and identity defines: A) class B) component C) object D) actor E) attribute

C) object

Questions in interviews and on questionnaires that have no pre-specified answers are: A) nonspecific questions B) closed-ended questions C) open-ended questions D) investigative questions E) exploratory questions

C) open-ended questions

Which of the following are descriptive of engineering-based methods? A) Simple design and continuous refactoring are excellent for highly dynamic environments but are a source of potentially expensive rework for highly stable environments B) Well-matched to small products and teams C) Potential difficulties with simple design and lack of documentation D) Needs a critical mass of scarce experts during project definition but can work with fewer later in the project, unless the environment is highly dynamic E) Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by many degrees of freedom

D) Needs a critical mass of scarce experts during project definition but can work with fewer later in the project, unless the environment is highly dynamic

Which of the following describes Agile Methodologies? A) Methods evolved to handle highly critical products B) Methods evolved to handle large products and teams C) Thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having their roles defined by clear practices and procedures D) Simple design and continuous refactoring are excellent for highly dynamic environments but are a source of potentially expensive rework for highly stable environments E) Needs a critical mass of scarce experts during project definition but can work with fewer later in the project, unless the environment is highly dynamic

D) Simple design and continuous refactoring are excellent for highly dynamic environments but are a source of potentially expensive rework for highly stable environments

Which of the following depicts the various state transitions or changes an object can experience during its lifetime, along with the events that cause those transitions? A) Collaboration diagram B) Sequence diagram C) Entity relationship diagram D) State diagram E) Component diagram

D) State diagram

Which is the primary key(s) in the following STUDENT_GRADE(StudentID, CourseID, Grade)? A) STUDENT_GRADE B) StudentID C) CourseID D) StudentID, CourseID E) Grade

D) StudentID, CourseID

The third phase of the project management process in which the plans created in the prior phases are put into action is: A) project planning B) project development C) project initiation D) project execution E) project close down

D) project execution

The overall goal or function of a system best defines: A) purpose B) goal C) objective D) scope E) mission

D) scope

Good interview guidelines consist of: A) phrasing the question to illicit the correct response B) typing your notes within two weeks of the interview C) establishing expectation levels about the new system D) seeking a variety of perspectives from the interviews E) using as much time as you need

D) seeking a variety of perspectives from the interviews

All of the following are benefits of enterprise solutions, EXCEPT: A) a single repository of data for all business processes B) module flexibility C) immediate integration of new modules D) shifting toward enterprise solutions means changing business processes E) shifting from separate systems to a seamless, integrated system

D) shifting toward enterprise solutions means changing business processes

(T/F): Agile Methodologies are more planning-based than the traditional approaches to systems development.

False

(T/F): An activity on the critical path will have a slack time of 1.

False

(T/F): An object diagram is a diagram that shows the static structure of an object-oriented model: the object classes, their internal structure, and the relationships in which they participate.

False

(T/F): Baseline routines are guidelines that list the instructions to construct an executable system from the baseline source code.

False

(T/F): COCOMO uses parameters that are derived from estimates of planned projects of the same complexity to estimate project size and cost.

False

(T/F): Challenging yourself to look at the organization in new ways describes the impertinence characteristic that a systems analyst should exhibit during the requirements determination phase.

False

(T/F): Cloud computing always complies with government regulations.

False

(T/F): Cloud computing is best when a supported task is generic and one does not need instant access.

False

(T/F): Component-based development's focus is on creating specific pieces of software that can only be used once.

False

(T/F): Contrary to popular belief, interviewing is not one of the primary ways analysts gather information about an information systems project.

False

(T/F): Coupling is the conservation of inputs and outputs to a data-flow diagram process when that process is decomposed to a lower level.

False

(T/F): DFD cohesion means your DFDs include all of the necessary components for the system you are modeling.

False

(T/F): During the implementation phase of the object-oriented systems development life cycle, the application-oriented analysis model is adapted and refined to suit a target implementation environment.

False

(T/F): Finding the best solution to a business problem or opportunity describes the attention to details characteristic that a systems analyst should exhibit during the requirements determination phase.

False

(T/F): Hiding the internal implementation details of an object from its external view is called incorporation.

False

(T/F): If the net present value (NPV) of all costs is $100,000 and the NPV of all benefits is $170,000, then the ROI would be 35 percent.

False

(T/F): If you encounter contradictory information about procedures from interviews, questionnaires, or observations, you should reconcile the contradictions before proceeding to other analysis tasks.

False

(T/F): In business-related systems, textual output is becoming less important as the text-based applications that use these systems are slowly disappearing.

False

(T/F): In enterprise solutions, the difference between the modules and traditional approaches is that the modules are integrated to focus on the business functional areas, rather than on business processes.

False

(T/F): In general, Agile Methodologies view people as interchangeable units.

False

(T/F): Increased flexibility is an example of an intangible benefit.

False

(T/F): Induction refers to the process of first identifying problems and then formulating solutions.

False

(T/F): Information refinement means taking the system requirements you find during requirements determination and ordering them into tables, diagrams, and other formats that make them easier to translate into technical system specifications.

False

(T/F): Integration testing brings together all of the programs that a system comprises for testing purposes.

False

(T/F): Limited user participation is a major criticism of the Agile Methodologies.

False

(T/F): On a class diagram, an association between object classes is signified by a double-ended arrow that connects the two object classes.

False

(T/F): On a use-case diagram, a linking relationship arises when one use case references another use case.

False

(T/F): One of the primary advantages of impact printers is their ability to exactly replicate a screen report on paper.

False

(T/F): Open-source software is developed by employees of a particular company.

False

(T/F): Project initiation is the second phase of the project management process, which focuses of defining clear, discrete activities and the work needed to complete each activity within a single project.

False

(T/F): The project charter reflects the best estimate of the project's scope, benefits, costs, risks, and resource requirements, given the current understanding of the project.

False

(T/F): The purpose of a walkthrough is to identify and correct errors found in programming code.

False

(T/F): The purpose of the testing and usability assessment section of a form design specification is to explain to those who will actually develop the final form why this form exists and how it will be used.

False

(T/F): The two most effective aspects of the Agile Usage-Centered Design are the coding and the design rework sessions.

False

(T/F): To date, data-flow diagrams have not been useful tools for modeling processes in business process reengineering.

False

(T/F): To maintain consistency, the classification and ranking of projects should only be performed by top management or a steering committee.

False

(T/F): Traditional approaches work best when the target system will operate in a volatile and fluid environment.

False

(T/F): Using a discount rate of 12 percent, the present value of a $50,500 benefit received two years from now is $40,258.29.

False

(T/F): Variable costs are costs resulting from the ongoing evolution and use of a system.

False

(T/F): When comparing alternative methods for making information systems identification and selection decisions, top management's selection decisions often involve a small system size and have a cross-functional focus.

