anatomy 2 test 2 ex 1
Nonspecific defenses include
All (present at birth, physical barriers, interferon's, inflammation)
Characteristics of specific defenses include
All of the above (versatility, memory, specificity, tolerance)
Which of the following would be classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction?
Allergic contact dermatitis
Which of the following is not a type of T cell?
Antigenic
Which of the following would cause a right shift (decreased affinity) in the oxygen hemoglobin saturation
a decrease in the blood Ph
The chloride shift occur when
bicarbonate ions leave the red blood cells
Chains of the antibody molecule are held together by
Disulfide
Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation?
Emphysema
HIV that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects
Helper T cells
Immunoglobulin's that are primarily found in glandular secretions are
IgA
Immunoglobulin's that are composed of five single molecules joined together, and are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection
IgM
The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer
Kaposi's sarcoma
Which of the following is not a complement activation pathway?
Lactate pathway
An inflammatory response is triggered when
Mast cells release histamine, serotonin, and heparin
Macrophages are derived from
Monocytes
The larynx is composed of
NINE cartilages
Intrapulmonary pressure is the
Pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
Functions of the respiratory system include all of the following except
Preventing choking from accidental respiration of chewed food.
Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called
innate immunity
Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by
interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid
In a routine exam some blood is taken and analyzed. The results show high IgM titer for the mumps antigen. This would indicate the person
is just coming down with mumps
Specific defenses depend on the activities of
lymphocytes
Cancer cells and virus infected body cells can be killed before activation of adaptive
natural killer cells
Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placentas from mother to fetus is called
natural passive
The class pathway of complement fixation occurs when C1 binds
to an antibody attached to an antigen
The right lung is to three lobes as the left lung is
to two lobes.
The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to local hypothermia caused by
vasodilation
13. Immunity that results from the natural exposure to an antigen in the environment called
Active immunity
The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately
100
Some structures of the respiratory tree
4,1,2,7,5,3,6
Fever can be described as the maintenance of body temperature greater than.
99 Fahrenheit, 37.2 Celsius)
The relationship between gas pressure and gas volume is described by
Boyles Law
Which of the following incorrectly describes mechanisms of Co2 transport?
Co2 is attached to the heme part of hemoglobin
The respiratory membrane is a combo of
alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes
The term hypercapnia refers to
an increase in the PCo2
Sympathetic stimulation to the smooth muscle tissue layer in the bronchioles causes
bronchodilator
The most important chemical regulator of respiration is
carbon dioxide
Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except
complement
Lymphocytes that attack foreign cells or body cells infected with viruses are
cytotoxic T
According to the bohr effect more oxygen is released from red blood cells because a
decreases in pH (acidosis) weakens he hemoglobin-oxygen bond
Suppressor T cells act to
depress the responses of other T cells and B cells
External respiration involves the
diffusion of gases between the alveoli and circulating blood.
Tidal volume
exchanged during normal breathing
Complement system can destroy foreign cells by causing
formation of a MAC
B cells are primarily activated by the activities of
helper T cells
Daltons Law states that
in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure, is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixtures
Respiratory control centers are located in the
medulla and pons
At a Po2 of 70mm and normal temperature and pH hemoglobin is
more than 90% saturated with oxygen.
Alveolar ventilation refers to the
movement of air into and out of alveoli
The quantity of oxygen in solution in the plasma is
only about 1.5 of the oxygen carried in blood
The cells responsible for the production of circulating antibodies are
plasma cells
The hering-breuer reflex
protects the lungs from damage due to over inflation
The condition resulting from the inadequate production of surfactant and associated alveolar collapse
respiratory distress syndrome
A fluid sample contains a large amount of IgA type antibody. This fluid is probably
tears
Air moves out of the lungs because
the volume of the lungs decreases with expiration
When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract
the volume of the thorax increases