Anatomical movement

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frontal motions

AB/AD

Johnny's doctor taps him on the knee and his leg kicks out (straightens). What motion did his knee make?

Extension

The arms are (lateral/medial) to the mid-line

Lateral

The big toe is on the lateral/medial side of the foot.

Medial

Jewel has just pointed her toe in dance class. What motion did she make?

Plantarflexion

Pronation (usually pertains to the wrist)

Turning down

Supination (usually pertains to the wrist)

Turning up

Jennifer swings her leg, straightened, out to the side to close a door with her foot. What motion did she make with her leg?

abduction

Joe has just stretched both arms upwards to try and wake himself up in class. What motion did he make at his shoulders?

abduction

AROM

active range of motion

Jamal is doing jumping jacks. What motion occurs at his hips as his feet move toward the middle?

adduction

The biceps are (posterior/anterior) to the triceps

anterior

Lateral

away from midline

Distal

away from trunk

cyanosis

blue

Dorsiflexion

bringing toes up

Circumduction

circular movement of a limb

isometric

contraction

crepitis

crunchy

atrophy

decrease in muscle size

ecchymosis

discoloration

The hand is distal/proximal to the elbow.

distal

Jessica has just turned her foot to point out to the side in ballet class. What motion did she make with her hip?

external rotation

Anatomical position

facing forward, palms forward

Flexion

flexing a muscle closer to body

sagittal motions

flexion/extension

Frontal Plane

front to back

ashen

grey

callor

heat

hypertrophy

increase in muscle size

The hips are superior/inferior to the shoulders.

inferior

The knees are (superior/inferior) to the waist

inferior

transverse motions

internal/external rotation

The shoulders are (lateral/medial) to the mid-line

lateral

The shoulders are medial/lateral to the spine.

lateral

Sagittal plane

left to right

laxity

looseness

Prone

lying face down

Supine

lying face up

The neck is (lateral/medial) to the arms

medial

AD

move towards midline

AB

moving away from midline

eccentric

muscle elongating

concentric

muscle shortening

pallor

pale

PROM

passive range of motion

The hamstring is (posterior/anterior) to the quadriceps

posterior

The heel is (posterior/anterior) to the toes

posterior

The shoulder blade is on the anterior/posterior side of the body.

posterior

The knee is distal/proximal to the ankle.

proximal

Extension

pushing away from body

rubor

red

The calf muscle is (superior/inferior) to the ankle

superior

The elbow is (superior/inferior) to the wrist

superior

The hands are (superior/inferior) to the feet

superior

The knee is superior/inferior to the ankle

superior

edema

swelling/inflammation

Plantarflexion

toes down

Transverse plane

top to bottom

Posterior

towards back of body

Inferior

towards feet

Anterior

towards front of body

Superior

towards head

Medial

towards midline

Proximal

towards trunk

3 types of planes

transverse sagittal frontal

Internal rotation

turning in

External rotation

turning out

jaundice

yellow


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