False

One major concern that IT managers have about cloud computing is: A) security B) redundancy C) ease of use D) backward compatibility E) overuse

A) security

Creating uncomplicated software and software components that work to solve the current problem rather than creating complicated software designed for a future that may not come best defines: A) simple design B) activation C) refactoring D) normalization E) logic modeling

A) simple design

One type of cloud computing service that allows companies to run applications on servers maintained by a service provider is called: A) software as a service B) leaded computing C) hardware as a service D) storage on demand E) middleware as a service

A) software as a service

The origin and/or destination of data, sometimes referred to as external entities defines: A) source B) data store C) data flow D) process E) action stub

A) source

CASE is an example of: A) technique B) tool C) methodology D) data flow E) customer

A) technique

The point of contact where a system meets its environment or where subsystems meet each other best describes: A) boundary points B) interfaces C) contact points D) merge points E) forks

B) interfaces

Data-flow diagrams allow you to: A) show the timing of data flows B) model how data flow through an information system C) demonstrate the sequencing of activities D) show the relationship among entities E) represent the internal structure and functionality of processes

B) model how data flow through an information system

Testing to ensure that data conforms to a standard format is the purpose of the: A) missing data validation test B) pictures/templates validation test C) reasonableness validation test D) size validation test E) self-checking digits validation test

B) pictures/templates validation test

(T/F): As a general guideline, you should prepare an agenda with approximate time limits for different sections of the interview.

True

(T/F): CASE is an example of a tool.

True

(T/F): Collection of information is at the core of systems analysis.

True

(T/F): Components are most likely interrelated.

True

(T/F): Components are parts, or an aggregation of parts of the system.

True

(T/F): Critical path scheduling is a scheduling technique whose order and duration of a sequence of task activities directly affect the completion date of a project.

True

(T/F): Data on a customer form could be represented on a data-flow diagram as a data flow.

True

(T/F): Data-flow diagrams evolve from the more general to the more detailed as current and replacement systems are better understood.

True

(T/F): Despite all the alternative sources of software, in-house development is still an option.

True

(T/F): During alpha testing, users test a completed information system using simulated data.

True

(T/F): During beta testing, users test a completed information system using real data in the real user environment.

True

(T/F): During eXtreme Programming, all phases of the life cycle converge together into a series of activities based on the basic processes of coding, testing, listening, and designing.

True

(T/F): During requirements determination, information can be gathered from users of the current system, forms, reports, and procedures.

True

(T/F): Each row of a relation corresponds to a record that contains data values for an entity.

True

(T/F): Ease of installation is a measure of the difficulty of loading the software and making it operational.

True

(T/F): Employee identification number, name, address, and skill are examples of attributes.

True

(T/F): Generally speaking, legal and contractual feasibility is a greater consideration if your organization has historically used an outside organization for specific systems or services that you now are considering handling yourself.

True

(T/F): In UML, an object is represented by a rectangle with two compartments.

True

(T/F): In documents you can find information about special information processing circumstances that occur irregularly.

True

(T/F): In order to determine the resources required for project completion, an organization should analyze the project's scope and determine the project's probability of successful completion.

True

(T/F): In the systems development life cycle, it is possible to complete some activities in one phase in parallel with some activities of another phase.

True

(T/F): In theory, if there are six sets of requirements, four implementation environments, and five sources of application software, then there would be one hundred twenty possible design strategies.

True

(T/F): Indexes should be used generously for databases intended primarily to support data retrievals.

True

(T/F): Information systems personnel and end users are the two audiences for the final systems documentation.

True

(T/F): Involving the user in analysis and design is a key advantage to the prototyping technique.

True

(T/F): Methodologies are a sequence of step-by-step approaches that help to develop the information system.

True

(T/F): More than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single arrow as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package.

True

(T/F): Most techniques for analyzing economic feasibility employ the time value of money concept.

True

(T/F): Multiple key retrieval is possible with sequential file organization.

True

(T/F): Normalization helps build a data model that is simple, not redundant, and requires minimum maintenance.

True

(T/F): Notifying the user of the last page of a multipage sequence is a guideline for designing forms and reports.

True

(T/F): On a class diagram, the complete semantic constraint means that every instance must be an instance of some subclass.

True

(T/F): On a state diagram, an event is something that takes place at a certain point in time.

True

(T/F): On a use-case diagram, an "extends relationship" extends a use case by capturing additional actions or behaviors that need to be performed.

True

(T/F): On a use-case diagram, an actor is shown using a stick figure with its name below.

True

(T/F): Outsourcing can include having a firm develop and run another firm's application on its computers.

True

(T/F): Preventive maintenance requires the least maintenance effort.

True

(T/F): Project initiation focuses on activities that will help organize a team to conduct project planning.

True

(T/F): Project planning focuses on defining clear, discrete tasks and the work needed to complete each task.

True

(T/F): Projects are deemed a success or failure at project closedown.

True

(T/F): Proper and insightful project initiation and planning, including determining project scope and identifying project activities, can reduce the time needed to complete later project phases, including systems analysis.

True

(T/F): Referencing a walkthrough, the user makes sure that the work product meets the needs of the project's customers.

True

(T/F): Referencing interface layout guidelines, data fields should be grouped into logical categories with labels describing the contents of the category.

True

(T/F): Referencing interface layout guidelines, the standard screen navigation that users use to move between fields should be from left-to-right and top-to-bottom.

True

(T/F): Referential integrity specifies that the value of an attribute of one relation depends on the existence of the same attribute in another relation.

True

(T/F): Reverse engineering and reengineering tools are primarily used to maintain older systems that have incomplete documentation or that were developed prior to automated tools.

True

(T/F): Simple design refers to the creation of uncomplicated software and software components that work to solve the current problem rather than creating complicated software designed for a future that may not come.

True

(T/F): Site preparation is an example of a one-time cost.

True

(T/F): Sometimes the systems development life cycle (SDLC) is iterative.

True

(T/F): Systems analysis is the second phase of the systems development life cycle.

True

(T/F): Systems analysts are key to the systems development process.

True

(T/F): Task sequence depends on which tasks produce deliverables needed in other tasks, when critical resources are available, the constraints placed on the project by the client, and the process outlined in the SDLC.

True

(T/F): Techniques are processes that you, as an analyst, will follow to help ensure that your work is well thought-out, complete, and comprehensible to others on your project team.

True

(T/F): The Constructive Cost Model is a method for estimating a software project's size and cost.

True

(T/F): The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a notation that allows the modeler to specify, visualize, and construct the artifacts of software systems, as well as business models.

True

(T/F): The determination of which items are low in stock is represented on a data-flow diagram as a process.

True

(T/F): The end user is not the person in the organization most involved in the systems analysis and design process.

True

(T/F): The extensive involvement of users in the analysis and design process is a key part of many Agile Methodologies.

True

(T/F): The focus of project management is to ensure that systems development projects meet customer expectations and are delivered within budget and time constraints.

True

(T/F): The major outcomes and deliverables from project initiation and planning are the baseline project plan and the project scope statement.

True

(T/F): The minimum requirements for a new system are also its mandatory features.

True

(T/F): The object-oriented systems development life cycle progressively develops a representation of an object through the phases of analysis, design, and implementation.

True

(T/F): The overall philosophy behind eXtreme Programming is that code will be integrated into the system it is being developed for and texted within a few hours after it has been written.

True

(T/F): The systems design phase of the SDLC is analogous to the maintenance process of designing changes.

True

(T/F): The three key principles of Agile Methodologies include a focus on adaptive rather than predictive methodologies, a focus on people rather than roles, and a focus on a self-adaptive process.

True

(T/F): View integration is the last step of logical database design.

