ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2 EXAM 1

The aortic valve closes when the pressure in the left ventricle falls below

Aortic pressure

There are two valves to prevent blood back flow, what is the name of the valve found in between the aorta and the left ventricle?

Aortic semilunar valve

Which of the following is a false statement?

Arteries, capillaries and veins are composed of tunica layers.

Which of the following is a treatment for atgerosclerosis injury?

Bypass procedure

If a person has gone systole (flat-lining ) which is an acceptable treatment?

CPR

This type of invasive treatment is considered to provide an alternate route of blood flow in coronary vessels

Coronary arteries bypass

What is not effect of sympathetic nervous system ?

Decrease in heart rate

Which systems work together for maintence of blood pressure

Digestive & cardiovascular

The maximin amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of the ventricular filing phase is called

End diastolic volume

Arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

False

Both AV valves and semilunar valves will open at the same time during a cardiac cycle

False

Coronary artery disease decreases blood flow to the myocardium resulting in high tissue oxygenation

False

Decreased heart rate I'll increase the cardiac output which by will decrease blood pressure

False

The S1 (lub) sounds is heard when the semilunar valves close

False

The heart produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to lower blood pressure by increasing sodium ion retention in kidneys

False

____ are small pores within the endothelial cells which allow for the movement of material in the capillary exchange process

Fenestrations

___ allows ions to rapidly pass from one cell to another, hence allowing the entire heart to contract as a unit.

Gap junctions

___ will promote water to move out of the capillaries

High hydrostatic pressure

What heart chamber has the greatest resistance exerting the highest pressure to pump blood?

Left ventricle

When the aortic valve is damaged, blood flows backward into the

Left ventricle

The ____ side of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit with blood exiting through the ___

Left; right ventricle

Which is not a risk factor for CAD

Living at night altitudes

The right side of the heart pumps

Lungs (pulmonary circuit)

The ___ is the second and thickest layer of heart wall

Myocardium

A very small and unique population of ___ coordinates cardiac activity

Pacemaker cells

The cells that rhythmically and spontaneously generate action potentials in the heart

Pacemaker cells

The AV valve closes when

Pressure in the ventricles increase

The right side of the heart delivers deoxygenated blood to

Pulmonary arterires

Left side of the heart retrieves blood from returning from the

Pulmonary circuit

The left ventricle is the chamber with the thickest wall because it has to generate enough pressure to

Pump through entire pulmonary circuit

When creating pacemaker potential, which phase includes the process in which calcium channels closed and the voltage gated potassium ion channels open, allowing potassium ions to exit the cell and the membrane begins to depolarize

Repolarization

What type of pacemaker cell produces fastest rate of depolarization to create pacemaker potentials?

Sinoatrial nodes

The PR interval of the heart corresponds to

The duration of atrial depolarization and AV node delay

Which of the following effects will one see if there is a right sided heart failure?

There will be a back flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium

The valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle is

Triscupid AV valve

ANP lowers sodium ion retention in kidneys

True

Increasing blood viscosity will increase blood pressurec

True

The precapillary splinters control the amount of blood flow into the capillary beds

True

True or false, the left side of the heart is often called the systemic pump due to blood flow in the body

True

There will always be blood residue in the chambers after they undergo contraction

True.

Both the right and left atrium receive blood from

Veins

Correct order of pressure profiles (lowest to highest)

Veins, Venules, capillaries, arteries

The right atrium received blood from the

Vena cava

During ____ phase of the cardiac cycle, the pressure of the atria are higher than that of the ventricles

Ventricular filling phase

S wave represents

Ventricular repolarization

In electrocardiogram what does the P wave represent?

atrial depolarization

Hemorrhage would lead to a __________ preload and therefore __________ cardiac output.

decreased, decreased

Pulmonary arteries deliver

deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Ventricular systole begins during the ___ phase of the cardiac cycle

isovolumetric contraction

As ventricular systole begins, all four heart valves are closed during the:

isovolumetric contraction phase

Which of these is not a feature of cardiac muscle tissue?

non-striated

The left side of the heart pumps

oxygenated blood to the rest of the body (systemic circuit)

Left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from

pulmonary veins

The vessels that deliver oxygen to the tissues of the body are part of the __________.

systemic circuit

QRS wave represents

ventricular depolarization

The T wave in an ECG corresponds to

ventricular repolarization