Anatomy 2305 Exam Review

What percentage of our blood is plasma?

55%

Aerobic cellular respiration results in the production of these two products

ATP and H2O

Cushing Disease is a disorder caused by

Abnormally high levels of cortisol

The right and left brachiocephalic veins

All of the above

Which of these processes occurs in the mouth

All of the above (ingestion, mechanical digestion, and chemical digestion

Which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen hemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve?

All of the above (temperature, pH, and BPG)

Endocrine glands

Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream

Which hypothalamic hormone contributes to the regulation of the male reproductive system

Gonadotropin-release hormone

Parietal cells secrete

HCl and intrinsic factor/ HCL

Which of the following statements about erythropoietin is true?

It facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of the erythrocyte lineage

Which of these is most associated with vili?

Lacteals

Which of the following blood components is a complete cell

Leukocyte

The islets of Langerhans are found in which endocrine gland?

Pancreas

Which of these processes occurs throughout most of the alimentary canal?

Propulsion

Which component of the heart conduction system would have the slowest rate of firing

Purkinje fibers

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?

TSH

The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by

TSH from the anterior pituitary

Which of the following statements about mature, circulating erythrocytes is true?

They have no nucleus

The Krebs cycle converts ____ through a cycle of reactions. In the process, ATP_____ , and______ are produced

acetyl CoA; FADH2; NADH

Which of the following are structural features of the trachea?

all of the above

Which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen- hemoglobin saturation/ dissociation curve?

all of the above

Which of the following statements is true?

all of the above

Which of the following statements about thyroid gland is true?

all statements are true

Which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone?

alveoli

T and B lymphocytes

are involved with specific immune function

The coronary arteries branch off the

ascending aorta

Most blood enters the ventricle during

atrial diastole

The walls of the atria produce which hormone?

atrial natriuretic peptide

Lipids in the diet can be ________.

broken down into energy for the body, stored as triglycerides for later use, and converted into acetyl CoA

The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase?

calcium

Hormones can be all of the following except

carbohydrates

Which part of the intestine attaches to the appendix?

cecum

Arteries serving the stomach, pancreas, and liver all branches from the

celiac trunk

What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla

chromaffin cells

A molecule of hemoglobin

consists of four globin proteins, each bound to a molecule of heme

The production of healthy erythrocytes depends upon the availability of

cooper, zinc, and vitamin b12

Which of the following is cause of metabolic acidosis

diarrhea

Which of these cells secrete hormones?

enteroendocrine cells

The adrenal medulla secretes

epinephrine and norepinephrine

The production of red blood cells is called _________.

erythropoeisis

The production of red blood cells is called _________.

erythropoiesis

Which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes

erythropoietin

The production of melatonin is inhibited by

exposure to bright light

Which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?

fissure

Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism

fractures

Oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following?

hemoglobin and oxygen

Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.

high; low

Slight vasodilation in an arteriole prompts a ________.

huge decrease in resistance

Oxytocin is produced in the

hypothalamus

Which of the following plasma proteins is not produced by the liver

immunoglobulin

Which of the following statements about insulin is true?

insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane

Most of the amino acid based hormones affect target cells using

intracellular second messengers

The following processes are under hormonal control except

isolation

The cardiac cycle consists of a distinct relaxation and contraction phase. Which term is typically used to refer ventricular contraction while no blood is being ejected?

isovolumic contraction

Which of the following statements about albumin is true?

it is the most abundant plasma protein

The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organs?

kidneys

The myocardium would be the thickest in the

left ventricle

1. Hormones that directly activate genes are classified as

lipid soluble

The hepatic portal system delivers blood from the digestive organs to the

liver

Which organ produces most of the plasma proteins?

liver

All of the following are granulocytes except

lymphocytes

Which of the following cells is phagocytic?

macrophage

Which valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

mitral valve/ bicuspid valve

a student is in a car accident, alhough, not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?

neural

Which portion of the ECG corresponds to repolarization of the atria?

none of the above: atrial repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization

What are the female gonads called

ovaries

1. Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called

paracrine

What cells secrete melatonin?

pinealocytes

Which of the following is present in the red blood cells?

plasma membrane

Which of the formed elements arise from myeloid stem cells?

platelets

A patient has been suffering for 2 months with a chronic , watery diarhea. A blood test is likely to reveal

polycthemia

A cation has a(an)_______ charge

positive

What is the role of the small intestine's MALT?

preventing bacteria from entering the bloodstream

In which part of the alimentary canal does most digestion occurs?

proximal small intestine

The _ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops of carbon dioxide for removal from the body?

pulmonary circulation

Which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in?

pulmonary ventilation

During gastric emptying, chyme is released into the duodenum through the

pyloric sphincter

Glycolysis results in the production of two ____ molecules from a single molecule of glucose. In the absence of ___ the end product of glycolysis is _______

pyruvate, oxygen, lactate

The target organ of erythropoietin is

red bone marrow

Which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing?

residual volume

The___ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide from the body?

respiratory

Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit?

right atrium

Which two ions are most affected by aldosterone

sodium and potassium

Target cells respond to water soluble hormones because the presence of ___on the cell membrane surface.

specific receptors

The gonads produce what class of hormones

steroid hormones

The first heart sound represent which portion of the cardiac cycle?

systsole

Which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree.

terminal bronchioles

When blood calcium levels are low. PTH stimulates

the activity of osteoclasts

When ventilation is not sufficient, which of the following occurs?

the capillary constricts

interstitial fluid (IF)

the fluid that bathes all of the body's cells except for blood cells

The development of goiter indicates that

there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

What is the role of alveolar macrophages?

to remove pathogens and debris

Which of the following lists the valves in order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart?

tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar

The first step in hemostasis is:

vascular spasm

The pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers , the

visceral and parietal pleurae