True

Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding data flows? A) A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves B) A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data go from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks C) A data flow from a data store means retrieve or use D) A data flow has a noun-phrase label E) A data flow has only one direction of flow between symbols

A) A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves

This type of user documentation allows users to test for proper system installation and then signify their acceptance of the new system and its documentation with their signatures. A) Acceptance sign-off B) User contract C) Request for Proposal (RFP) D) System verification E) Statement of Work

A) Acceptance sign-off

Which of the following refers to the time in which an activity can be completed without delaying the project? A) Latest expected completion time B) Earliest expected completion time C) Delay time D) End time E) Critical time

A) Latest expected completion time

If OrderNumber serves as the primary key in the ORDER relation and also appears as a non key attribute in the INVOICE relation, then OrderNumber is said to be a: A) foreign key B) candidate key C) pointer D) relationship key E) marker

A) foreign key

Dependence of one part of the system on one or more other system parts best describes: A) boundary B) interrelated components C) cohesion D) dependency E) component

B) interrelated components

The typical reuse level of facilitated reuse: A) varies B) is low C) is high D) is very high E) is moderate

B) is low

The structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market best defines: A) formal systems B) key business processes C) secondary activities D) production systems E) primary processes

B) key business processes

The use of small, simple images to allow a Web page to be displayed more quickly best describes: A) icons B) lightweight graphics C) cookie crumbs D) MPEG files E) template-based HTML

B) lightweight graphics

The current value of a future cash flow is referred to as: A) future value B) present value C) investment value D) discount rate E) cash flow rate

B) present value

_____ results in smaller and less complex systems that are easier to understand than larger, complicated systems. A) Cohesion B) Compaction C) Modularity D) Chopping E) Reduction

C) Modularity

Two criteria that are always among the most important when choosing software are: A) ease of installation and flexibility B) response time and vendor support C) vendor support and vendor viability D) cost and functionality E) functionality and documentation

C) vendor support and vendor viability

Which of the following is NOT a process modeling deliverable? A) A context data-flow diagram B) Thorough descriptions of each DFD component C) DFDs of the current physical system D) An entity relationship diagram E) DFDs of the new logical system

D) An entity relationship diagram

During which of the following project planning activities do you use the information regarding tasks and resource availability to assign time estimates to each activity in the work breakdown structure? A) Dividing the project into manageable tasks B) Describing project scope, alternatives, and feasibility C) Setting a baseline project plan D) Developing a preliminary schedule E) Developing a project scope statement

D) Developing a preliminary schedule

Today, systems development focuses on: A) modularity B) coupling C) decomposition D) systems integration E) systems implementation

D) systems integration

In terms of criteria to consider when choosing off-the-shelf software, documentation refers to all of the following EXCEPT: A) user's manuals B) technical documentation C) the cost for multiple copies D) the baseline project plan E) how understandable the documentation is

D) the baseline project plan

An organization should acquire software from in-house developers when: A) the supported task is generic B) complete systems that cross functional boundaries are needed C) the task requires custom support and the system cannot be built internally D) the resources and staff are available and the system must be built from scratch E) there is a pre-built option

D) the resources and staff are available and the system must be built from scratch

A relation that contains a minimum amount of redundancy and allows users to insert, modify, and delete the rows in a table without errors or inconsistencies is a(n): A) independent relation B) simple relation C) unnormalized relation D) well-structured relation E) derived relation

D) well-structured relation

Which of the following is a critical factor for distinguishing agile and traditional approaches to systems development? A) Static B) State C) CRM D) ERD E) Criticality

E) Criticality

In the Planning Game, which of the following refers to the individuals who are actually designing and constructing the system? A) Facilitator B) Constructor C) Business D) Scribe E) Development

E) Development

Defining the necessary activities required to organize the initiation team while they are working to define the scope of the project is the focus of which of the following activities? A) Establishing the project initiation team B) Establishing management procedures C) Establishing the project management environment and project workbook D) Dividing the project into manageable tasks E) Establishing the project initation plan

E) Establishing the project initiation plan

Which of the following is NOT a project management phase? A) Closing down the project B) Planning the project C) Executing the project D) Initiating the project E) Implementing the project

E) Implementing the project

In which SDLC phase is the information system coded, tested, and installed in the organization? A) Systems planning and selection B) Systems replacement C) Systems analysis D) Systems design E) Systems implementation and operation

E) Systems implementation and operation

The primary deliverable from the project identification and selection phase is: A) a context data flow diagram B) at least three substantively different system design strategies for building the replacement information system C) the development of a new version of the software and new versions of all design documents D) an entity relationship diagram E) a schedule of specific IS development projects

E) a schedule of specific IS development projects

eXtreme Programming: A) focuses on automated tests written by programmers and customers to monitor the process of development B) is distinguished by its short development cycles C) uses two-person programming teams D) has a customer on-site during the development process E) does all of the above

E) does all of the above

According to the Agile Software Development Manifesto, the seventeen anarchists came to value: A) comprehensive documentation B) following a plan C) roles over individuals D) contract negotiation E) individuals and interactions over processes and tools

E) individuals and interactions over processes and tools

(T/F): A baseline project plan is developed during the project execution phase.

False

(T/F): A behavior is a set of objects that share a common structure and a common behavior.

False

(T/F): A concrete class is a class that has no direct instances, but whose descendants may have direct instances.

False

(T/F): A data flow can go directly back to the same process it leaves.

False

(T/F): A good number of alternatives to generate is five.

False

(T/F): A use case participates in relationships with actors, not other use cases.

False

(T/F): According to the Agile Software Development Manifesto, the seventeen anarchists agreed to deliver working software only after it had been thoroughly tested, even if it means waiting several months to deliver the software.

False

(T/F): Projects identified by top management have a cross-functional focus.

False

(T/F): Rapid process redesign is the search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services.

False

(T/F): Strategic business goals of the organization must be matched to the organizations approach to off-the-shelf software.

False

(T/F): Systems analysis is the first phase of the systems development life cycle.

False

(T/F): Techniques generally only provide support for one task.

False

(T/F): The JAD approach is used for designing interfaces and dialogues.

False

(T/F): The baseline project plan (BPP) is the primary deliverable from the project identification and selection phase.

False

(T/F): The calculation of a student's grade is represented on a data-flow diagram as a data flow.

False

(T/F): The decomposition of Process 1.1 would be shown on a level-1 diagram.

False

(T/F): The hallway discussion project team communication method has a medium to a high formality rating.

False

(T/F): The network database model is a popular database technology for new information systems.

False

(T/F): The objective of return on investment (ROI) analysis is to discover at what point cumulative benefits equal costs.

False

(T/F): A company may consider outsourcing if it feels that its core mission does not involve managing an information systems unit and that it might achieve more effective computing by turning over all of its operations to a more experienced, computer-oriented company.

True

(T/F): A risk associated with the parallel installation approach is that there may be a delay until benefits result.

True

(T/F): When classes are generalized, the classes that are generalized are called subclasses

True

(T/F): When comparing observations and document analysis, the time required for document analysis is rated as low to moderate.

True

(T/F): When designing textual output, the text's case should be displayed in mixed upper- and lowercase.

True

(T/F): When executing the baseline project plan, the project manager will initiate the execution of project activities, acquire and assign resources, orient and train new team members, keep the project on schedule, and assure the quality of project deliverables.

