American History Activity questions Unit 2
What two sources of land were available to settlers
Land purchased from the railroads Land through the homestead act
Hispanic american owner of a large advertising agency
Lionel sosa
What was a good source of meat for growing eastern cities
Longhorn cattle
what three factors kept new immigrants from becoming assimilated into the mainstream American culture
Many immigrants did not want to give up their native languages and culture. Many immigrants wanted to be surrounded only by people like them. many immigrants did not speak english
The regulations passed by citizen committees became the foundation for in the western stated
Mining codes
Some business established practical _______ of a business sector and controlled prices, wages, and transportation rates
Monopolies
What was done to punish those who had participated in the massacre
Nothing was done as punishment
Why were people so interested in building a transcontinental railroad
People wanted to connect the west coast, especially California, with the eastern states for faster travel and a greater business profit.
Where did two railroads join
Promontory point, utah
Many historians use the terms push factors and pull factors when discussing immigration. what do you think they mean by these terms
Push factors are those which cause a person to leave his home nation. pull factors are those which cause a person to be attracted to a new place
The first industry that faced government regulation was the _______ industry
Railroad
What was the major difficulty of raising cattle in the great plains
Scarcity of water was a major difficulty of raising cattle in the great plains
what cabinet level position was added to the presidents cabinet in 1889
Secretary of agriculture
The discovery of gold _____ and other minerals brought thousands of miners to the west
Silver
Where did Longhorn cattle originate?
Spain
What was "standard gauge"
Standard gauge was the name for the 4 feet, 8 1/2 inches between the inner sides of the rails, the track gauge used for the transcontinental and all major connecting railroads
_________ was preferred for making railroad tracks
Steel
What was the Bozeman Trail?
The Bozeman trail was a trail leading from Colorado to Montana through several mountain passes and valleys
How did the desire for wealth impact the owners concern for workers
The desire for wealth cause the owners to disregard the health and safety of workers
What massacre of troops took place on the Bozeman trail
The fetterman massacre
What is indicated by the expression "end of the frontier"
The great plains filled rapidly so that there was soon no unexplored or unsettled territory
what was the name of the act that provided money for establishing experimental fields for agricultural research
The hatch act
What was the purpose of the homestead act of 1862
The homestead act of 1862 allowed settlers to buy land provided they followed certain provisions
What was the reason for varying amounts of low interest loans for each mile of track
The loan amounts varied based upon the difficulty of laying track through the terrain
What actually led to the end of the nomadic character of the Indians
The nomadic character of the Indians changed when the bison herds were destroyed
identify a difference between nomadic and stationary tribes during this time
The nomadic tribes were not as exposed to to white settlers and therefore did not contract deadly diseases such as smallpox
Describe the mutually beneficial economic relationship between cattlemen and the railroads
The railroads provided a way for cattlemen to get their livestock to market while the cattle industry provided incentive for railroads to build out west
What caused the range wars?
The range wars were caused by cattlemen of the open range coming into conflict with homesteaders who sought to protect their property from cattle
which statement best describes how advances in communication changed the world during the time of industrialization and expansion
The result of the advances was that people could communicate around the world almost instantaneously
what was the name of the act that established agricultural extension services
The smith lever act
Why was the migration of the us white population to the west detrimental to the plains Indians
The white settlers and their assumption of territory meant further displacement for the Indians, the threat of eradication by disease, and impacted their hunting due to land treaties and the decreasing herds of buffalo
Make a connection. why do you think there were so many farmers who needed training in the great plains in the late 19th century. select three reasons
There was an immigration, so the demand for more food increased. The homestead act brought many people to the great plains who had never farmed before. the great plains required dry farming techniques because of the scarcity of water.
why did immigrants desire to come to the united states
They came because they saw opportunity for a better life with jobs, food, and prosperity
Why did many cattle ranchers go out of buisness
They lost too many cattle during dry seasons
How did the government end Indian attacks on the Bozeman trail
They sent all the Sioux to a reservation in South Dakota with fixed boundaries
Why did cattlemen build ranches in the Great Plains
They wanted to be closer to the rail yards and cow towns
why did factory owners open their factories
They wanted to make money
What happened if workers complained about conditions or about long hours
They were discharged and replaced
Why did factory owners hire children
They were trying to save money to make a larger profit
What were some innovations in farm machinery that led to improved results in agriculture in the great plains? select all that apply
Tractor grain drill steel plow twine binder steam powered reaper (combine)
What event caused an end to the range wars
Two terrible winters were marked by blizzards and hard freezes
forcing competitors out of business was _______
Unethical
Who administered Indian policies during war
Us army
What two immigrant groups provided large numbers of laborers for the first transcontinental railroad
Western section: Chinese Eastern section: Irish
What are the ways in which the land grant programs benefited the nation at large? Select all that apply.
