Anatomy & Physiology Ch. 10

White blood cells differ from red blood cells because only they contain ________. A) a biconcave shape B) a nucleus and most organelles C) the ability to transport both oxygen and carbon dioxide D) the iron-containing molecule called hemoglobin E) cytoplasm

a nucleus and most organelles

A persistent clot in an unbroken blood vessel is known as ________. A) an embolus B) polycythemia C) hemophilia D) a thrombus E) leukopenia

a thrombus

Physiologic jaundice occurring in newborns results from ________. A) bone marrow disorders B) accumulation of destroyed fetal red blood cells C) a diseased gallbladder that needs to be removed D) erythrocyte mutations E) vitamin deficiencies

accumulation of destroyed fetal red blood cells

The process whereby the binding of antibodies to antigens causes RBCs to clump is called ________. A) hemostasis B) coagulation C) agglutination D) clotting cascade E) hemolysis

agglutination

When antibodies bind to antigens on foreign blood types, clumping or ________ occurs. A) coagulation B) hematopoiesis C) agglutination D) alkalosis

agglutination

An important plasma protein that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is ________. A) thyroglobulin B) fibrin C) albumin D) glucose

albumin

Which type of leukocyte contains heparin, an anticoagulant? A) neutrophil B) monocyte C) lymphocyte D) basophil E) eosinophil

basophil

Which blood type contains the A antigen only? A) blood type A B) blood type B C) blood type AB D) blood types A and AB E) blood type O

blood type A

Which blood type(s) can a person with blood type O receive? A) blood type A B) blood type B C) blood type AB D) blood type O E) blood types A, B, AB, or O

blood type O

Which of these blood types carries no antigens? A) blood type A B) blood type B C) blood type AB D) blood types A, B, and AB E) blood type O

blood type O

Which of the following insoluble fibers forms a mesh network and the basis for the formation of a clot during coagulation? A) albumin B) fibrin C) thrombin D) fibrinogen E) hemoglobin

fibrin

White blood cells containing granules and lobed nuclei are classified as ________. A) agranulocytes B) granulocytes C) thrombocytes D) neutrophils

granulocytes

The two major groups of white blood cells are ________. A) leukocytes and erythrocytes B) platelets and megakaryocytes C) neutrophils and basophils D) granulocytes and agranulocytes E) granulocytes and leukocytes

granulocytes and agranulocytes

The percentage of erythrocytes in blood is known as the ________. A) hematocrit B) buffy coat C) hemoglobin D) plasma

hematocrit

The condition in which maternal antibodies cross the placenta and destroy the baby's RBCs is called ________. A) hemophilia B) thrombus C) hemolytic disease of the newborn D) physiologic jaundice

hemolytic disease of the newborn

Hereditary bleeding disorders that result from lack of clotting factors are referred to as ________. A) petechiae B) hemophilia C) aplastic anemia D) thrombocytopneia

hemophilia

Which of the following is a blood clotting disorder? A) polycythemia B) hemophilia C) leukocytosis D) leukopenia E) anemia

hemophilia

The process by which bleeding is stopped is called ________. A) hematopoiesis B) erythropoiesis C) homeostasis D) hemostasis

hemostasis

The series of reactions that stop blood flow following a cut is called ________. A) homeostasis B) coagulation C) hemostasis D) erythropoiesis E) agglutination

hemostasis

Low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the release of erythropoietin by the ________. A) stomach B) pancreas C) kidneys D) hypothalamus E) spleen

kidneys

Erythrocytes ________. A) possess lobed nuclei and cytoplasmic granules B) lack a nucleus and most organelles C) are the least common of all formed elements D) travel by diapedesis through the walls of vessels E) clot blood

lack a nucleus and most organelles

Match the following function with its blood cell: Alternate name for white blood cell

leukocyte

Match the following function with its blood cell: Excess numbers of these cells cause leukocytosis

leukocyte

Match the following function with its blood cell: Granulocytes and agranulocytes are classified as types of these cells

leukocyte

In a centrifuged blood sample, the buffy coat situated between the formed elements and the plasma contains ________. A) leukocytes and erythrocytes B) platelets and erythrocytes C) leukocytes and platelets D) eythrocytes only E) leukocytes only

leukocytes and platelets

A total white blood cell count above 11,000 cells/mm3 is a condition known as ________. A) leukopenia B) leukocytosis C) polycythemia D) anemia

leukocytosis

Jordan works in a hematology lab and received a blood report showing 22,000 white blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood for a patient. He determines this patient has ________. A) a normal blood count B) polycythemia C) anemia D) leukocytosis E) leukopenia

