AMERICAN GOVERNMENT: L3 The Scientific Revolution and the Age of Reason

How did Europeans' views of the universe as a large machine change how people viewed government?

People believed that government also operated like a machine, and that individuals only needed reason to determine how to govern themselves.

French philosopher and mathematician who further championed the use of the Scientific Method and reason to explain natural phenomena and advocated the idea of the clockmaker deity

René Descartes

Who believed that people are born free and surrender their freedom for the good of society?

Rousseau

Many Europeans reasoned that if the universe was something similar to a(n) __________ operating on its own, then perhaps human government is the same.

large machine

The English Bill of Rights gave Parliament authority over the king.

true

Which theological teaching stated that the church and the state are two separate spheres of influence that can advise one another, but each is its own distinct area?

two kingdoms doctrine

Voltaire's most famous work is __________.

Candide

Which right was guaranteed by the English Bill of Rights?

Citizens had the right to request action from the Crown without punishment.

Which identifies a result of the Scientific Revolution?

Government became understood as a natural process and could be changed and improved upon.

After fending off French, Spanish, and Italian invasions, Switzerland settled into seven different __________, or states.

cantons

Which of the following describes how Switzerland's Federal Council created a participatory democracy?

Each of the members has an equal vote on the council., The council elects a president and a vice president., Each of the cantons elects an individual to represent it in the Federal Council.

After publication of The Social Contract, Rousseau was ostracized to the point that he fled to __________.

England

In which historical era did the Scientific Revolution occur?

Enlightenment

Switzerland's __________ and __________ provide an interesting example of participatory democracy.

Federal Assembly, Federal Counci

English philosopher, writer, statesman, and scientist—among many other things—who championed the use of the Scientific Method and reason to explain natural phenomenon

Francis Bacon

Italian astronomer and mathematician who observed evidence of Copernicus' theory of a heliocentric universe

Galileo Galilei

James II was overthrown during the __________.

Glorious Revolution

Whose theology influenced the Swiss government through his ideas of church government?

John Calvin

Polish priest, astronomer, and mathematician who theorized the sun was the center of the universe, not the Earth, which challenged church teachings

Nicholas Copernicus

Which provisions of the English Bill of Rights appear in the Constitution?

The Crown cannot make war without the consent of the legislative branch., Citizens have the right to bear arms., Cruel and unusual punishment cannot be inflicted on those imprisoned.

Which publication did Montesquieu use as a satirical depiction of the lives of the citizens of Paris?

The Persian Letters

In which work did Rousseau state that surrendering individual rights for the good of all would create equality for everyone?

The Social Contract

In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu lays out a system for what type of government?

a three-branch government

The Federal Council is the __________ branch of the Swiss government.

executive

In Candide, Voltaire concludes that people should trust the teachings of the church, rather than rely on their own judgment to change their existence.

false

In Oedipus, Voltaire disparages the government and the church for persecuting citizens.

false

Voltaire was against equality.

false

James II was considered a tyrant because he ___________.

instituted Catholic practices

Working for the Earl of Shaftsbury, John Locke wrote the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, which established __________.

religious freedom, a representative democracy

What major idea about government was challenged by the Scientific Revolution?

rule by divine right

What ideas were brought forth by John Locke's Two Treatises of Civil Government?

social contract, natural rights