AMS Chapter 2

when was the IPCC formed?

1) 1988* 2) 1998 3) 2002 4) 2008

the united states climate reference network was established in what year?

1) 1992 2) 200 3) 2002 * 4) 2012

For which of the following time frames are climate outlooks available?

1) 30day 2) 90 day 3) mutli-seasonal 4) all *

According to the 2007 AMS policy statement on weather analysis, which of the following is the threshold beyond which the current skill for forecasting is relatively low?

1) 4 days 2) 5 days 3) 8 days * 4) 18 days

How many ECVs are included in the baseline data set used to study climate?

1) 5 2) 15 3) 25 4) 50*

By 2020, the projected estimate of the data housed at the NCDC is expected to be?

1) 6 pb 2) 15 pb * 3) 10 pb 4) 4.7 pb

Which of the following informally dates back to the era of Thomas Jefferson?

1) COOP * 2) ARGO 3) ASOS 4) All

TOPEX/Poseidon was deployed to measure which of the following, originally?

1) El Nino events 2) La Nina events 3) Ocean surface topography * 4) all

Which of the following benefits from the open data provided from the GCOS?

1) Individuals interested in investigating the climate system 2) international organizations 3) educational institutions 4) agencies related to climate study 5) all *

which us government agency oversees the satellites that observe climate variables primary?

1) NASA 2) JAXA 3) NOAA 4) a and c *

The Climate Change Initiative was created by which governmental agency to create greater continuity of observations?

1) NASA 2) JAXA 3) ESA * 4) UN

which international organization is responsible for forming the IPCC?

1) NATO 2) OPEC 3) UN * 4) NASA

Data from the Argo network is available to whom?

1) NOAA only 2) NASA only 3) anyone, anywhere without restriction * 4) educational institutions

Which type of satellite is found at a higher orbit?

1) Polar 2) Geosynchronous * 3) low-earth orbiting 4) all are at the same location of orbit

Jason was named after a mythological manner in which ancient mythology?

1) Roman 2) arabic 3) greek * 4) none

which of the following historical figures were also weather observers?

1) Thomas Jefferson 2) Benjamin Franklin 3) George Washinton 4) all *

according to the scientific method what type(s) of observations is (are) needed in climate analysis?

1) accurate 2) reliable 3) consistent 4) a and c 5) b and c *

why does setting instruments up in triplicate help to ensure accurate, long-term data?

1) allows for calibration drift to be easily detected 2) allows for a continuity of data if one sensor stops working 3) enhances the overall long term accuracy of temperature and precipitation observations 4) all *

Data from the Global Climate Observing System includes data from which of the following processes?

1) chemical 2) biological 3) atmosphere 4) all *

which of the following are you most likely to find in a climate outlook?

1) daily temperature 2) chance of precipitation 3) estimated cloud cover 4) departure from normal temperatures *

how does Argo help to solve the unique challenges the world ocean presents?

1) data are available at a low cost 2) Argo provides data in near real time 3) Argo provides data from more than just the surface 4) b and c *

which of the following is a reason why polar orbiting satellites cannot be aligned directly with the magnetic pole?

1) earth is an oblique spheroid 2) there is a change in gravitational attraction on the satellite 3) an orbit passing directly over the pole would be regularly affected by the geometric bulge 4) all *

which disaster type has caused the most damage in billions of dollars?

1) flooding 2) tornadoes 3) hurricanes and tropical storms * 4) hail associated with thunderstorms

Weather derivatives were originally create for which industry?

1) government 2) insurance 3) energy * 4) engineering

how are terrestrial variables, such as river discharge and leaf area index, related?

1) how carbon cycle work 2) how mass and energy are exchanged * 3) human interaction with the land 4) all

which of the following are limitations to COOP data?

1) humans may forget to make observations at exactly the same time every day 2) data are needed on a more frequent basis than hman observations can provide 3) a and b * 4) none

why is it incorrect to say that we have a comprehensive climate record?