True

(T/F): When two relations, A and B, have a many-to-many relationship, we create a separate relation, C, to represent this.

True

The primary deliverables from requirements determination include: A) a completed prototype B) a completed system C) a final systems design document D) a draft systems design document E) identifying a steering committee

A) a completed prototype

Pessimistic time refers to: A) the maximum period of time for an activity to be completed B) the minimum period of time for an activity to be completed C) the planner's "best guess" of the amount of time the activity will actually require for completion D) the maximum period of time for an entire project to be completed E) the average period of time for an activity to be completed

A) the maximum period of time for an activity to be completed

Reusing software results in a higher quality application because: A) the software has been tested more when used previously B) the cost is lower C) there is less staff time needed to complete the project D) the code is better written E) the software is more efficient

A) the software has been tested more when used previously

Which of the following is one of the three primary activities associated with identifying and selecting IS development projects? A) Preliminary investigation of the system problem or opportunity B) Identification of potential development projects C) Requirements determination D) Generate alternative initial designs E) Requirements structuring

B) Identification of potential development projects

This plan lays out a strategy for moving from the old system to the new. A) Systems service request B) Installation plan C) Training plan D) Testing plan E) Conversion guide

B) Installation plan

Which of the following is a disadvantage of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems? A) The systems are too simple B) Lack of in-house expertise C) Always requires new hardware D) Become outdated quickly E) ERP systems are not secure

B) Lack of in-house expertise

With managed reuse, the development, sharing, and adoption of reusable assets is: A) encouraged B) mandated C) discouraged D) minimal E) All of these are correct

B) mandated

The extent to which subsystems depend on each other is called: A) cohesion B) coupling C) inheritance D) morphism E) dependence

B) coupling

A controlled process of initiating, planning, executing, and closing down a project best defines: A) systems development B) project management C) project development D) systems management E) systems development technique

B) project management

Which of the following is the systems development era that spawned the structured analysis and structured design approaches to systems development? A) Developer-as-artist B) Facilitator-as-developer C) Developer-as-engineer D) Developer-as-integrator E) User-as-developer

C) Developer-as-engineer

Which of the following is the responsibility of testing managers? A) Developing marketing plans B) Integrating data and metadata C) Establishing testing standards D) Ensuring that trainees don't pass E) Requiring online testing

C) Establishing testing standards

Which of the following is a project planning activity? A) Establishing management procedures B) Establishing a relationship with the customer C) Estimating resources and creating a resource plan D) Establishing the project management environment and project workbook E) Establishing the project initiation plan

C) Estimating resources and creating a resource plan

Which of the following is a true statement regarding high-end alternatives? A) High-end alternative design strategies often do not involve computer technology; instead they focus on making paper flows more efficient or reducing redundancies in current processes B) High-end alternative design strategies represent compromise solutions C) Functionality is the primary focus of high-end alternative design strategies D) High-end alternative design strategies provide all the required functionality users demand with a system that is minimally different from the current system E) None of these are correct

C) Functionality is the primary focus of high-end alternative design strategies

Influencing the activities of others toward the attainment of a common goal through the use of intelligence, personality, and abilities refer to which of the following project manager activities? A) Conflict management B) Management C) Leadership D) Team management E) Customer relations

C) Leadership

Which of the following is NOT a project planning activity? A) Setting a baseline project plan B) Identifying and assessing risk C) Determining project standards and procedures D) Establishing management procedures E) Developing a project charter

D) Establishing management procedures

Which of the following is NOT a result of reuse? A) Higher-quality software B) Lower defect rates C) Decreased maintenance costs D) Higher defect rates E) Increased maintenance costs

D) Higher defect rates

Which of the following would the Agile Software Development anarchists place more value on? A) Following a plan B) Contract negotiations C) Team member roles D) Individuals and interactions E) Comprehensive documentation

D) Individuals and interactions

Which of the following is a direct result of decomposition? A) Coupling B) Open systems C) Cohesion D) Modularity E) Interfaces

D) Modularity

Which of the following encompasses an object's properties and the values those properties have? A) Incorporation B) Class C) Behavior D) State E) Encapsulation

D) State

A report: A) indicates the inputs required for the new system B) describes how a particular job or task is performed, including data and information that are used and created in the process of performing the job C) indicates what data flow in or out of a system and which are necessary for the system to function D) enables you to work backward from the information on the document and identify the data that must have been necessary to generate it E) does none of these

D) enables you to work backward from the information on the document and identify the data that must have been necessary to generate it

A person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data refers to a(n): A) attribute B) data element C) relationship D) entity E) process

D) entity

Each of the following are descriptive of Agile Methodologies EXCEPT: A) simple design and continuous refactoring are excellent for highly dynamic environments but are a source of potentially expensive rework for highly stable environments B) requires a continuous presence of a critical mass of scarce experts C) thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having many degrees of freedom D) well-matched to small products and teams E) detailed plans and Big Design Up Front are excellent for highly stable environments but are a source of expensive rework for highly dynamic environments

E) detailed plans and Big Design Up Front are excellent for highly stable environments but are a source of expensive rework for highly dynamic environments

All of the following are common criteria to consider when selecting off-the-shelf software EXCEPT: A) flexibility B) vendor viability C) functionality D) cost E) needs of staff

E) needs of staff

A group of interrelated procedures used for a business function, with an identifiable boundary, working together for some purpose, best defines: A) environment B) system component C) constraint D) interface E) system

E) system

Traditional methods for software development are preferred for each of the following EXCEPT: A) projects dealing with safety-critical systems B) the system being developed with operate in a stable environment C) when the project is operating under a fixed-price or fixed-scope contract D) a large development team, exceeding 100 or more people E) unpredictable or dynamic requirements

E) unpredictable or dynamic requirements

(T/F): Analysts should consider substituting single-attribute surrogate keys for large composite keys.

True

(T/F): Application software is also called a system.

True

When each nonprimary key attribute is identified by the whole key, the relation is said to be in at least: A) second normal form B) third normal form C) fourth normal form D) fifth normal form E) a relational form

A) second normal form

A major outcome and deliverable from project initiation and planning that reflects the best estimate of the project's scope, benefits, costs, risks, and resource requirements defines the: A) Baseline Project Plan B) Information Systems Plan C) Mission Statement D) Resource Requirements Statement E) Systems Service Request

A) Baseline Project Plan

In which object-oriented systems development life cycle phase are the application-oriented analysis models adapted and refined to suit the target implementation environment? A) Design B) Planning C) Analysis D) Implementation E) Selection

A) Design

Which of the following is NOT a function of decomposition? A) Permit different parts of the system to be built at the same time by the same person B) Allow attention to be concentrated on the part of the system pertinent to a particular audience, without confusing people with details irrelevant to their interests C) Facilitate the focusing of attention on one area (subsystem) at a time without interference from other parts D) Break a system into smaller, more manageable and understandable subsystems E) Build different parts of the system at independent times and have the help of different analysts

A) Permit different parts of the system to be built at the same time by the same person

During eXtreme Programming, the techniques used for requirements determination are captured in the: A) Planning Game B) venting session C) Iteration Planning Game D) walkthrough session E) Product Determination Game

