ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2 EXAM 1
The aortic valve closes when the pressure in the left ventricle falls below
Aortic pressure
There are two valves to prevent blood back flow, what is the name of the valve found in between the aorta and the left ventricle?
Aortic semilunar valve
Which of the following is a false statement?
Arteries, capillaries and veins are composed of tunica layers.
Which of the following is a treatment for atgerosclerosis injury?
Bypass procedure
If a person has gone systole (flat-lining ) which is an acceptable treatment?
CPR
This type of invasive treatment is considered to provide an alternate route of blood flow in coronary vessels
Coronary arteries bypass
What is not effect of sympathetic nervous system ?
Decrease in heart rate
Which systems work together for maintence of blood pressure
Digestive & cardiovascular
The maximin amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of the ventricular filing phase is called
End diastolic volume
Arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
False
Both AV valves and semilunar valves will open at the same time during a cardiac cycle
False
Coronary artery disease decreases blood flow to the myocardium resulting in high tissue oxygenation
False
Decreased heart rate I'll increase the cardiac output which by will decrease blood pressure
False
The S1 (lub) sounds is heard when the semilunar valves close
False
The heart produces atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to lower blood pressure by increasing sodium ion retention in kidneys
False
____ are small pores within the endothelial cells which allow for the movement of material in the capillary exchange process
Fenestrations
___ allows ions to rapidly pass from one cell to another, hence allowing the entire heart to contract as a unit.
Gap junctions
___ will promote water to move out of the capillaries
High hydrostatic pressure
What heart chamber has the greatest resistance exerting the highest pressure to pump blood?
Left ventricle
When the aortic valve is damaged, blood flows backward into the
Left ventricle
The ____ side of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit with blood exiting through the ___
Left; right ventricle
Which is not a risk factor for CAD
Living at night altitudes
The right side of the heart pumps
Lungs (pulmonary circuit)
The ___ is the second and thickest layer of heart wall
Myocardium
A very small and unique population of ___ coordinates cardiac activity
Pacemaker cells
The cells that rhythmically and spontaneously generate action potentials in the heart
Pacemaker cells
The AV valve closes when
Pressure in the ventricles increase
The right side of the heart delivers deoxygenated blood to
Pulmonary arterires
Left side of the heart retrieves blood from returning from the
Pulmonary circuit
The left ventricle is the chamber with the thickest wall because it has to generate enough pressure to
Pump through entire pulmonary circuit
When creating pacemaker potential, which phase includes the process in which calcium channels closed and the voltage gated potassium ion channels open, allowing potassium ions to exit the cell and the membrane begins to depolarize
Repolarization
What type of pacemaker cell produces fastest rate of depolarization to create pacemaker potentials?
Sinoatrial nodes
The PR interval of the heart corresponds to
The duration of atrial depolarization and AV node delay
Which of the following effects will one see if there is a right sided heart failure?
There will be a back flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium
The valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle is
Triscupid AV valve
ANP lowers sodium ion retention in kidneys
True
Increasing blood viscosity will increase blood pressurec
True
The precapillary splinters control the amount of blood flow into the capillary beds
True
True or false, the left side of the heart is often called the systemic pump due to blood flow in the body
True
There will always be blood residue in the chambers after they undergo contraction
True.
Both the right and left atrium receive blood from
Veins
Correct order of pressure profiles (lowest to highest)
Veins, Venules, capillaries, arteries
The right atrium received blood from the
Vena cava
During ____ phase of the cardiac cycle, the pressure of the atria are higher than that of the ventricles
Ventricular filling phase
S wave represents
Ventricular repolarization
In electrocardiogram what does the P wave represent?
atrial depolarization
Hemorrhage would lead to a __________ preload and therefore __________ cardiac output.
decreased, decreased
Pulmonary arteries deliver
deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Ventricular systole begins during the ___ phase of the cardiac cycle
isovolumetric contraction
As ventricular systole begins, all four heart valves are closed during the:
isovolumetric contraction phase
Which of these is not a feature of cardiac muscle tissue?
non-striated
The left side of the heart pumps
oxygenated blood to the rest of the body (systemic circuit)
Left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from
pulmonary veins
The vessels that deliver oxygen to the tissues of the body are part of the __________.
systemic circuit
QRS wave represents
ventricular depolarization
The T wave in an ECG corresponds to
ventricular repolarization