American Pageant Chapter 15
Great evangelical religious revival begins in western camp meetings
1
A visionary from New York state creates a controversial new religion
2
Put things in order: a leading new england transcendentalist appeals to american writers and thinkers to turn away from Europe and develop their own literature and culture
3
a determined reformer appeals to a new england legislature to end the cruel treatment of the insane
4
a gathering of female reformers in new york declares that the ideas of the Dec. of Ind. apply to both sexes
5
Which of the following was not characteristic of the Second Great Awakening
A movement to overcome denominational divisions through a united Christian church
Female reformer who promoted short skirts and trousers asa replacement for highly restrictive women's clothing
Amelia Bloomer
Women abolitionists' anger at being ignored by male reformers
Aroused hostility and scorn in most of the male press and pulpit. (E)
The Mormon practice of polygamy
Aroused persecution from morally traditionalist Americans and delayed statehood for Utah. (G)
The "Mormon Moses" who led persecuted Latter-Day Saints to their promised land in Utah
Brigham Young
Short-lived intellectual commune in Massachusetts based on "plain living and high thinking"
Brook Farm
Area of western New York state where frequent, fervent religious revivals produced intense religious controversies and numerous new sects
Burned-Over District
Walt Whitman's Leaves in the Grass
Captured in one long poem the exuberant and optimistic spirit of popular American democracy. (B)
Unrealistic expectations and conflict within perfectionist communes
Caused many utopian experiments to decline or collapse in a few years. (C)
Influential evangelical revivalist of the Second Great Awakening
Charles Grandison Finney
The Knickerbocker and transcendentalist use of new American themes in their writing
Created the first literature genuinely native to America. (A)
Liberal religious belief held by many of the Founders such as Paine, Jefferson, and Franklin, that stressed rationalism and moral behavior rather than Christian revelation while retaining belief in a Supreme Being
Deism
Quietly determined reformer who substantially improved conditions for the mentally ill
Dorothea Dix
Eccentric genius whose tales of mystery, suffering, and the supernatural departed from general American literary trends
Edgar Allen Poe
Leading feminist who wrote the "Declaration of Sentiments" in 1848 and pushed for women's suffrage
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Reclusive New England poet who wrote about love, death, and immortality
Emily Dickinson
New York writer whose romantic sea tales were more popular than his dark literary masterpiece
Herman Melville
The major promoter of an effective tax-supported system of free public education for all American children was
Horace Mann
The Second Great Awakening
Inspired a widespread spirit of evangelical reform in many areas of American life. (H)
Henry David Thoreau's theory of "civil disobedience"
Inspired later practitioners of nonviolence like Gandhi and King.(J)
The Transcendentalist movement
Inspired writers like Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Margaret Fuller. (D)
Path-breaking American novelist who contrasted the natural person of the forest with the values of modern civilization
James Fenimore Cooper
Leader of a radical New York commune that practiced complex marriage and eugenic birth control
John Humphrey Noyes
Walt Whitman's originally shocking poetic masterpiece that embraced sexual liberation and celebrated America as a great democratic experiment
Leaves of Grass
The women's rights movement
Led to expanding the crusade for equal rights to include women. (I)
A leading female transcendentalist who wrote Little Women and other novels to help support her family
Louisa May Alcott
Two leading female imaginative writers who added luster to New England's literary reputation were
Louisa May Alcott and Emily Dickinson
Quaker women's rights advocate who also strongly supported abolition of slavery
Lucretia Mott
Herman Melville's and Edgar Allan Poe's concern with evil and suffering
Made their works little understood in their lifetimes by generally optimistic Americans. (F)
Pioneering women's educator, founder of Mount Holyoke Seminary in Massachusetts
Mary Lyon
The two religious denominations that benefited most from the evangelical revivals of the early nineteenth century
Methodists and Baptists
Two denominations that became the dominant faiths among the common people of the West and South were
Methodists and Baptists
Popular nineteenth-century musical entertainments that featured white actors and singers with painted black faces
Minstrel Shows
Herman Melville's great but commercially unsuccessful novel about Captain Ahab's obsessive pursuit of a white whale
Moby Dick
Thomas Jefferson's stately self designed home in Virginia that became a model of American architecture
Monticello
Religious group founded by Joseph Smith that eventually established a cooperative commonwealth in Utah
Mormons
Evangelical college in Ohio that was the first institution of higher education to admit blacks and women
Oberlin college
Second-rate poet and philosopher, but first-reate promoter of transcendentalist ideals and American culture
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Religious revival that began on the frontier and swept eastward, stirring an evangelical spirit in many areas of American life
Second Great Awakening
Long-lived communal religious group, founded by Mother Ann Lee, that emphasized simple living and prohibited all marriage and sexual relationships
Shakers
Philosophical and literary movement, centered in New England, that greatly influenced many American writers of the early nineteenth century
Transcendentalism
The doctrine, promoted by American writer Thoreau in an essay of the same name, that later influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.
Walden
Bold, unconventional poet who celebrated American democracy
Walt Whitman
The Knickerbocker Group of American writers included
Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, and William Cullen Bryant
Memorable 1848 meeting in New York where women made an appeal based on the Declaration of Independence
Women's Rights Convention at Seneca falls
The major effect of the growing slavery controversy on the churches was
a split of Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians into separate northern and southern churches
reformer Dorothea Dix worked for the cause of
better treatment of the mentally ill
Many of the American utopian experiments of the early nineteenth century focused on all of the following except for
developing small-nusiness enterprises and advanced marketing techniques.
The transcendentalist writers such as Emerson Thoreau, and Fuller stressed the ideas of
inner truth and individual self-reliance.
Besides the hostility and ridicule it suffered from most men, the pre-Civil War women's movement failed to make large gains because
it was overshadowed by the larger and seemingly more urgent antislavery movement.
Evangelical preachers like Charles Grandison Finney linked personal religious conversion to
the Christian reform of social problems in order to build the Kingdom of God on earth
One primary cause of women's subordination in nineteenth-century America was
the cult of domesticity and sharply women's sphere of the home from that of men in the workplace.
The term Burned-Over District refers to
the region of western New York State that experienced especially frequent and intense revivals
The tendency toward rationalism and indifference in religion was reversed beginning about 1800 by
the rise of Deism and Unitarianism
Besides their practice of polygamy, the Mormons aroused hostility from many Americans because
their cooperative economic practices that ran contrary to American economic individualism