American History Activity questions Unit 2

What two sources of land were available to settlers

Land purchased from the railroads Land through the homestead act

Hispanic american owner of a large advertising agency

Lionel sosa

What was a good source of meat for growing eastern cities

Longhorn cattle

what three factors kept new immigrants from becoming assimilated into the mainstream American culture

Many immigrants did not want to give up their native languages and culture. Many immigrants wanted to be surrounded only by people like them. many immigrants did not speak english

The regulations passed by citizen committees became the foundation for in the western stated

Mining codes

Some business established practical _______ of a business sector and controlled prices, wages, and transportation rates

Monopolies

What was done to punish those who had participated in the massacre

Nothing was done as punishment

Why were people so interested in building a transcontinental railroad

People wanted to connect the west coast, especially California, with the eastern states for faster travel and a greater business profit.

Where did two railroads join

Promontory point, utah

Many historians use the terms push factors and pull factors when discussing immigration. what do you think they mean by these terms

Push factors are those which cause a person to leave his home nation. pull factors are those which cause a person to be attracted to a new place

The first industry that faced government regulation was the _______ industry

Railroad

What was the major difficulty of raising cattle in the great plains

Scarcity of water was a major difficulty of raising cattle in the great plains

what cabinet level position was added to the presidents cabinet in 1889

Secretary of agriculture

The discovery of gold _____ and other minerals brought thousands of miners to the west

Silver

Where did Longhorn cattle originate?

Spain

What was "standard gauge"

Standard gauge was the name for the 4 feet, 8 1/2 inches between the inner sides of the rails, the track gauge used for the transcontinental and all major connecting railroads

_________ was preferred for making railroad tracks

Steel

What was the Bozeman Trail?

The Bozeman trail was a trail leading from Colorado to Montana through several mountain passes and valleys

How did the desire for wealth impact the owners concern for workers

The desire for wealth cause the owners to disregard the health and safety of workers

What massacre of troops took place on the Bozeman trail

The fetterman massacre

What is indicated by the expression "end of the frontier"

The great plains filled rapidly so that there was soon no unexplored or unsettled territory

what was the name of the act that provided money for establishing experimental fields for agricultural research

The hatch act

What was the purpose of the homestead act of 1862

The homestead act of 1862 allowed settlers to buy land provided they followed certain provisions

What was the reason for varying amounts of low interest loans for each mile of track

The loan amounts varied based upon the difficulty of laying track through the terrain

What actually led to the end of the nomadic character of the Indians

The nomadic character of the Indians changed when the bison herds were destroyed

identify a difference between nomadic and stationary tribes during this time

The nomadic tribes were not as exposed to to white settlers and therefore did not contract deadly diseases such as smallpox

Describe the mutually beneficial economic relationship between cattlemen and the railroads

The railroads provided a way for cattlemen to get their livestock to market while the cattle industry provided incentive for railroads to build out west

What caused the range wars?

The range wars were caused by cattlemen of the open range coming into conflict with homesteaders who sought to protect their property from cattle

which statement best describes how advances in communication changed the world during the time of industrialization and expansion

The result of the advances was that people could communicate around the world almost instantaneously

what was the name of the act that established agricultural extension services

The smith lever act

Why was the migration of the us white population to the west detrimental to the plains Indians

The white settlers and their assumption of territory meant further displacement for the Indians, the threat of eradication by disease, and impacted their hunting due to land treaties and the decreasing herds of buffalo

Make a connection. why do you think there were so many farmers who needed training in the great plains in the late 19th century. select three reasons

There was an immigration, so the demand for more food increased. The homestead act brought many people to the great plains who had never farmed before. the great plains required dry farming techniques because of the scarcity of water.

why did immigrants desire to come to the united states

They came because they saw opportunity for a better life with jobs, food, and prosperity

Why did many cattle ranchers go out of buisness

They lost too many cattle during dry seasons

How did the government end Indian attacks on the Bozeman trail

They sent all the Sioux to a reservation in South Dakota with fixed boundaries

Why did cattlemen build ranches in the Great Plains

They wanted to be closer to the rail yards and cow towns

why did factory owners open their factories

They wanted to make money

What happened if workers complained about conditions or about long hours

They were discharged and replaced

Why did factory owners hire children

They were trying to save money to make a larger profit

What were some innovations in farm machinery that led to improved results in agriculture in the great plains? select all that apply

Tractor grain drill steel plow twine binder steam powered reaper (combine)

What event caused an end to the range wars

Two terrible winters were marked by blizzards and hard freezes

forcing competitors out of business was _______

Unethical

Who administered Indian policies during war

Us army

What two immigrant groups provided large numbers of laborers for the first transcontinental railroad

Western section: Chinese Eastern section: Irish

What are the ways in which the land grant programs benefited the nation at large? Select all that apply.

