American Pageant Chapter 15

Great evangelical religious revival begins in western camp meetings

1

A visionary from New York state creates a controversial new religion

2

Put things in order: a leading new england transcendentalist appeals to american writers and thinkers to turn away from Europe and develop their own literature and culture

3

a determined reformer appeals to a new england legislature to end the cruel treatment of the insane

4

a gathering of female reformers in new york declares that the ideas of the Dec. of Ind. apply to both sexes

5

Which of the following was not characteristic of the Second Great Awakening

A movement to overcome denominational divisions through a united Christian church

Female reformer who promoted short skirts and trousers asa replacement for highly restrictive women's clothing

Amelia Bloomer

Women abolitionists' anger at being ignored by male reformers

Aroused hostility and scorn in most of the male press and pulpit. (E)

The Mormon practice of polygamy

Aroused persecution from morally traditionalist Americans and delayed statehood for Utah. (G)

The "Mormon Moses" who led persecuted Latter-Day Saints to their promised land in Utah

Brigham Young

Short-lived intellectual commune in Massachusetts based on "plain living and high thinking"

Brook Farm

Area of western New York state where frequent, fervent religious revivals produced intense religious controversies and numerous new sects

Burned-Over District

Walt Whitman's Leaves in the Grass

Captured in one long poem the exuberant and optimistic spirit of popular American democracy. (B)

Unrealistic expectations and conflict within perfectionist communes

Caused many utopian experiments to decline or collapse in a few years. (C)

Influential evangelical revivalist of the Second Great Awakening

Charles Grandison Finney

The Knickerbocker and transcendentalist use of new American themes in their writing

Created the first literature genuinely native to America. (A)

Liberal religious belief held by many of the Founders such as Paine, Jefferson, and Franklin, that stressed rationalism and moral behavior rather than Christian revelation while retaining belief in a Supreme Being

Deism

Quietly determined reformer who substantially improved conditions for the mentally ill

Dorothea Dix

Eccentric genius whose tales of mystery, suffering, and the supernatural departed from general American literary trends

Edgar Allen Poe

Leading feminist who wrote the "Declaration of Sentiments" in 1848 and pushed for women's suffrage

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Reclusive New England poet who wrote about love, death, and immortality

Emily Dickinson

New York writer whose romantic sea tales were more popular than his dark literary masterpiece

Herman Melville

The major promoter of an effective tax-supported system of free public education for all American children was

Horace Mann

The Second Great Awakening

Inspired a widespread spirit of evangelical reform in many areas of American life. (H)

Henry David Thoreau's theory of "civil disobedience"

Inspired later practitioners of nonviolence like Gandhi and King.(J)

The Transcendentalist movement

Inspired writers like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller. (D)

Path-breaking American novelist who contrasted the natural person of the forest with the values of modern civilization

James Fenimore Cooper

Leader of a radical New York commune that practiced complex marriage and eugenic birth control

John Humphrey Noyes

Walt Whitman's originally shocking poetic masterpiece that embraced sexual liberation and celebrated America as a great democratic experiment

Leaves of Grass

The women's rights movement

Led to expanding the crusade for equal rights to include women. (I)

A leading female transcendentalist who wrote Little Women and other novels to help support her family

Louisa May Alcott

Two leading female imaginative writers who added luster to New England's literary reputation were

Louisa May Alcott and Emily Dickinson

Quaker women's rights advocate who also strongly supported abolition of slavery

Lucretia Mott

Herman Melville's and Edgar Allan Poe's concern with evil and suffering

Made their works little understood in their lifetimes by generally optimistic Americans. (F)

Pioneering women's educator, founder of Mount Holyoke Seminary in Massachusetts

Mary Lyon

The two religious denominations that benefited most from the evangelical revivals of the early nineteenth century

Methodists and Baptists

Two denominations that became the dominant faiths among the common people of the West and South were

Methodists and Baptists

Popular nineteenth-century musical entertainments that featured white actors and singers with painted black faces

Minstrel Shows

Herman Melville's great but commercially unsuccessful novel about Captain Ahab's obsessive pursuit of a white whale

Moby Dick

Thomas Jefferson's stately self designed home in Virginia that became a model of American architecture

Monticello

Religious group founded by Joseph Smith that eventually established a cooperative commonwealth in Utah

Mormons

Evangelical college in Ohio that was the first institution of higher education to admit blacks and women

Oberlin college

Second-rate poet and philosopher, but first-reate promoter of transcendentalist ideals and American culture

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Religious revival that began on the frontier and swept eastward, stirring an evangelical spirit in many areas of American life

Second Great Awakening

Long-lived communal religious group, founded by Mother Ann Lee, that emphasized simple living and prohibited all marriage and sexual relationships

Shakers

Philosophical and literary movement, centered in New England, that greatly influenced many American writers of the early nineteenth century

Transcendentalism

The doctrine, promoted by American writer Thoreau in an essay of the same name, that later influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Walden

Bold, unconventional poet who celebrated American democracy

Walt Whitman

The Knickerbocker Group of American writers included

Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, and William Cullen Bryant

Memorable 1848 meeting in New York where women made an appeal based on the Declaration of Independence

Women's Rights Convention at Seneca falls

The major effect of the growing slavery controversy on the churches was

a split of Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians into separate northern and southern churches

reformer Dorothea Dix worked for the cause of

better treatment of the mentally ill

Many of the American utopian experiments of the early nineteenth century focused on all of the following except for

developing small-nusiness enterprises and advanced marketing techniques.

The transcendentalist writers such as Emerson Thoreau, and Fuller stressed the ideas of

inner truth and individual self-reliance.

Besides the hostility and ridicule it suffered from most men, the pre-Civil War women's movement failed to make large gains because

it was overshadowed by the larger and seemingly more urgent antislavery movement.

Evangelical preachers like Charles Grandison Finney linked personal religious conversion to

the Christian reform of social problems in order to build the Kingdom of God on earth

One primary cause of women's subordination in nineteenth-century America was

the cult of domesticity and sharply women's sphere of the home from that of men in the workplace.

The term Burned-Over District refers to

the region of western New York State that experienced especially frequent and intense revivals

The tendency toward rationalism and indifference in religion was reversed beginning about 1800 by

the rise of Deism and Unitarianism

Besides their practice of polygamy, the Mormons aroused hostility from many Americans because

their cooperative economic practices that ran contrary to American economic individualism