A) Planning Game

Exploration, commitment, and steering are phases associated with: A) Planning Game B) Structured Analysis C) RUP D) RAD E) JAD

A) Planning Game

The extent to which the project is viewed as improving profits, customer service, etc., and the duration of these benefits best defines which of the following evaluation criteria? A) Potential benefits B) Resource availability C) Technical difficulty or risks D) Strategic alignment E) Value chain analysis

A) Potential benefits

Which of the following describes the internal staffing requirements when software components are acquired from enterprise-wide solutions providers? A) Some internal staff are necessary, but mostly consultants are needed B) Some IS and user staff to define requirements and evaluate packages are needed C) Internal staff may be needed, depending on the application D) Internal staff are necessary, though staff size may vary E) None of these are correct

A) Some internal staff are necessary, but mostly consultants are needed

Which of the following properties should be satisfied when the identifier of the entity type becomes the primary key of the corresponding relation? A) The value of the key must uniquely identify every row in the relation B) The key should serve as a foreign key in at least two other relations C) The key must be a composite of a primary key and a secondary key D) The key should be an intelligent key E) The key should allow for null values

A) The value of the key must uniquely identify every row in the relation

The objective of the project planning process is the development of: A) a Baseline Project Plan and Project Scope Statement B) a Systems Service Request C) entity relationship diagrams D) corporate strategic plan E) an information systems plan

A) a Baseline Project Plan and Project Scope Statement

The key principles of the Agile Methodologies does not include: A) a focus on documentation B) a focus on adaptive rather than predictive methodologies C) a focus on talented people D) a self-adaptive process E) a focus on people rather than roles

A) a focus on documentation

For a binary many-to-many relationship existing between entity types A and B: A) a separate relation C is created; the primary key of relation C is a composite key consisting of the primary key for each of the two entities in the relationship B) the primary keys of relation A and relation B become foreign keys in a new relation C C) secondary keys are used to establish the relationship D) place the primary key of either entity in the relation for the other entity or do this for both entities E) Entity A and B are merged into one

A) a separate relation C is created; the primary key of relation C is a composite key consisting of the primary key for each of the two entities in the relationship

Potential development projects with a cross-functional focus are often identified by: A) a steering committee B) top management C) a senior IS manager D) individual departments E) customers

A) a steering committee

For a binary one-to-one relationship between two entities A and B, the relationship is represented by: A) adding the primary key of A as a foreign key of B B) adding the primary key of C as a foreign key of D C) combining the two entities into one relation D) creating a third relation to represent the relationship between the two entities E) deleting the primary keys

A) adding the primary key of A as a foreign key of B

The provision of computing resources over the Internet so that customers do not need to invest in infrastructure is called: A) cloud computing B) raindrop computing C) leased computing D) centralized computing E) backbone computing

A) cloud computing

Determining the strengths and weaknesses of project deliverables, the processes used to create them, and the project management process is done during: A) conducting post project reviews B) closing down the project C) establishing the communication plan D) communicating the project status E) closing the customer contract

A) conducting post project reviews

The diagram that shows the scope of the system, indicating what elements are inside and outside the system, is called a: A) context diagram B) level-2 diaram C) referencing diagram D) representative diagram E) decomposition diagram

A) context diagram

The interest rate used to compute the present value of future cash flows refers to: A) discount rate B) investment rate C) transfer rate D) future cash flow rate E) valuation rate

A) discount rate

The semantic constraint specifying that no instance can be an instance of more than one subclass at the same time is: A) disjoint B) aggregation C) overlapping D) complete E) incomplete

A) disjoint

The technique where users must confirm their intention twice before being allowed to proceed is called: A) double-confirmation B) double-checking C) replacement confirmation D) validity confirmation E) feedback confirmation

A) double-confirmation

A single occurrence of an entity type defines: A) entity instance B) entity appearance C) attribute D) data element E) multivalued attribute

A) entity instance

A collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics best defines: A) entity type B) entity instance C) entity occurrence D) entity collection E) data set

A) entity type

Form and report design: A) generally follows a prototyping approach B) generally follows a structured methodology C) generally follows a structured design approach D) generally follows a structured analysis approach E) uses Structured English to prepare the design specifications

A) generally follows a prototyping approach

Interpersonal skills: A) help you work with end users, as well as other analysts and programmers B) help you understand the potential and the limitations of information technology C) help you manage projects, resources, risk, and change D) enable you to understand the organization and its functions, to identify opportunities and problems, and to analyze and solve problems E) promote an understanding of the different types of information systems

A) help you work with end users, as well as other analysts and programmers

The relative cost of ad hoc reuse is: A) low B) none C) moderate D) high E) extremely high

A) low

Identifying mandatory features by surveying users and other stakeholders who have been involved in requirements determination would occur: A) near the end of the analysis phase, after all requirements have been structured and analyzed B) near the end of the project identification and selection phase, after a formal request to conduct a project to design and develop an information systems solution has been approved C) during the logical design phase, while detailed function specifications of all data, forms, reports, screens, and processing rules for all aspects of the system are prepared D) during systems planning and selection E) during systems implementation and operation

A) near the end of the analysis phase, after all requirements have been structured and analyzed

A set of objects that share a common structure and a common behavior best defines: A) object class B) entity C) object collection D) encapsulation E) multiplicity

A) object class

Reuse typically refers to using previously written: A) objects and components B) use cases C) documentation D) business cases E) requests for proposals

A) objects and components

During _____, programmers make the changes that users ask for and modify the system to reflect changing business conditions. A) operation B) planning C) coding D) cutover E) development

A) operation

Building a scaled-down version of the desired system best describes: A) prototyping B) Agile Methodologies C) joint application design D) reengineering analysis E) rapid application development

A) prototyping

A cost resulting from the ongoing evolution and use of a system best defines a(n): A) recurring cost B) one-time cost C) incremental cost D) frequent cost E) variable cost

A) recurring cost

Making a program simpler after adding a new feature best defines: A) refactoring B) activation C) logic modeling D) simple design E) normalization

A) refactoring

Slack time is equal to: A) the difference between an activity's latest and earliest expected completion time B) the latest expected completion time C) the difference between the start time and realistic time for each activity D) the sum of an activity's latest and earliest expected completion time E) the difference between the optimistic time and pessimistic time for an activity

A) the difference between an activity's latest and earliest expected completion time

Which of the following is a true statement regarding midrange alternatives? A) Midrange alternative design strategies often do not involve computer technology; instead they focus on making paper flows more efficient or reducing redundancies in current processes B) Midrange alternative design strategies represent compromise solutions C) Functionality is the primary focus of midrange alternative design strategies D) Midrange alternative design strategies provide all the required functionality users demand with a system that is minimally different from the current system E) Midrange alternative design strategies provide all the desired features using advanced technologies that often allow the system to expand to meet future requirements

B) Midrange alternative design strategies represent compromise solutions

Which of the following is a stylized approach to development used during eXtreme Programming that seeks to maximize fruitful interaction between those who need a new system and those who build it? A) Walkthrough session B) Planning Game C) Iteration Planning Game D) Venting session E) Product Determination Game

B) Planning Game

Which of the following is NOT an approach to systems development? A) Prototyping B) Reengineering analysis C) Joint application design D) Agile Methodologies E) Rapid application development

