anatomy 2 test 2 ex 1

Nonspecific defenses include

All (present at birth, physical barriers, interferon's, inflammation)

Characteristics of specific defenses include

All of the above (versatility, memory, specificity, tolerance)

Which of the following would be classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction?

Allergic contact dermatitis

Which of the following is not a type of T cell?

Antigenic

Which of the following would cause a right shift (decreased affinity) in the oxygen hemoglobin saturation

a decrease in the blood Ph

The chloride shift occur when

bicarbonate ions leave the red blood cells

Chains of the antibody molecule are held together by

Disulfide

Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation?

Emphysema

HIV that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects

Helper T cells

Immunoglobulin's that are primarily found in glandular secretions are

IgA

Immunoglobulin's that are composed of five single molecules joined together, and are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection

IgM

The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer

Kaposi's sarcoma

Which of the following is not a complement activation pathway?

Lactate pathway

An inflammatory response is triggered when

Mast cells release histamine, serotonin, and heparin

Macrophages are derived from

Monocytes

The larynx is composed of

NINE cartilages

Intrapulmonary pressure is the

Pressure within the alveoli of the lungs

Functions of the respiratory system include all of the following except

Preventing choking from accidental respiration of chewed food.

Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called

innate immunity

Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by

interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid

In a routine exam some blood is taken and analyzed. The results show high IgM titer for the mumps antigen. This would indicate the person

is just coming down with mumps

Specific defenses depend on the activities of

lymphocytes

Cancer cells and virus infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive

natural killer cells

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placentas from mother to fetus is called

natural passive

The class pathway of complement fixation occurs when C1 binds

to an antibody attached to an antigen

The right lung is to three lobes as the left lung is

to two lobes.

The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to local hypothermia caused by

vasodilation

13. Immunity that results from the natural exposure to an antigen in the environment called

Active immunity

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately

100

Some structures of the respiratory tree

4,1,2,7,5,3,6

Fever can be described as the maintenance of body temperature greater than.

99 Fahrenheit, 37.2 Celsius)

The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by

Boyles Law

Which of the following incorrectly describes mechanisms of Co2 transport?

Co2 is attached to the heme part of hemoglobin

The respiratory membrane is a combo of

alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes

The term hypercapnia refers to

an increase in the PCo2

Sympathetic stimulation to the smooth muscle tissue layer in the bronchioles causes

bronchodilator

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

carbon dioxide

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except

complement

Lymphocytes that attack foreign cells or body cells infected with viruses are

cytotoxic T

According to the bohr effect more oxygen is released from red blood cells because a

decreases in pH (acidosis) weakens he hemoglobin-oxygen bond

Suppressor T cells act to

depress the responses of other T cells and B cells

External respiration involves the

diffusion of gases between the alveoli and circulating blood.

Tidal volume

exchanged during normal breathing

Complement system can destroy foreign cells by causing

formation of a MAC

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of

helper T cells

Daltons Law states that

in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure, is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixtures

Respiratory control centers are located in the

medulla and pons

At a Po2 of 70mm and normal temperature and pH hemoglobin is

more than 90% saturated with oxygen.

Alveolar ventilation refers to the

movement of air into and out of alveoli

The quantity of oxygen in solution in the plasma is

only about 1.5 of the oxygen carried in blood

The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are

plasma cells

The hering-breuer reflex

protects the lungs from damage due to over inflation

The condition resulting from the inadequate production of surfactant and associated alveolar collapse

respiratory distress syndrome

A fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA type antibody. This fluid is probably

tears

Air moves out of the lungs because

the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract

the volume of the thorax increases