Anatomy & Physiology Cells
Nucleus
Genetic control center of the cell
Microvilli
Increases surface area of plasma membrane for absorption
Cytoskeleton
Internal framework composed of a network of protein structures
Flagella
Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must the cells have in order to be mobile?
Intracellular digestion
Lysosomes perform which of the following cellular functions
Mechanical couplings scattered like rivets along the sides of adjacent cells to prevent their separation
Match the cell membrane structure to its description: desmosome
Adjacent cells held together by proteins that form cylinders allowing ion flow between the cells cytoplasm
Match the cell membrane structure to its description: gap junctions
Protein packaging and modification
Match the cell structure to its function: Golgi apparatus
RNA synthesis
Match the cell structure to its function: nucleolus
Protein synthesis
Match the cell structure to its function: ribosome
Convert glucose to ATP
Match the organelle and its characteristics: mitochondrion
Composed of microtubules arranged in bundles
Match the organelle with its characteristics: cilia and flagella
Can be free in the cytosol or attached a rough ER
Match the organelle with its characteristics: ribosome
Moving passively down a concentration gradient
Simple diffusion is best described as substances ____________
Mitochondria
Site of ATP synthesis
Lysosomes
Site of intracellular digestion
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
False
Sperm are the only cells in the human body to process Cilia. True or false
Smooth ER
Synthesizes cholesterol and fat
Shrink
A cell is isotonic to its 4% dextrose solution. When moved to a 6% dextrose solution, that sell will _______.
Hypotonic
A cell will swell, and likely burst, if it is placed in a(n) ___________ solution
Hypotonic
A solution that contains fewer solutes the cell is __________.
Higher
Because of the sodium potassium pump at ISF has a___________concentration of sodium then does the ICF
Active transport mechanisms
By which method does the following move into the cell: molecules moving against the concentration gradient
Phagocytosis
By which method does the following move into the cell: movement of large particles, bacteria, or cellular debris by endocytotic vesicle
Simple diffusion
By which method does the following move into the cell: movement of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other small on charged molecules across the membrane.
Cilia
Cellular extensions that move substances along the cell surface
Cytoplasm
Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ___________.
True
Chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA. True or false
Motile cellular extensions found in large numbers in some epithelial cells
Correctly match the term and definition: Cilia
Pinocytosis
Correctly match the term and definition: endocytosis Of a tiny quantity of extracellular fluid containing solute molecules
Long, cellular projections that are tail - like and aid in propulsion
Correctly match the term and definition: flagella
Tiny fingerlike projections of the plasma membrane; increase surface area for absorption
Correctly match the term and definition: microvilli
Osmosis
Correctly match the term and definition: the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
Integral proteins
Correctly match the term and definition: the protein component of the plasma membrane that is firmly inserted into the lipid Bilayer and is exposed to both the ISF and the ECF
Diffusion
Correctly match the term and definition: the tendency of salutes to move along their concentration gradient from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
Exocytosis
Correctly match the term and the definition: the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane to move substances out of the cell
Hypertonic solution
Crenation takes place when a cell is placed in a(n) _________.
Microtubules
Cylindrical structures made of tubulin proteins
Golgi apparatus
The final processing of proteins tagged for secretion occurs in which cellular organelle
Tight junctions
The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called __________.
Filtration
The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area is called _____________.
Active
The movement of substances through the cell membrane against a concentration gradient is a type of ___________ process.
Intracellular
The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the_________ fluid.
Mitochondrion
The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ___________.
Lysosomes
The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and package by the Golgi apparatus is the ____________.
Osmosis
The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ____________.
Hydrophobic
The phospholipid tails are___________, which make the plasma membrane in permeable to water.
Golgi apparatus
The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the _________.
False
The process of facilitated diffusion requires energy. True or false
Organelles
The specialized cellular compartments within the side is all of the cell are collectively called _________.
Cell
The structural and functional unit of all living things is the __________.
Cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ___________.
Cytoskeleton
The_________is a network of proteins that forms an internal framework for the cell
Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
Two types of endocytosis are _________.
Endocytosis
Type of active process in which the cell engulfs extra cellular substances by phagocytosis or Pinocytosis
Solute pumping
Type of active transport and which sodium and potassium are pumped across a membrane using ATP
Diffusion
Type of passive process in which solutes move across the plasma membrane down a concentration gradient
Osmosis
Type of passive process in which water is moved through aquaporins
Protein carrier or channel
What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?
Water leaves the cells and the cells shrink
What happens when the body's cells are placed in hypertonic solution?
Concentration gradient
What is required for diffusion to occur?
Phospholipid heads, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tails, phospholipid heads
What is the arrangement of the phospholipids a substance encounters as it passes through the plasma membrane
Phospholipid tails
What part of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic
Osmosis
What process is water used to move across the plasma membrane?
Facilitated diffusion
What process permits movement of glucose into cells?
Gap junction
What type of membrane junction allows ions to pass directly from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the adjacent cell
Tight junctions
Which cell junctions prevent substances from passing between adjacent cells?
Synthesis of proteins
Which item below is not a function performed by proteins found in the plasma membrane
Ribosome
Which of the following cell organelles serves as the site of protein synthesis?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following is not a structural component of the nucleus
Cytosol
Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid
Chromatin
Which of the following is primarily composed of DNA?
Phospholipid
Which of the following molecular component of the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane possesses a charged polar "head" and an uncharged nonpolar "tail"?
Exocytosis: active membrane transport process
Which of the following pairs is a correct match?
Facilitated defusion and salad pumping
Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules
A lipid bilayer with protein molecules dispersed within it
Which of the following statements best describes the fluid Mosaic model of the plasma membrane?
Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Which of the following statements is a component of the cell theory?
The human body is composed of 10 trillion cells
Which of the following statements is not part of the cell theory?
Glucose
Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?
Golgi apparatus
Which of these organelles is responsible for forming secretory vesicles?
Ribosomes that are free within the cytoplasm
Which organelle synthesizes proteins that are used in the cytoplasm?
Desmosomes
____________, A type of cell junction, anchors adjacent cells together and prevents cells from being pulled apart
Prophase
Nuclear envelope and nucleoli break down and disappear
Gap junctions
Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ____________.
True
Osmosis is the process of water moving down its concentration gradient
Aquaporins
Osmosis transports water across membranes using __________.
Golgi apparatus
Packages substances for release from so
Are known as facilitated diffusion
Passive processes that move substances across membranes with the use of a channel protein or a carrier protein ____________.
True
Peroxisomes Detoxify harmful or poisonous substances, such as alcohol. True or false
False
Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attached to water. True or false
