American History Chap 7

the idea that the United States is a "melting pot," where all nationalities blend together to create a unique American culture, was first developed and shared by Thomas Jefferson.

false

In the years following the Revolutionary War, negative connotations associated with skin color and race were used to justify slavery in a nation founded on the strong notion of individual freedom.

true

The American Constitution was unique for its time because it remained secular, clearly separating church from the state.

true

Indian population in 1795

Conflicts between Indians and Americans took place in the Northwest Territory, along the Great Lakes. Although there was a designated Indian country, tribes existed throughout the United States at this time.

statements that describe the congressional land use policies in the West during the postwar period

Congress had an interest in keeping the settlement process somewhat regulated. Land sales could become a key source of revenue to the federal government.

The Anti-Federalists were driven by their desire to increase political order.

False

The participants in Shays's Rebellion were acting in opposition to the spirit of the Revolution.

False

Thomas Jefferson was the greatest advocate for a stronger federal government during the postwar period.

False

reveal about the ratification of the Constitution

Federalists, who supported the ratification of the Constitution, lived in both the North and the South. Anti-Federalists, who did not support the ratification of the Constitution, lived in both the North and the South.

states that participated in the slave trade in the years after the ratification of the Constitution.

Georgia South Carolina

statements that describe the conflicts sparked by governance under this first written constitution.

Indebted farmers, threatened with the loss of land because of failure to meet tax or mortgage payments, pressed state governments for relief. Wealthy property owners saw their rights constrained by poorer local majorities.

describe its legacies

It established the belief that federal power represented the greatest threat to personal freedom It established freedom of expression at the very foundation of political democracy.

laws mandated by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787

It pledged 'the utmost good faith' would be observed toward local Indians and that their land would not be taken without consent. It created at least three states out of the Northwest Territory It prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest.

describe the Bill of Rights

It states that all of the rights not given to the federal government are maintained by the states and people, to ensure the national government did not suppress the rights of citizens. The original federal Constitution did not include a Bill of Rights. The original ten amendments protected the basic rights of citizens, including freedom of the press, freedom of religion, and the right to a jury of peers.

aims and accomplishments of the Virginia Plan within the Continental Congress

Its governing concepts bolstered the power of the larger states It stressed the establishment of a two-house legislature.

influential founders who contributed to The Federalist papers.

James Madison John Jay

describing the debates over the power of the federal government.

Proponents of a stronger federal government by the 1780s believed that property rights were foundational to the American system. They believed that too much public liberty could harm the nation by endangering private liberty

statements that describe the long-term consequences.

Slavery remained deeply entrenched in American life and politics. It made a domestic economy possible. Incorrect Answer(s)

aims and accomplishments of the New Jersey Plan within the Continental Congress

Smaller states, fearing the political dominance of more populous states like Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, supported this plan. It called for a single-house Congress in each state that would cast one vote. Incorrect Answer(s)

describing the Articles of Confederation.

The Articles of Confederation sought to strike a balance between the fears of centralized power and the need for national coordination. Although it declared that the government was a permanent union, it operated more like an alliance system.

describing the Founding Fathers.

The men that attended the Constitutional Convention were mostly lawyers, merchants, and planters. Most of them had spent time at college, and generally believed that for the United States to succeed, the influence of direct democracy must be somewhat restrained by the government.

Why does Winthrop believe that a Bill of Rights is essential in the Constitution?

The past has demonstrated that rulers take advantage of the people under their rule, so it is essential that a Bill of Rights be added to the Constitution to protect the individual liberties of the citizens of the United States.

annuity system...

annual grants of money to Indian tribes that enabled the government to have influence over the actions of Indians

What options did the government see for the future of native tribes in the West?

Their assimilation into American society was a long-term possibility. They would be wiped off of the continent. They would be forced onto lands farther to the West.

statements that describe African-Americans in the northern states during the early years of the Constitutional Republic

They could vote in many states. Many northern states adopted a policy of gradual emancipation.

describe why the Federalists were successful

They were successful because their opposition, the Anti-Federalists, were ineffectively organized. They controlled the local media. They convincingly argued that a strong government would grow the economy, garnering support from both bosses, local leaders, and, as a result, their employees.

outcomes of the Treaty of Greenville

Tribes friendly to the federal government were granted cash payments. Much of the upper Great Lakes region became open to white settlement.

As a slave owner who had a relationship with one of his slaves, Thomas Jefferson represents a conflicting view on slavery. Identify the ideas on race he expressed in his book Notes on the State of Virginia

While he believed Indians and Americans would eventually merge into a single people, he did not believe in a similar merger of blacks and whites. He believed the bitter experience of slavery made blacks incapable of being loyal to the nation. He believed the best solution to issues of race in America was to remove blacks from the country.

describing the process of breaking a tie in the electoral college.

Within the electoral college, it is possible for none of the candidates to win a majority of electoral votes. Though rare, if this occurs, the responsibility of electing a president falls to the House of Representatives where they choose from among the top three candidates, with each state casting one vote. The Senate would then select the vice president.

basic political principles outlined in the Constitution

a system of checks and balances that prevents any branch of national government from dominating the other two federalism, or the division of power, which is the relationship between the state and the national government

gradual emancipation...

acts that would allow slaves to eventually become free and remain in the country, not be forced to be colonized abroad

open immigration...

allowed only "free white persons" to become citizens and excluded virtually no one from entry into the United States, provided they were white

slave trade clause

allowed the slave trade to continue until 1808, and then the further importation of slaves was prohibited

Under the Articles of Confederation, what powers resided with the national government?

coin money make treaties with foreign powers

The participants in Shays's Rebellion were acting in opposition to the spirit of the Revolution.

false

Building upon the framework of the Ordinance of 1784, in what way did the Ordinance of 1785 aim to further regulate western settlement?

empowering the federal government to survey and subdivide western lands into square-mile sections reserving land and funds for public education

James Madison viewed the addition of a Bill of Rights to be a very important and necessary check against future abuses of power by the national government.

false

Prior to the Revolution, colonists were united in their dislike of Brita

false

The idea that the United States is a "melting pot," where all nationalities blend together to create a unique American culture, was first developed and shared by Thomas Jefferson.

false

The inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to successfully resolve the land claims depicted in the map constituted its greatest failure.

false

best describe the American identity in the early federal period

inherently associated with skin color embracing the ideals of equality and democracy

effects of the Constitution

made possible a national economic market by giving Congress the power over tariffs, interstate commerce, and coining money, among others reduced the powers of the states created national political institutions

position has always been filled by a popular vote

members of the House of Representatives

three-fifths clause

outlined how slaves would be counted toward state representation in the House of Representatives

groups of people who were denied the opportunity to become fully naturalized American citizens in America's first century as a sovereign country

persons of colors nobility who wished to retain their titles

groups of people are specifically mentioned in the Constitution

slaves Native Americans

groups of people who were most commonly Anti-Federalists.

small farmers state politicians

fugitive slave clause

stated that even if a slave escaped from the South to the North, where slavery was outlawed, he or she could still be returned to an "owner" as the condition of bondage remained attached to the person

purpose of the essays collected in The Federalist

to generate support for the ratification of the Constitution