B) Reengineering analysis

Which of the following describes the internal staffing requirements when software components are acquired from packaged software producers? A) Some internal staff are necessary, but mostly consultants are needed B) some information systems (IS) and user staff to define requirements and evaluate packages are needed C) Internal staff may be needed, depending on the application D) Internal staff are necessary, though staff size may vary E) None of these are correct

B) Some information systems (IS) and user staff to define requirements and evaluate packages are needed

Which of the following is a true statement? A) The UML notation only works with ecommerce application and not with traditional systems B) The UML notation is useful for graphically depicting object-oriented analysis and design models C) The UML notation only works with traditional systems and not for ecommerce applications D) The UML notation does not allow you to specify the requirements of a system and capture design decisions E) The UML notation discourages communication among key persons involved in the development effort

B) The UML notation is useful for graphically depicting object-oriented analysis and design models

An attribute that can have more than one value for each entity instance is referred to as: A) a gerund B) a multivalued attribute C) a nonexclusive attribute D) a data replica E) composite attribute

B) a multivalued attribute

The primary deliverable from the conceptual data-modeling step within the analysis phase is: A) a state-transition diagram B) an entity-relationship diagram C) a context data flow diagram D) a decision table E) Structured English

B) an entity-relationship diagram

One reason that an organization would totally outsource its information systems is: A) to ensure a quality system B) because of organizational problems C) to maintain more local control D) to avoid a hostile takeover E) to keep the organization running smoothly

B) because of organizational problems

The analysis technique that finds the amount of time required for the cumulative cash flow from a project to equal its initial and ongoing investment is referred to as: A) return on investment (ROI) B) break-even analysis (BEA) C) net present value (NPV) D) future value (FV) E) currency rate analysis (CRA)

B) break-even analysis (BEA)

Prototyping is most useful for requirements determination when: A) user requirements are well understood B) communication problems have existed in the past between users and analysts C) possible designs are simple and require an abstract form to fully evaluate D) multiple stakeholders are involved with the system E) data are not readily available

B) communication problems have existed in the past between users and analysts

The extent to which subsystems depend on each other refers to: A) modularity B) coupling C) decomposition D) dependence E) cohesion

B) coupling

Data contained on a customer order form would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a: A) process B) data flow C) source D) sink E) relationship

B) data flow

Student data contained on an enrollment form would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a: A) process B) data flow C) source D) data store E) relationship

B) data flow

A written work procedure: A) indicates the job an analyst will need to perform on a given project B) describes how a particular job or task is performed C) indicates what data flow in or out of a system and which are necessary for the system to function D) enables you to work backwards from the information on a report to the data that must have been necessary to generate it E) determines if the information makes sense for the organization from an economic and operational standpoint

B) describes how a particular job or task is performed

The guideline specifying that dialogues be simple for users to enter information and navigate between screens is: A) navigation B) ease C) shortcuts and sequence D) reversal E) feedback

B) ease

Technical skills: A) help you work with end users, as well as other analysts and programmers B) help you understand the potential and the limitations of information technology C) help you manage projects, resources, risk, and change D) enable you to understand the organization and its functions, to identify opportunities and problems, and to analyze and solve problems E) promote an understanding of the different types of information systems

B) help you understand the potential and the limitations of information technology

A testing technique in which participants examine program code for predictable language-specific errors defines: A) walkthrough B) inspections C) desk checking D) syntax checking E) integration testing

B) inspections

During Agile Usage-Centered Design, when a "clump" of similar cards is worked with, this is called: A) requirements model B) interaction context C) task model D) design model E) role model

B) interaction context

The point of contact where a system meets its environment or other subsystems is called a(n): A) component B) interface C) border D) object E) fence

B) interface

During the Iteration Planning Game's steering phase: A) business creates a Story Card for something it wants the new system to do B) programmers write the code for a feature, test it, and if it works, they integrate the feature into the product being developed C) programmers accept responsibility for tasks and balance their workloads D) business seeks how the development process is progressing and works with Development to adjust the plan accordingly E) programmers convert Story Cards into Task Cards

B) programmers write the code for a feature, test it, and if it works, they integrate the feature into the product being developed

Arguably, the most instrumental person to the successful completion of any project is the: A) chief information officer B) project manager C) end user D) staff consultant E) department manager

B) project manager

Money can be made from open source software by: A) selling source code B) providing maintenance and other services C) communities of interested people D) adding to the code base E) selling documentation to the open-source community

B) providing mainenance and other services

A systems development methodology created to radically decrease the time needed to design and implement information systems best describes: A) Participatory Design (PD) B) rapid application development C) joint application design D) CASE E) Agile Methodologies

B) rapid application development

An information system interacts with its environment by: A) processing data B) receiving data C) XML protocols D) systems analysts E) sending data

B) receiving data

The primary concern about cloud computing is: A) cost B) reliability C) compliance with standards D) dependability E) sustainability

B) reliability

The document sent to vendors asking them to propose hardware and software that will meet the requirements of your new system is called a: A) requirements statement B) request for proposal (RFP) C) baseline project plan D) business case E) systems service request

B) request for proposal (RFP)

How long it takes for a software package to respond to user's requests is called: A) recurrent time B) response time C) activation time D) lag time E) run time

B) response time

The part of a decision table that links conditions to actions is the section that contains the: A) action statements B) rules C) condition statements D) decision stubs E) relationship stubs

B) rules

All of the following are central to software engineering processes EXCEPT: A) methodologies B) sequences C) techniques D) tools E) CASE tools

B) sequences

Enumerating different potential implementation environments that could be used to deliver the different sets of capabilities occurs during the: A) requirements structuring step of the analysis phase B) shaping alternative system design strategies phase C) testing step of the implementation and operation phase D) project initiation and planning step of the planning and selection phase E) designing the human interface step of the design phase

B) shaping alternative system design strategies phase

The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project refers to: A) noncritical time B) slack time C) down time D) delay time E) stop time

B) slack time

A supplier of auto parts to your company would be represented on a data-flow diagram as a: A) process B) source C) data flow D) data store E) relationship

B) source

The organizational role most responsible for the analysis and design of information systems best describes a: A) business manager B) systems analyst C) chief information officer D) database analyst E) network administrator

B) systems analyst

Organizations use a standard set of steps to develop and support their information systems, which is called the: A) system design model B) systems development methodology C) waterform model D) becker methodology E) systems programming methodology

B) systems development methodology

Optimistic time refers to: A) the maximum period of time for an activity to be completed B) the minimum period of time for an activity to be completed C) the planner's "best guess" of the amount of time the activity actually will require for completion D) the maximum period of time for an entire project to be completed E) the average period of time for an activity to be completed

B) the minimum period of time for an activity to be completed

CASE software is an example of a: A) technique B) tool C) methodology D) data flow E) customer

B) tool

The dependence of nonprimary key attributes on other nonprimary key attributes best describes a: A) relationship dependency B) transitive dependency C) weak attribute D) weak entity E) weak relationship

B) transitive dependency

Written or other visual information about an application system, how it works, and how to use it best defines: A) system documentation B) user documentation C) internal documentation D) external documentation E) application documentation

