Ana&Phy (rence)
Distal
away from a point of reference; farthest from the trunk
Gross anatomy
Structures that can be studied without the aid of a microscope
Planes of division
The body can be described by
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
This system consists of the skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands. Its main function is to act as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world. It also functions to retain body fluids, protect against disease, eliminate waste products, and regulate body temperature.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
This system ensures that humans are able to reproduce and survive as a species. It is made up of organs such as the uterus, penis, ovaries, and testes.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
This system is made up of a collection of glands, including the pituitary and thyroid glands, as well as the ovaries and testes. It regulates, coordinates, and controls a number of body functions by secreting chemicals into the bloodstream. These secretions help control moods, growth and development, and metabolism.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
This system is made up of muscle tissue that helps move the body and move materials through the body. Quite simply, muscles move you. Muscles are bundles of cells and fibers that work in a simple way: they tighten up and relax.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
This system is made up of the heart, blood, blood vessels, and lymphatics. It is the body's delivery system, concerned with circulating blood to deliver oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
This system provides the shape and form for our bodies in addition to supporting and protecting our bodies, allowing bodily movement, producing blood cells, and storing minerals. This system consists of bones, cartilage, and joints.
Neurophysiology
the study of nerves
Deep
far from the surface
cardiology, endocrinology, and study of other body systems
In the study of any body system, whenever any structure is affected by a pathological condition, the physiology of the structure may be affected as well; therefore, _____,______, and the study of other _____ ,may also cross over into the categories of physiology and pathology.
Pathological anatomy
Study of changes in structure caused by disease
Regional anatomy
Study of specific region of the body, such as the head or lower extremities
Embryology
Study of structures from the time of fertilization through the eight weeks of gestation
Radiographic anatomy
Study of the body through x-rays
Developmental anatomy
Study of the structure from egg to adult form
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The primary function of this system is to supply the blood with oxygen in order for the blood to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body. This system does this through breathing. It consists of the nose, larynx, trachea, diaphragm, bronchi, and lungs.
URINARY SYSTEM
The purpose of this system is to filter out excess fluid and other substances from your bloodstream. Some fluid gets reabsorbed by your body but most gets expelled as urine. The organs found in this system are the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The purpose this system is to turn the food you eat into something useful for the body. When you eat, your body uses this system to digest food so your cells can use it to make energy. The organs involved in this system include the mouth, stomach, and intestines.
frontal plane
also called coronal plane cuts the body into anterior and posterior positions.
transverse plane
also called horizontal plane, cuts the body into upper and lower sections
Lateral
away from the midline of the body
midsagittal plane
cuts the body into equal left and right sections.
sagittal plane
cuts the body into left and right sections
NERVOUS SYSTEM
is the control center of the human body. It is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It receives and interprets stimuli and transmits impulses to organs. Your brain uses the information it receives to coordinate all of your actions and reactions.
Pathophysiology
is the study of the changes of normal mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions, either caused by a disease, trauma or resulting from an abnormal syndrome.
Physiology
is the study of the functions of the body.
Anatomy
is the study of the structure of the body.
Systemic anatomy
study of specific body systems.
Cytology
study of structure of cells
Surface anatomy
study of the body through observation and palpation.
Histology
study of tissues
Cell physiology
the study of cell function.
Dorsal (posterior)
toward the back; in back of
Anterior (ventral)
toward the front; in front of
Cranial (superior)
toward the head
Cephalad
toward the head; upper
Medial
toward the midline of the body
Caudal (inferior)
toward the tail; lower
Inferior (caudal)
toward the tail; lower