Western states could seek statehood The country was brought closer together by the railroads They helped populate the west The railroads added jobs and stimulated growth in other industries The railroads changed trade relations with Asia The mind set of settlers was changed by the railroads

What crop became the popular in the northern part of the Great Plains, especially along the rivers

Wheat

What is a working definition of the word "immigrant"

an immigrant is someone who leaves their homeland and moves to a new country

billionaire founder of microsoft

bill gates

the investment of money to finance a business interest is called

capitalism

men who invested in businesses were called

capitalists

why are colonists usually not considered immigrants

colonists are still part of their old nation, which is expanding into a new area

Big corporations often forced smaller companies out of business to eliminate

competition

What two types of power made a difference in the late 19th century

electric steam

The railroads did not cause all the new growth, but they _______ it

enabled

crazy horse died when

he was bayoneted while resisting being placed in prison

what were some innovations in farming techniques that led to great productivity. select all that apply.

inorganic fertilizers pest control uses for grain products crop rotation irrigation

The state not included in the new perce reservation was

montana

The nez perches chief Joseph vowed

never to fight again

much of the growth in american cities can be attributed to the

railroads

built the walmart chain of discount stores beginning with a single store

sam walton

in 1980, the Supreme Court ruled that

the U.S. occupation of the black hills was illegal

if conditions were so bad in factories, why were so many people interested in taking these jobs

there were few jobs available, and the jobs gave the workers a better life than that of agriculture or unemployment

why did immigrants desire to leave their homelands

they left because their homelands were in crisis

The majority of american workers are employed by small businesses with fewer than 500 employees

true

The Sherman antitrust act was an attempt to break up _______ and restore a competitive market

trusts

Carnegie used the strategy of ________ organization to make his business profitable

vertical

The battle at Little Bighorn

was lost because general Custer showed poor judgement and was outnumbered

The tragedy at _______ is viewed as the end of armed resistance by the Indians

wounded knee

The Sioux had taken land in South Dakota from the

Cheyenne

What were the cities with important rail yards for cattle in the 19th century? Select all that apply

Cheyenne, Wyoming Wichita, Kansas Denver, Colorado Dodge city, Kansas Ellsworth, Kansas Kansas City, Missouri (or Kansas) Abilene, Kansas Topeka, Kansas

What federal act nearly stopped the flow of Chinese immigrants

Chinese exclusion act of 1882

The two main natural resources needed for iron and steel production are _______ and ________

Coal iron ore

Who led a shameful massacre by militia at sand creek

Colonel John chivington

In time, most mining claims belonged to mining

Corporations

_______ Were entities created for pooling of investors

Corporations

Child of immigrants who built a cosmetics empire

Estee lauder

The Dawes act provided that

Every Indian couple would receive 160 acres from the reservation. The unclaimed reservation lands would be sold to settlers. every unmarried indian would receive 40 acres.

Miners who came to Colorado for the gold strike in 1858 were called

Fifty niners

_______ is the situation that exists when government does not interfere with business

Free enterprise

The Sioux people turned to their ancient ways and performed the ______ in hopes of getting help from the spirits

Ghost dance

The Great Plains region was once called the

Great American desert

Select the nations from which immigrants came after the civil war. select all that apply

Great Britain japan russia holland

The great Sioux war of 1876 might better be called the ______

Great Cheyenne war

_______ mining involved digging deep into ore bearing rock

Hard rock

What was introduced that was important to the plains Indians to herd bison and become more effective hunters

Horses

What are the two differences between the old style artisanship and the new division of labor techniques

In artisanship, one craftsman learned and performed all the steps necessary to make an item. In the division of labor, the steps required to make an item were divided into small tasks. Each person in the assembly line needed to master only one or two steps

What were three distinguishing characteristics of the bureau of Indian affairs

Inefficiency Corruption Ineptitude

Engine boilers were still made from _________

Iron

the greatest oil tycoon

John D. Rockefeller

Miners had a strong sense of ______ and formed committees to maintain _______

Justice; order

In the 1800's huge deposits of iron ore were found around ________ particularly in _______

Lake superior; Minnesota

Why were land grants important to the railroad industry

Land grants allowed the railroad to pass through territory and to raise money through the sale of lands

The most famous of the steel tycoons was

Andrew carnegie

What were the three distinct but confused positions of the federal policy toward the indians

Assimilation Eradication Relocation

The ________ process involved blasting iron with hot air

Bessemer

The Sioux would not stand by and watch the _______ be desecrated by miners

Black hills

Mining communities called ___ sprang up almost overnight

Boom towns

Who administered Indian policies during peace time

Bureau of Indian affairs

Nevada Nebraska Colorado North Dakota South Dakota Montana Washington Idaho Wyoming Utah Oklahoma New Mexico Arizona

1864 1867 1876 1889 1889 1889 1889 1890 1890 1896 1907 1912 1912

in what two years did Americas economy experience a downturn

1873 and 1890

what group of immigrants, generally speaking, did not come to the united states by choice

Africans

What was the earliest occupation of plains indians

Agriculture

What two companies began building railroads that would join to complete a transcontinental route

Central pacific railroad, Union Pacific railroad