B) user documentation

Having a level-1 diagram with no level-0 diagram is an example of a: A) violation of completeness B) violation of consistency C) balancing error D) structuring violation E) cohesion error

B) violation of consistency

The process of dividing the project into manageable tasks and logically ordering them to ensure a smooth evolution between tasks defines: A) task division B) work breakdown structure C) work structuring D) project division E) critical path scheduling

B) work breakdown structure

Which of the following is a reason for directly observing end users? A) The analyst gets a snapshot image of the person or task being observed B) Observations are not very time consuming C) People often do not have a completely accurate appreciation of what they do or how they do it D) Employees will alter their performance if they know that they are being observed E) Interviewing is less rich, passive, and often provides ambiguous data

C) People often do not have a completely accurate appreciation of what they do or how they do it

A technique that uses optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic time to calculate the expected time for a particular task best defines: A) Gantt B) Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) C) Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) D) flowcharting E) Unified Modeling Language (UML)

C) Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

Which of the following is NOT a rule for structuring data entry fields? A) Never require the user to enter information that is already available within the system B) Users should enter current dates into the form C) Require users to specify the dimensional units of a particular value D) All data entered onto a screen should automatically justify in a standard format E) Always place a caption adjacent to fields

C) Require users to specify the dimensional units of a particular value

Which of the following is a subphase of analysis? A) Project identification B) Project planning C) Requirements determination D) Database design E) Human interface design

C) Requirements determination

In the Planning Game, which of the following are cards that contain a description of a procedure or feature to be included in the system? A) Design Cards B) Requirement Cards C) Story Cards D) Specification Cards E) Reference Cards

C) Story Cards

Which of the following is a true statement? A) Agile Development formally started in 1970 B) The developer-as-scam-artists systems development era was marked by a lack of documentation and development tools and by a high degree of dependence on the developer for the continued ongoing operation of the system he or she had created C) The Agile Methodologies era favors close cooperation between developers and clients D) Agile Development formally started in 1972 E) During the developers-as-artists systems development era, principles from engineering were applied to development

C) The Agile Methodologies era favors close cooperation between developers and clients

Which of the following are organizational components that a systems analyst needs to understand? A) Non-key events affecting data values (not including dates) B) Policies and guidelines that are not related to the nature of the business C) The sequence and other dependencies among different data-handling activities D) The data handled by competitors E) Departmental Politics

C) The sequence and other dependencies among different data-handling activities

Software that cannot be modified to meet the particular needs of an organization is called a(n): A) Vanilla System B) ERP system C) Turnkey system D) Software as a Service System E) Turnbuckle System

C) Turnkey system

Which of the following are general guidelines for displaying tables and lists? A) All columns and rows should not contain labels B) Place three blank lines between every five rows in long columns C) Use the same family of typefaces within and across displays and reports D) Do not include white space on printed reports for the user to write notes E) Rows should be limited to 1000

C) Use the same family of typefaces within and across displays and reports

During Agile Usage-Centered Design, which of the following allows individuals to get their complaints out in the open? A) The use of 3 x 5 cards B) Refactoring session C) Venting session D) Current system review session E) JAD session

C) Venting session

Which of the following is NOT an eXtreme Programming advantage? A) More communication among developers B) Reinforcement of the other practices in eXtreme Programming C) Very useful for large development teams D) Higher levels of productivity E) Higher-quality code

C) Very useful for large development teams

When designing a form or report, which of the following is a fundamental question? A) Who will pay for the form or report? B) What reports will be removed? C) When is the form or report needed and used? D) Where will the report be housed? E) How will the report be marketed?

C) When is the form or report needed and used?

The typical participants in a JAD include: A) the CEO B) a city official C) a systems analyst D) a customer E) academic faculty

C) a systems analyst

Your primary responsibility as a systems analyst concerns: A) people B) hardware C) application software development D) controls E) documentation and training materials

C) application software development

A manner that represents how an object acts and reacts best describes: A) property B) attribute C) behavior D) event E) state

C) behavior

Reviewing computer screens, reports, and business forms for the purpose of gaining an understanding of data is indicative of the: A) investigative approach B) business approach C) bottom-up approach D) top-down approach E) conceptual approach

C) bottom-up approach

Rating a response or idea on some scale, say from strongly agree to strongly disagree, would be classified as a(n): A) open-ended question B) stratified question C) closed-ended questions D) contemporary question E) structured question

C) closed-ended questions

The responsibility for keeping all team members informed of the project status best describes: A) monitoring project progress against the baseline project plan B) executing the baseline plan C) communicating the project status D) updating project status E) establishing the project initiation plan

C) communicating the project status

Skills that include interpreting system requests and specifications, site preparation and user training, and contact point for customers best represent: A) leadership B) management C) customer relations D) conflict management E) team management

C) customer relations

The act of going from a single system to several component processes refers to: A) structuring B) balancing C) decomposition D) formatting E) regeneration

C) decomposition

During the Iteration Planning Game's exploration phase: A) business creates a Story Card for something it wants the new system to do B) business sorts the Story Cards based on feature requirements C) programmers convert Story Cards into Task Cards D) business sees how the development process is progressing and works with Development to adjust the plan accordingly E) programmers accept responsibility for tasks and balance their workloads

C) programmers convert Story Cards into Task Cards

Activities designed to assist in organizing a team to conduct project planning is the focus of: A) project development B) project identification and selection C) project initiation D) analysis E) implementation and operation

C) project initiation

All of the following are reasons to go with cloud computing EXCEPT: A) freeing internal IT staff B) gaining access to applications faster C) reduced development time D) achieving lower cost access to corporate-quality applications E) access to large and complex applications without having to implement the system in-house

C) reduced development time

A centralized database that contains all diagrams, forms and report definitions, data structure, data definitions, process flows and logic, and definitions of other organizational and system components best describes a(n): A) information safe B) code generator C) repository D) data generator E) project database

C) repository

Any person, group of people, piece of equipment, or material used in accomplishing an activity is referred to as a(n): A) entity B) agent C) resource D) identifier E) expense

C) resource

When working with ERP systems, a _____ ensures more accurate and consistent data. A) software vendor B) depository C) single repository D) sentinel E) data guardian

C) single repository

In addition to operating systems, e-mail, databases and Web browsers, open source software also includes: A) hardware B) machine code C) software components and objects D) firmware E) proprietary software

C) software components and objects

A peer-group review of any product created during the systems development process is called a: A) baseline project plan B) structured workflow C) structured walkthrough D) statement of work E) None of these

C) structured walkthrough

Conceptual data modeling is typically done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps during: A) systems planning and selection B) systems design C) systems analysis D) systems implementation and operation E) systems evaluation

C) systems analysis

A description of the alternative solution recommended by the analysis team is provided during the: A) systems planning and selection phase B) systems design phase C) systems analysis phase D) systems implementation and operation phase E) systems alternative selection phase

C) systems analysis phase

To gain an understanding of the organization's ability to construct the proposed system is the goal of: A) operational feasibility B) schedule feasibility C) technical feasibility D) political feasibility E) construction feasibility

C) technical feasibility

Open-source software has enjoyed its success due to: A) the price B) large software companies C) the Internet D) the SDLC E) volume discounts

