AMERICAN GOVERNMENT: L3 The Scientific Revolution and the Age of Reason
How did Europeans' views of the universe as a large machine change how people viewed government?
People believed that government also operated like a machine, and that individuals only needed reason to determine how to govern themselves.
French philosopher and mathematician who further championed the use of the Scientific Method and reason to explain natural phenomena and advocated the idea of the clockmaker deity
René Descartes
Who believed that people are born free and surrender their freedom for the good of society?
Rousseau
Many Europeans reasoned that if the universe was something similar to a(n) __________ operating on its own, then perhaps human government is the same.
large machine
The English Bill of Rights gave Parliament authority over the king.
true
Which theological teaching stated that the church and the state are two separate spheres of influence that can advise one another, but each is its own distinct area?
two kingdoms doctrine
Voltaire's most famous work is __________.
Candide
Which right was guaranteed by the English Bill of Rights?
Citizens had the right to request action from the Crown without punishment.
Which identifies a result of the Scientific Revolution?
Government became understood as a natural process and could be changed and improved upon.
After fending off French, Spanish, and Italian invasions, Switzerland settled into seven different __________, or states.
cantons
Which of the following describes how Switzerland's Federal Council created a participatory democracy?
Each of the members has an equal vote on the council., The council elects a president and a vice president., Each of the cantons elects an individual to represent it in the Federal Council.
After publication of The Social Contract, Rousseau was ostracized to the point that he fled to __________.
England
In which historical era did the Scientific Revolution occur?
Enlightenment
Switzerland's __________ and __________ provide an interesting example of participatory democracy.
Federal Assembly, Federal Counci
English philosopher, writer, statesman, and scientist—among many other things—who championed the use of the Scientific Method and reason to explain natural phenomenon
Francis Bacon
Italian astronomer and mathematician who observed evidence of Copernicus' theory of a heliocentric universe
Galileo Galilei
James II was overthrown during the __________.
Glorious Revolution
Whose theology influenced the Swiss government through his ideas of church government?
John Calvin
Polish priest, astronomer, and mathematician who theorized the sun was the center of the universe, not the Earth, which challenged church teachings
Nicholas Copernicus
Which provisions of the English Bill of Rights appear in the Constitution?
The Crown cannot make war without the consent of the legislative branch., Citizens have the right to bear arms., Cruel and unusual punishment cannot be inflicted on those imprisoned.
Which publication did Montesquieu use as a satirical depiction of the lives of the citizens of Paris?
The Persian Letters
In which work did Rousseau state that surrendering individual rights for the good of all would create equality for everyone?
The Social Contract
In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu lays out a system for what type of government?
a three-branch government
The Federal Council is the __________ branch of the Swiss government.
executive
In Candide, Voltaire concludes that people should trust the teachings of the church, rather than rely on their own judgment to change their existence.
false
In Oedipus, Voltaire disparages the government and the church for persecuting citizens.
false
Voltaire was against equality.
false
James II was considered a tyrant because he ___________.
instituted Catholic practices
Working for the Earl of Shaftsbury, John Locke wrote the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, which established __________.
religious freedom, a representative democracy
What major idea about government was challenged by the Scientific Revolution?
rule by divine right
What ideas were brought forth by John Locke's Two Treatises of Civil Government?
social contract, natural rights