Anatomy & Physiology Cells

Nucleus

Genetic control center of the cell

Microvilli

Increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption

Cytoskeleton

Internal framework composed of a network of protein structures

Flagella

Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must the cells have in order to be mobile?

Intracellular digestion

Lysosomes perform which of the following cellular functions

Mechanical couplings scattered like rivets along the sides of adjacent cells to prevent their separation

Match the cell membrane structure to its description: desmosome

Adjacent cells held together by proteins that form cylinders allowing ion flow between the cells cytoplasm

Match the cell membrane structure to its description: gap junctions

Protein packaging and modification

Match the cell structure to its function: Golgi apparatus

RNA synthesis

Match the cell structure to its function: nucleolus

Protein synthesis

Match the cell structure to its function: ribosome

Convert glucose to ATP

Match the organelle and its characteristics: mitochondrion

Composed of microtubules arranged in bundles

Match the organelle with its characteristics: cilia and flagella

Can be free in the cytosol or attached a rough ER

Match the organelle with its characteristics: ribosome

Moving passively down a concentration gradient

Simple diffusion is best described as substances ____________

Mitochondria

Site of ATP synthesis

Lysosomes

Site of intracellular digestion

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis

False

Sperm are the only cells in the human body to process Cilia. True or false

Smooth ER

Synthesizes cholesterol and fat

Shrink

A cell is isotonic to its 4% dextrose solution. When moved to a 6% dextrose solution, that sell will _______.

Hypotonic

A cell will swell, and likely burst, if it is placed in a(n) ___________ solution

Hypotonic

A solution that contains fewer solutes the cell is __________.

Higher

Because of the sodium potassium pump at ISF has a___________concentration of sodium then does the ICF

Active transport mechanisms

By which method does the following move into the cell: molecules moving against the concentration gradient

Phagocytosis

By which method does the following move into the cell: movement of large particles, bacteria, or cellular debris by endocytotic vesicle

Simple diffusion

By which method does the following move into the cell: movement of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other small on charged molecules across the membrane.

Cilia

Cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface

Cytoplasm

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ___________.

True

Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA. True or false

Motile cellular extensions found in large numbers in some epithelial cells

Correctly match the term and definition: Cilia

Pinocytosis

Correctly match the term and definition: endocytosis Of a tiny quantity of extracellular fluid containing solute molecules

Long, cellular projections that are tail - like and aid in propulsion

Correctly match the term and definition: flagella

Tiny fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane; increase surface area for absorption

Correctly match the term and definition: microvilli

Osmosis

Correctly match the term and definition: the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Integral proteins

Correctly match the term and definition: the protein component of the plasma membrane that is firmly inserted into the lipid Bilayer and is exposed to both the ISF and the ECF

Diffusion

Correctly match the term and definition: the tendency of salutes to move along their concentration gradient from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Exocytosis

Correctly match the term and the definition: the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane to move substances out of the cell

Hypertonic solution

Crenation takes place when a cell is placed in a(n) _________.

Microtubules

Cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins

Golgi apparatus

The final processing of proteins tagged for secretion occurs in which cellular organelle

Tight junctions

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called __________.

Filtration

The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area is called _____________.

Active

The movement of substances through the cell membrane against a concentration gradient is a type of ___________ process.

Intracellular

The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the_________ fluid.

Mitochondrion

The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ___________.

Lysosomes

The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and package by the Golgi apparatus is the ____________.

Osmosis

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ____________.

Hydrophobic

The phospholipid tails are___________, which make the plasma membrane in permeable to water.

Golgi apparatus

The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the _________.

False

The process of facilitated diffusion requires energy. True or false

Organelles

The specialized cellular compartments within the side is all of the cell are collectively called _________.

Cell

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the __________.

Cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ___________.

Cytoskeleton

The_________is a network of proteins that forms an internal framework for the cell

Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis

Two types of endocytosis are _________.

Endocytosis

Type of active process in which the cell engulfs extra cellular substances by phagocytosis or Pinocytosis

Solute pumping

Type of active transport and which sodium and potassium are pumped across a membrane using ATP

Diffusion

Type of passive process in which solutes move across the plasma membrane down a concentration gradient

Osmosis

Type of passive process in which water is moved through aquaporins

Protein carrier or channel

What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?

Water leaves the cells and the cells shrink

What happens when the body's cells are placed in hypertonic solution?

Concentration gradient

What is required for diffusion to occur?

Phospholipid heads, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tails, phospholipid heads

What is the arrangement of the phospholipids a substance encounters as it passes through the plasma membrane

Phospholipid tails

What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic

Osmosis

What process is water used to move across the plasma membrane?

Facilitated diffusion

What process permits movement of glucose into cells?

Gap junction

What type of membrane junction allows ions to pass directly from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the adjacent cell

Tight junctions

Which cell junctions prevent substances from passing between adjacent cells?

Synthesis of proteins

Which item below is not a function performed by proteins found in the plasma membrane

Ribosome

Which of the following cell organelles serves as the site of protein synthesis?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is not a structural component of the nucleus

Cytosol

Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid

Chromatin

Which of the following is primarily composed of DNA?

Phospholipid

Which of the following molecular component of the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane possesses a charged polar "head" and an uncharged nonpolar "tail"?

Exocytosis: active membrane transport process

Which of the following pairs is a correct match?

Facilitated defusion and salad pumping

Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules

A lipid bilayer with protein molecules dispersed within it

Which of the following statements best describes the fluid Mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Cells arise from pre-existing cells

Which of the following statements is a component of the cell theory?

The human body is composed of 10 trillion cells

Which of the following statements is not part of the cell theory?

Glucose

Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?

Golgi apparatus

Which of these organelles is responsible for forming secretory vesicles?

Ribosomes that are free within the cytoplasm

Which organelle synthesizes proteins that are used in the cytoplasm?

Desmosomes

____________, A type of cell junction, anchors adjacent cells together and prevents cells from being pulled apart

Prophase

Nuclear envelope and nucleoli break down and disappear

Gap junctions

Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ____________.

True

Osmosis is the process of water moving down its concentration gradient

Aquaporins

Osmosis transports water across membranes using __________.

Golgi apparatus

Packages substances for release from so

Are known as facilitated diffusion

Passive processes that move substances across membranes with the use of a channel protein or a carrier protein ____________.

True

Peroxisomes Detoxify harmful or poisonous substances, such as alcohol. True or false

False

Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attached to water. True or false