leukocytosis

Abnormally low levels of white blood cells causes a condition known as ________. A) leukocytosis B) anemia C) thrombocytopenia D) leukopenia

leukopenia

The organ largely responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors is the ________. A) pancreas B) thyroid C) liver D) spleen E) kidneys

liver

Which type of granulocyte produces antibodies? A) eosinophils B) basophils C) neutrophils D) lymphocytes E) monocytes

lymphnocytes

Platelets are fragments of a multinucleate cell known as a ________. A) megakaryocyte B) erythrocyte C) reticulocyte D) monocyte

megakaryocyte

Platelets are fragments of multinucleate cells called ________. A) erythrocytes B) eosinophils C) basophils D) megakaryocytes E) macrophages

megakaryocytes

The most numerous of the white blood cells are the ________. A) lymphocytes B) neutrophils C) eosinophils D) monocytes E) basophils

neutrophils

Which of the following cells are classified as granulocytes? A) neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils B) lymphocytes and monocytes C) eosinophils and monocytes D) basophils and lymphocytes E) neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

The condition in which fetal RBCs are destroyed faster than the infant liver can rid the body of the breakdown products of hemoglobin is called ________. A) hemolytic disease of the newborn B) pernicious anemia C) sickle cell trait D) physiologic jaundice

physiologic jaundice

The matrix of blood is called ________. A) buffy coat B) plasma C) erythrocytes D) lymphocytes E) formed elements

plasma

Match the following function with its blood cell: Cell fragments that form from the rupture of a megakaryocyte

platelet

Match the following function with its blood cell: Type of cell fragment involved in hemostasis

platelet

The application of a sterile gauze to a cut aids with ________. A) platelet plug formation B) the release of tissue factor C) the formation of fibrin D) coagulation E) vascular spasms

platelet plug formation

Life at a high altitude can lead to a red blood cell disorder known as ________. A) anemia B) polycythemia C) leukocytosis D) leukemia

polycythemia

Which of the following red blood cell disorders may result from life at a higher altitude? A) aplastic anemia B) sickle cell anemia C) pernicious anemia D) polycythemia E) hemolytic anemia

polycythemia

If you carry the Rh antigen, you are referred to as Rh ________. A) positive B) sensitive C) negative D) compatible

positive

Where does hematopoiesis produce new red blood cells? A) yellow bone marrow B) articular cartilage C) red bone marrow D) epiphyseal line E) synovial membrane

red bone marrow

An immature RBC which contains some endoplasmic reticulum is called a(n) ________. A) megakaryocyte B) hemocytoblast C) reticulocyte D) agranulocyte E) granulocyte

reticulocyte

Blood is ________. A) acidic B) cooler than body temperature C) sweet tasting D) composed mostly of white blood cells and platelets E) slightly alkaline

slightly alkaline

What enzyme joins soluble fibrinogen proteins into long molecules of fibrin during coagulation? A) PF3 B) thrombin C) tissue factor D) prothrombin E) calcium

thrombin

Why do you think Mrs. Gonzalez was prescribed heparin, an anticoagulant? A) to enhance hematopoiesis B) to inhibit release of erythopoietin C) to enhance the formation of clots D) to increase vascular spasms E) to inhibit the formation of clots

to inhibit the formation of clots

The average functional lifespan of an RBC is ________. A) 20-30 days B) 50-75 days C) 100-120 days D) one year E) the body's lifetime

100-120 days

Normal whole blood contains ________ g of hemoglobin per 100 mL. A) 4-8 B) 12-18 C) 15-20 D) 30-35 E) 42-48

12-18

Blood normally clots in approximately ________. A) 1 minute B) 3 to 6 minutes C) 5 to 10 minutes D) 15 minutes E) 30 minutes

3 to 6 minutes

Severe shock that can be fatal occurs with blood loss exceeding ________. A) 5 percent B) 10 percent C) 20 percent D) 30 percent E) 50 percent

30percent

Each hemoglobin molecule is able to transport ________ molecules of oxygen. A) 1 (one) B) 2 ( two) C) 3 (three) D) 4 (four)

4 (four)

Place these leukocytes in order from the most common to the least common: 1) basophil 2) eosinophil 3) lymphocyte 4) monocyte 5) neutrophil A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B) 3, 4, 5, 1, 2 C) 5, 3, 2, 4, 1 D) 5, 2, 3, 1, 4 E) 5, 3, 4, 2, 1