1) many observations were more focused on weather forecasting 2) there have been changes to data handling systems 3) some stations are now located at different locations 4) all *

Climate modelers must have a background in which of the following?

1) mathematics 2) climate science 3) computer coding 4) all *

why is there much less risk for businesses in the short-term, in terms of weather?

1) more people make short-term forercasts 2) short term forecasts are more accurate * 3) weather related issues tend to be shorter in duration and s they cost business less money 4) none

why are COOP stations found more commonly in areas of high population density?

1) more scientists there to check on them 2) greater need for data in those locations 3) where volunteers work and live * 4) cheaper to put them there

polar orbiting satellite in ascending mode travels in which direction?

1) n to s 2) s to n * 3) e to w 4) w to e

in which geographic region(s) are COOP network stations most concentrated?

1) near major metro areas 2) eastern half of us 3) western half of us 4) a and b * 5) a and c

what has the use of ASOS replaced in the observation network?

1) need to take measurements altogether 2) need for manual observation * 3) need ro replace equipment 4) need to keep records of observatons

Which of the following scientists are climate modelers?

1) newton 2) kepler 3) bjerkners 4) both a and c *

what must we also understand in order to understand how climate works?

1) ocean related variables 2) terrestrial variables 3) a and b * 4) none

which of the following explains why it is so hard to observe ocean ECVs?

1) ocean water is less transparent at the surface of the ocean 2) observations are limited to the surfaceof the ocean 3) economic resources are in high demand 4) all *

Satellites are extremely efficient in sampling vast swaths of earth's climate system. it takes only a few minutes for a NASA satellite to collect as much data as an ocean research vessel continuously at sea for?

1) one month 2) one year 3) 10 years * 4) 100 years

temperature and precipitation are considered to be "fully monitored" because they are observed?

1) part of weather records 2) part of climate records 3) across the globe 4) all*

the shape of the earth causes some navigation issues with polar orbiting satellites. what is the shape of the earth?

1) perfect sphere 2) oblate spheroid * 3) eccentric sphere 4) none

The IPCC is charged with evaluating the state of climate and its impact ultimately on?

1) policy makers 2) public * 3) university faculty 4) climate scientists

when comparing remotely sensed data with in-situ data, which is considered to be more accurate?

1) remote sensed data 2) in-situ * 3) both are equally accurate 4) never compared

who makes up the IPCC?

1) representatives of countries of the UN and WMO * 2) politcians who have been elected to seat on the IPCC 3) private citzens with an internet in climate change 4) independent, inbiased scientists

in regards to ocean water, which of the following are considered important variables to measure?

1) salinity 2) ocean acidity 3) oxygen level 4) all *

which of the following is an advantage to using earth-orbiting satellites as a data collection tool?

1) satellites sample large area in a short amount of time 2) data can be relayed quickly 3) a and b * 4) none

why will state climatologists be in more demand in the future?

1) society will need more decision support in the face of climate change * 2) more people will be needed to analyze data 3) state climatologists will eed to migrate the causes of climate change in their home state 4) more scientists will be needed to repair the instruments in the field

why is it citical to have accurate measurements in the ocean?

1) these measurements help to show how the ocean reacts to change in the atmosphere 2) these measurements show what is occurring in the ocean ecosystem 3) a and b * 4) none

Why is ASOS data considered to be "cleaner"?

1) they aren't suject to human error 2) they are more dependable 3) a and b * 4) none

why can geostationary satellites not monitor conditions near the poles effectively?

1) they collect high resolutiondata at the equator 2) they do not collect data at the poles * 3) a and b 4) none

In addition to their work with state climatology,state climatologists are often dually appointed to which of the following?

1) university faculty 2) regional climate center staff 3) state government 4) all *

How can ECVs be categorized?

1) weather related variables 2) in-situ 3) remote sensing 4) all *