C) the Internet

Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding a relation? A) Each relation consists of a set of named columns and an arbitrary number of unnamed rows B) Each column in a relation corresponds to an attribute of that relation C) An entry at the intersection of each row and column has a single value D) The columns may not be interchanged or stored any sequence E) The rows may be interchanged or stored in any sequence

D) The columns may not be interchanged or stored any sequence

Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding network diagrams? A) All activities with a slack time equal to zero are on the critical path B) Nodes not on the critical path can be delayed (for some amount of time) without delaying the final completion of the project C) The latest expected completion time refers to the time in which an activity can be completed without delaying the project D) To construct a network diagram, a horizontal bar is drawn for each activity that reflects its sequence and duration E) The critical path of a network diagram is represented by the sequence of connected activities that produce the longest overall time period

D) To construct a network diagram, a horizontal bar is drawn for each activity that reflects its sequence and duration

The output of the systems planning and selection phase is: A) a description of the alternative solution recommended by the analysis team B) a detailed project proposal C) a basic project plan D) a baseline project plan E) a cost benefit analysis

D) a baseline project plan

When reviewing job procedures, you may find: A) data defintion conflicts B) duplicate CEOs C) data manipulation conflicts D) a contradiction between a formal procedure and interview or observation results E) competitors mission statements

D) a contradiction between a formal procedure and interview or observation results

A relationship between object classes best defines: A) encapsulation B) integration C) scope D) association E) composition

D) association

An object cannot: A) be a concept B) be a tangible entity C) be an artifact of the design process D) be a verb E) be an event

D) be a verb

During the Planning Game's commitment phase: A) development sorts the Story Cards based on risk B) business creates a Story Card for something it wants the new system to do C) programmers accept responsibility for tasks and balance their workloads D) business sorts the Story Cards based on feature requirements E) programmers convert Story Cards into Task Cards

D) business sorts the Story Cards based on feature requirements

The information system includes all of the following EXCEPT: A) hardware and software B) training materials C) people who use the software D) capital investment E) controls

D) capital investment

All of the following are constraints EXCEPT: A) due dates B) regulations C) limited number of staff available D) choice of programming language E) speed of system

D) choice of programming language

Showing the static structure of an object-oriented model: the object classes, their internal structure, and the relationships in which they participate is the purpose of a: A) component diagram B) collaboration diagram C) sequence diagram D) class diagram E) use-case diagram

D) class diagram

The one type of reuse that is mandated is called: A) ad hoc reuse B) facilitated reuse C) managed reuse D) designed reuse E) designated reuse

D) designed reuse

Which of the following is distinguished by its short development cycles, its incremental planning approach, its focus on automated tests written by programmers and customers to monitor the process of development, and its reliance on an evolutionary approach to development that lasts throughout the lifetime of the system? A) Nominal group technique B) DRM C) JAD D) eXtreme Programming E) OCP

D) eXtreme Programming

When an organization encourages and supports use with limited resources, infrastructure, and policies to make reuse easier, they are said to be engaged in: A) ad hoc reuse B) managed reuse C) ex ante reuse D) facilitated reuse E) designed reuse

D) facilitated reuse

In terms of criteria to consider when choosing off-the-shelf software, ease of customization is also referred to as: A) response time B) documentation C) functionality D) flexibility E) development time

D) flexibility

The process of discovering discrepancies between two or more sets of data-flow diagrams or discrepancies within a single DFD is referred to as: A) requirements structuring B) logic modeling C) DFD validation D) gap analysis E) DFD stress testing

D) gap analysis

Disruptive technologies include: A) cash B) accounts receivable C) a calculator D) high-performance computing E) systems analysis

D) high-performance computing

Tangible benefits would include: A) improved organizational planning B) ability to investigate more alternatives C) improved asset control D) lower transaction costs E) first to market

D) lower transaction costs

Skills that include defining and sequencing activities, communicating expectations, assigning resources to activities, and monitoring outcomes best represent: A) customer relations B) leadership C) team management D) management E) technical problem solving

D) management

The best organization to go to when a supported task is generic is a(n): A) open-source software provider B) cloud computing service provider C) in-house development group D) packaged software producer E) IT service firm

D) packaged software producer

The lowest level of DFDs are: A) level-0 diagrams B) conext diagrams C) level-1 diagrams D) primitive data-flow diagrams E) systematic diagrams

D) primitive data-flow diagrams

The lowest level of decomposition for a data-flow diagram is called the: A) context diagram B) level-0 diagram C) level-1 diagram D) primitive diagram E) cohesive diagram

D) primitive diagram

The work or actions performed on data so that they are transformed, stored, or distributed defines: A) source B) data store C) data flow D) process E) action stub

D) process

Each of the following describes engineering-based methods EXCEPT: A) methods evolved to handle highly critical products B) methods evolved to handle large products and teams C) thrives in a culture where people feel comfortable and empowered by having their roles defined by clear practices and procedures D) simple design and continuous refactoring are excellent for highly dynamic environments but are a source of potentially expensive rework for highly stable environments E) needs a critical mass of scarce experts during project definition but can work with fewer later in the project, unless the environment is highly dynamic

D) simple design and continuous refactoring are excellent for highly dynamic environments but are a source of potentially expensive rework for highly stable environments

Templates used to display and process common attributes of higher-level, more abstract items best describes: A) object-oriented templates B) CGI scripts C) Java D) style sheet-based HTML E) style sheet-based XML

D) style sheet-based HTML

The relation state specifying that nonprimary key attributes do not depend on other nonprimary key attributes is: A) first normal corm B) second normal form C) Boyce-Codd normal form D) third normal form E) fifth normal form

D) third normal form

Which of the following is a guideline for displaying text? A) Use double spacing if space permits B) Do not hyphenate words between lines C) Left-justify text and leave a ragged right margin D) Display text in mixed upper- and lowercase and use conventional punctuation E) All of these are guidelines for displaying text

E) All of these are guidelines for displaying text

A notation that allows the modeler to specify, visualize, and construct the artifacts of software systems, as well as business models, best defines: A) Structured English B) logic modeling C) structured design D) pseudocode E) Unified Modeling Language

E) Unified Modeling Language

(T/F): A system exists within an environment, which consists of everything outside of the system.

True

(T/F): Abstracting common features among multiple classes, as well as the relationships they participate in, is called generalization

True

(T/F): According to the Agile Software Development Manifesto, continuous attention to technical excellence and good design enhances agility.

True

(T/F): According to the Agile Software Development Manifesto, simplicity is the art of maximizing the amount of work not done.

True

(T/F): According to the Agile Software Development Manifesto, the best architectures, requirements, and designs emerge from self-organizing teams.

True

(T/F): According to the Agile Software Development Manifesto, the most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation.

True

(T/F): According to the Agile Software Development Manifesto, the seventeen anarchists agreed that business people and developers should work together daily throughout the project.

True

(T/F): According to the Agile Software Development Manifesto, the seventeen anarchists agreed that projects should be built around motivated individuals.

True

(T/F): According to the Agile Software Development Manifesto, the seventeen anarchists agreed that their highest priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuous delivery of valuable software.

True

(T/F): According to the Agile Software Development Manifesto, working software is the primary measure of progress.

True

(T/F): An identifier is a candidate key that has been selected as the unique, identifying characteristic for an entity type.

True

(T/F): An order number is a good example of a candidate key.

True