American Government ch 7

How does strong leadership contribute to an interest group's success?

enhances the group's reputation raises public awareness of the group and its activities makes the group attractive to new members

Two factors that impact the success of interest groups are a group's organizational resources and its organizational____

environment

One way for an interest group to provide evaluative evidence of policy impact to Congress is through

expert testimony.

Lobbying elected officials includes which of the following activities?

face-to-face meetings with members of Congress

solidary -purposive -Economics

joining because of social associations -joining because of similarly held beliefs -joining because certain services or activities are available only to members-

Key factors in an interest group's organizational environment include which of the following?

leadership opposition

An example of a direct interest group strategy is

litigation.

The interest group strategy that includes face-to-face meetings with legislators, hosting legislative receptions and events, and making telephone calls is known as

lobbying

On what two key types of resources do interest groups rely in order to remain effective?

membership financing

Professionals typically become members of professional associations due to

membership incentives and services.

Which groups of Americans are more likely to participate in social movements because of their loose membership and leadership structures?

minorities the poor young people

If your mother participated in your town's historical preservation society, you are ______ someone whose mother was not a member of an interest group.

more likely to become an interest group member than

Why would an interest group engage in climate control activities?

to increase favorable public opinion of its group or interest

Why did Congress enact laws to create PACs?

to provide a means of overseeing the flow of money into political campaigns

Which category of interest group includes doctors, lawyers, engineers, accountants, and even video game developers as members?

trade and professional

In the policy-making process, members of Congress, the executive departments and agencies, and organized interest groups are said to make up the iron

triangle

Interest groups lobbying for policies representing groups of industries or corporations are known as

umbrella

One of the factors included in the evaluation of an organization's resources is

financial potential.

Litigation by interest groups

shape policy and encourage executive agency enforcement.

An incentive that requires a person to join an interest group in order to receive discounted goods and services is a(n)

Blank 1: economic or economical

A formally organized group that seeks to influence government decision making or policy making is referred to as a(n) group.

Blank 1: interest or special interest

Why has the percentage of union members in the United States declined?

economic changes in the United States that resulted in a loss of manufacturing jobs

Which of the following are key functions of interest groups?

educate the public about policy issues serve as a method for checks and balances protect the common good

Despite the fact that online civic participation has resonated with those who have been historically less likely to participate in interest groups, which of the following remains an important demographic determinant of participation?

education

Working to influence the election of candidates who support their issues is referred to as

electioneering

Which of the following are examples of indirect strategies employed by interest groups in advancing their interests?

electioneering public outreach

Which theory states that a small, close-knit group of people who possess wealth and power control policy making in government?

elite theory

An interest group may form a(n) Blank 1Blank 1 political , Correct Unavailable Blank 2Blank 2 action , Correct Unavailable Blank 3Blank 3 committee , Correct Unavailable whose main goal is to raise and spend money to influence the outcome of elections.

Blank 1: political or P Blank 2: action or A Blank 3: committee or C

Which of the following statements about electioneering are true?

Campaign contributions are a key element of electioneering. Endorsements and ratings are tactics of electioneering. All the tactics of electioneering are active methods of civic participation.

Which types of interests would belong to public and ideological interest groups?

Consumer interests Religious interests

_______interest group strategies involve meetings between interest group representatives and policymakers.

Direct

interest group strategies involve meetings between interest group representatives and policymakers.

Direct

______ interest groups secure government and material benefits for their members.

Economic

_______testimony is used by interest groups to provide information to policy makers concerning the impact of policies.

Expert, Professional, or Skilled

True or false: Professional interest groups only take a stand on issues that will directly affect their members' professional interests.

False Reason: Professional interest groups take a stand on a variety of policy matters, many of which indirectly affect their membership.

One example of an environmental interest group is

Greenpeace.

What makes indirect interest group strategies different from direct strategies?

Indirect strategies are directed more toward the public than elected officials.

Which represents a shared view of elitists and pluralists?

Interest groups are important to individuals exercising control over government.

The Women's March, which began in response to President Trump's inauguration in 2017, is a grassroots movement that has created entry points for new grassroots activists. Of the following key functions of interest groups, which two best exemplify the the Women's March movement?

Interest groups mobilize citizens and stimulate them to participate in civic and political affairs. Interest groups provide average citizens with an avenue of access to activism

Which is true of the 2018 Supreme Court case Janus v. United States?

It ended compelled union dues for public employees and will have widespread impact on the strength of public employee unions.

What is the effect of the presence of opposing interest groups on an interest group's success?

It makes it more difficult to get policymakers to act in any one group's favor.

Which philosopher/constitutional framer believed that people with similar interests would form and join groups to prompt government action?

James Madison

Which organization emphasizing "pro-family" values played a pivotal role in the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980?

Moral Majority

A(n) ______ is an entity whose specific goal is to raise and spend money to influence the outcome of elections.

PAC

For which political party do Christian religious interests typically vote?

Republican

Which of the following are reasons that interest groups are dominated by individuals with higher levels of wealth and education?