Western states could seek statehood The country was brought closer together by the railroads They helped populate the west The railroads added jobs and stimulated growth in other industries The railroads changed trade relations with Asia The mind set of settlers was changed by the railroads
What crop became the popular in the northern part of the Great Plains, especially along the rivers
Wheat
What is a working definition of the word "immigrant"
an immigrant is someone who leaves their homeland and moves to a new country
billionaire founder of microsoft
bill gates
the investment of money to finance a business interest is called
capitalism
men who invested in businesses were called
capitalists
why are colonists usually not considered immigrants
colonists are still part of their old nation, which is expanding into a new area
Big corporations often forced smaller companies out of business to eliminate
competition
What two types of power made a difference in the late 19th century
electric steam
The railroads did not cause all the new growth, but they _______ it
enabled
crazy horse died when
he was bayoneted while resisting being placed in prison
what were some innovations in farming techniques that led to great productivity. select all that apply.
inorganic fertilizers pest control uses for grain products crop rotation irrigation
The state not included in the new perce reservation was
montana
The nez perches chief Joseph vowed
never to fight again
much of the growth in american cities can be attributed to the
railroads
built the walmart chain of discount stores beginning with a single store
sam walton
in 1980, the Supreme Court ruled that
the U.S. occupation of the black hills was illegal
if conditions were so bad in factories, why were so many people interested in taking these jobs
there were few jobs available, and the jobs gave the workers a better life than that of agriculture or unemployment
why did immigrants desire to leave their homelands
they left because their homelands were in crisis
The majority of american workers are employed by small businesses with fewer than 500 employees
true
The Sherman antitrust act was an attempt to break up _______ and restore a competitive market
trusts
Carnegie used the strategy of ________ organization to make his business profitable
vertical
The battle at Little Bighorn
was lost because general Custer showed poor judgement and was outnumbered
The tragedy at _______ is viewed as the end of armed resistance by the Indians
wounded knee
The Sioux had taken land in South Dakota from the
Cheyenne
What were the cities with important rail yards for cattle in the 19th century? Select all that apply
Cheyenne, Wyoming Wichita, Kansas Denver, Colorado Dodge city, Kansas Ellsworth, Kansas Kansas City, Missouri (or Kansas) Abilene, Kansas Topeka, Kansas
What federal act nearly stopped the flow of Chinese immigrants
Chinese exclusion act of 1882
The two main natural resources needed for iron and steel production are _______ and ________
Coal iron ore
Who led a shameful massacre by militia at sand creek
Colonel John chivington
In time, most mining claims belonged to mining
Corporations
_______ Were entities created for pooling of investors
Corporations
Child of immigrants who built a cosmetics empire
Estee lauder
The Dawes act provided that
Every Indian couple would receive 160 acres from the reservation. The unclaimed reservation lands would be sold to settlers. every unmarried indian would receive 40 acres.
Miners who came to Colorado for the gold strike in 1858 were called
Fifty niners
_______ is the situation that exists when government does not interfere with business
Free enterprise
The Sioux people turned to their ancient ways and performed the ______ in hopes of getting help from the spirits
Ghost dance
The Great Plains region was once called the
Great American desert
Select the nations from which immigrants came after the civil war. select all that apply
Great Britain japan russia holland
The great Sioux war of 1876 might better be called the ______
Great Cheyenne war
_______ mining involved digging deep into ore bearing rock
Hard rock
What was introduced that was important to the plains Indians to herd bison and become more effective hunters
Horses
What are the two differences between the old style artisanship and the new division of labor techniques
In artisanship, one craftsman learned and performed all the steps necessary to make an item. In the division of labor, the steps required to make an item were divided into small tasks. Each person in the assembly line needed to master only one or two steps
What were three distinguishing characteristics of the bureau of Indian affairs
Inefficiency Corruption Ineptitude
Engine boilers were still made from _________
Iron
the greatest oil tycoon
John D. Rockefeller
Miners had a strong sense of ______ and formed committees to maintain _______
Justice; order
In the 1800's huge deposits of iron ore were found around ________ particularly in _______
Lake superior; Minnesota
Why were land grants important to the railroad industry
Land grants allowed the railroad to pass through territory and to raise money through the sale of lands
The most famous of the steel tycoons was
Andrew carnegie
What were the three distinct but confused positions of the federal policy toward the indians
Assimilation Eradication Relocation
The ________ process involved blasting iron with hot air
Bessemer
The Sioux would not stand by and watch the _______ be desecrated by miners
Black hills
Mining communities called ___ sprang up almost overnight
Boom towns
Who administered Indian policies during peace time
Bureau of Indian affairs
Nevada Nebraska Colorado North Dakota South Dakota Montana Washington Idaho Wyoming Utah Oklahoma New Mexico Arizona
1864 1867 1876 1889 1889 1889 1889 1890 1890 1896 1907 1912 1912
in what two years did Americas economy experience a downturn
1873 and 1890
what group of immigrants, generally speaking, did not come to the united states by choice
Africans
What was the earliest occupation of plains indians
Agriculture
What two companies began building railroads that would join to complete a transcontinental route
Central pacific railroad, Union Pacific railroad