Anatomical movement
frontal motions
AB/AD
Johnny's doctor taps him on the knee and his leg kicks out (straightens). What motion did his knee make?
Extension
The arms are (lateral/medial) to the mid-line
Lateral
The big toe is on the lateral/medial side of the foot.
Medial
Jewel has just pointed her toe in dance class. What motion did she make?
Plantarflexion
Pronation (usually pertains to the wrist)
Turning down
Supination (usually pertains to the wrist)
Turning up
Jennifer swings her leg, straightened, out to the side to close a door with her foot. What motion did she make with her leg?
abduction
Joe has just stretched both arms upwards to try and wake himself up in class. What motion did he make at his shoulders?
abduction
AROM
active range of motion
Jamal is doing jumping jacks. What motion occurs at his hips as his feet move toward the middle?
adduction
The biceps are (posterior/anterior) to the triceps
anterior
Lateral
away from midline
Distal
away from trunk
cyanosis
blue
Dorsiflexion
bringing toes up
Circumduction
circular movement of a limb
isometric
contraction
crepitis
crunchy
atrophy
decrease in muscle size
ecchymosis
discoloration
The hand is distal/proximal to the elbow.
distal
Jessica has just turned her foot to point out to the side in ballet class. What motion did she make with her hip?
external rotation
Anatomical position
facing forward, palms forward
Flexion
flexing a muscle closer to body
sagittal motions
flexion/extension
Frontal Plane
front to back
ashen
grey
callor
heat
hypertrophy
increase in muscle size
The hips are superior/inferior to the shoulders.
inferior
The knees are (superior/inferior) to the waist
inferior
transverse motions
internal/external rotation
The shoulders are (lateral/medial) to the mid-line
lateral
The shoulders are medial/lateral to the spine.
lateral
Sagittal plane
left to right
laxity
looseness
Prone
lying face down
Supine
lying face up
The neck is (lateral/medial) to the arms
medial
AD
move towards midline
AB
moving away from midline
eccentric
muscle elongating
concentric
muscle shortening
pallor
pale
PROM
passive range of motion
The hamstring is (posterior/anterior) to the quadriceps
posterior
The heel is (posterior/anterior) to the toes
posterior
The shoulder blade is on the anterior/posterior side of the body.
posterior
The knee is distal/proximal to the ankle.
proximal
Extension
pushing away from body
rubor
red
The calf muscle is (superior/inferior) to the ankle
superior
The elbow is (superior/inferior) to the wrist
superior
The hands are (superior/inferior) to the feet
superior
The knee is superior/inferior to the ankle
superior
edema
swelling/inflammation
Plantarflexion
toes down
Transverse plane
top to bottom
Posterior
towards back of body
Inferior
towards feet
Anterior
towards front of body
Superior
towards head
Medial
towards midline
Proximal
towards trunk
3 types of planes
transverse sagittal frontal
Internal rotation
turning in
External rotation
turning out
jaundice
yellow