They have more disposable income to spend on membership dues. They are more likely to be informed of the issues and to understand the importance of interest groups in shaping policy. They likely have occupations in which interest group participation is helpful.

True or false: Foreign governments, such as that of China, lobby the U.S. government for favorable trade policies.

True Reason: China has spent millions of dollars trying to influence trade and other U.S. policies.

True or false: Educational attainment is a strong predictor of traditional interest group participation.

True Reason: Higher educational levels are a strong predictor of traditional interest group participation.

Which person is most likely to become a member of an interest group?

a 23-year-old doctoral student in political science

The typical makeup of a foreign policy interest group includes which of the following?

a foreign government U.S. citizens of the foreign nation's heritage international corporations based abroad

What is an example of an economic interest group?

a labor union

Which of the following factors within an interest group's organizational environment can increase its success?

a lack of competition from opposing interest groups highly skilled leadership within the group itself

Which of the following plays a major role in the success of the AARP?

a large membership

Which person is least likely to become a member of an interest group?

a person from a working-class background

One of the incentives of becoming an interest group member is to satisfy

a sense of belonging. a desire for increased opportunities of occupational advancement.

Someone from a working-class family is less likely to join an interest group because working class people

are less likely to have been socialized to participate in traditional interest groups.

Which of the following would be the least likely to belong to a trade and professional interest group?

assembly line worker

What political issue gave rise to consumer interest groups?

automotive safety

Why do many interest groups form political action committees (PACs)?

because contributing to a candidate's campaign can help gain access for interest group lobbyists

How do political scientists generally categorize interest groups?

by what kinds of issues concern them and who benefits from their activities

Which of the following best describes an important characteristic for the leader of an interest group?

charismatic

When an interest group uses public outreach to build favorable public opinion for an organization or business, its activities are referred to as

climate control

The American Farm Bureau Federation is one of the most influential interest groups in the United States because of its

close relations with key agricultural policymakers.

Public interest groups are concerned with achieving Blank 1Blank 1 collective , Correct Unavailable goods, outcomes that are shared by the general public rather than one specific group.

collective or public

What is a common tactic environmental groups employ to generate attention for their issue?

confrontational protests

Which of the following most accurately characterizes direct strategies?

contact between the interest group and policymakers

Which of the following would be considered a public outreach activity used by interest groups?

creating public service announcements to be aired on television hosting a protest on the steps of Congress

Which is a common reason people might cite as a key motivator for joining an interest group?

decision makers being more likely to listen to their concerns

Which of the following most accurately describes an economic incentive to interest group membership?

discounts for members on hotels, airfares, and car rentals

Which is not a correct category of interest groups?

domestic

A purposive incentive to join an interest group is based on one's belief in the interest group's

ideology.

Which of the following demographic characteristics are related to both the likelihood of interest group participation and the types of participation engaged in?

income education social class race

Political scientists believe that ______ and ______ are the best predictors of interest group membership.

income; education

What type of strategy uses intermediaries to advocate for a cause or generally attempts to persuade the public and policymakers to embrace the group's position?

indirect

An ______ is represented by connections between those concerned about a policy and those creating and administering the policy.

issue network

Which of the following has/have increased interest group participation among groups that have not historically joined interest groups?

online interest groups

Which of the following would be examples of indirect strategies utilized by interest groups?

orchestrating a protest writing letters to politicians

The setting in which an interest group attempts to achieve its goals is referred to as its

organizational environment.

When an interest group endorses a candidate who is running for office, what key function is it fulfilling?

performing a role in the electoral system

A public employee is a labor organization made up of federal, state, and municipal workers. Listen to the complete question

public employee union

Litigation by an interest group is often used to challenge

public policies.

Which term describes the behavior of an individual who joins an interest group because of moral conviction about a particular issue?

purposive

The main goal of political action committees is to

raise and spend money to influence the outcome of elections.

When an interest group is "the only game in town," policymakers are more likely to

rely on that group's views.

Which of the following would be least likely to be on the the agenda of a consumer interest group?

school prayer

Solidary incentives are closely linked to which of the following concepts?

social capital

A large informal group of individuals or organizations striving for a broad, common goal centered on significant changes to the social or political order is called a(n)

social movement.

Which of the following are reasons that working class people are less likely to join an interest group?

socialization lack of time lack of disposable income

An incentive that causes a person to join an interest group because of the social associations it offers is a(n) ______ incentive.

solidary

Which term describes the aims of those who join interest groups in the hope of getting to know members with similar interests?

solidary

Which of the following describe the downside of interest groups in our political system?

strengthening the advantages of incumbents increasing the influence of money in politics domination by elites skewing the policy process in their favor

Which issue would not represent a concern of the largest agricultural interest group?

subsidized housing

Religious groups that are overtly involved in political activities risk losing their

tax exempt status.

Which group represents the largest agricultural interest group in the United States today?

the American Farm Bureau Federation

One example of a corporate or business interest group is

the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).

Which of the following factors is not used to predict interest group success?

the group's ability to run candidates for political office the group's capacity for changing its purpose

Which of the following most accurately describes an interest group's organizational resources?

the tools it has to achieve its goals