5, 3, 4, 2, 1

Normal blood pH falls in a range between ________ to ________. A) 7.1; 7.2 B) 7.35; 7.45 C) 7.6; 7.75 D) 7.85; 8.05

7.35; 7.45

The ABO blood groups are based on two antigens: antigen ________ and antigen ________. A) A; B B) A; O C) AB; O D) B; O

A; B

The blood type that contains both antigens A and B is ________. A) AB B) A C) B D) O

AB

A person with type B blood can receive blood from blood type(s) ________. A) AB, B B) B, O C) A, B, AB, O D) B, O, AB

B, O

Match the following blood types: The blood type that possesses the A antigen only

Blood type A

Match the following blood types: The blood type that can receive blood types B and AB

Blood type AB

Match the following blood types: The blood type that does not form anti-A or anti-B antibodies

Blood type AB

Molly has blood type A and her daughter has blood type B. Why can't Molly donate blood to her daughter? A) Blood types A and B will coagulate during a transfusion. B) Mothers cannot donate blood to their daughters. C) Blood type B contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate with type A blood. D) Blood transfusions cannot be performed among relatives. E) Only fathers can donate blood to their daughters.

Blood type B contains anti-A antibodies, which will agglutinate with type A blood.

Match the following blood types: The blood type that forms both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Blood type O

Match the following blood types: The blood type that has no antigens

Blood type O

Match the following blood types: The most common blood type

Blood type O

The immune serum used to prevent maternal sensitization to Rh antigens is ________. A) serotonin B) interleukin C) agglutinin D) RhoGAM E) fibrinogen

RhoGAM

Describe the three phases of the normal blood-clotting process

Hemostasis involves three major phases. The first phase is the vascular spasm phase, in which serotonin released by the platelets causes the blood vessels to spasm and constrict, thus decreasing blood loss. The second phase is the platelet plug formation, in which platelets become "sticky" and cling to the site of injury. The third phase is coagulation wherein thromboplastin interacts with PF3 and calcium, as well as other blood proteins, to form prothrombin activator. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin, which then joins with fibrinogen to form fibrin, the basis of the clot.

The most common type of leukocyte is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label A

The neutrophil is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label A

The granulocytes are indicated by ________ and ________. A) Label A; Label C B) Label B; Label A C) Label C; Label D D) Label D; Label B

Label A; Label C

The monocyte is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label B

The eosinophil is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label C

The type of leukocyte that fights allergies and parasitic worms is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label C

The lymphocyte is indicated by ________. A) Label A B) Label B C) Label C D) Label D

Label D

The most common type of blood in the U.S. population is ________. A) A B) B C) AB D) O E) AO

O

Hemolysis most likely will occur when ________. A) an Rh negative person receives the first transfusion of blood that is Rh positive B) any person receives blood type O during a transfusion C) an Rh positive person receives the first transfusion of blood that is Rh negative D) an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive E) platelets cling to the ruptured endothelium of a blood vessel

an Rh negative person receives the second transfusion of blood that is Rh positive

A decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as ________. A) polycythemia B) leukemia C) anemia D) leukocytosis

anemia

A substance that stimulates the immune system to release antibodies is the ________. A) antigen B) antibody C) interleukin D) fibrinogen E) prothrombin activator

antigen

Substances that the body recognizes as foreign are called ________. A) antigens B) antibodies C) formed elements D) megakaryocytes

antigens

The ion essential for blood clotting is ________. A) sodium B) calcium C) iodine D) potassium E) hydrogen

calcium

The formation of an insoluble clot during hemostasis is termed ________. A) agglutination B) coagulation C) hematopoiesis D) positive chemotaxis E) diapedesis

coagulation

Compatibility testing for agglutination of donor RBCs by the recipients' serum is called ________. A) blood typing B) transfusion reaction C) cross matching D) hemolysis E) hemodialysis

cross matching

The process by which white blood cells travel through the wall of blood vessels is termed ________. A) diffusion B) diapedesis C) filtration D) chemotaxis

diapedesis

Match the following function with its blood cell: Excess of these cells cause polycythemia

erythrocyte

Match the following function with its blood cell: Immature form of this cell is called a reticulocyte

erythrocyte

Match the following function with its blood cell: Most common type of blood cell

erythrocyte

Match the following function with its blood cell: Type of cell produced in response to erythropoietin

erythrocyte

Match the following function with its blood cell: Type of cell that contains hemoglobin for gas transport

erythrocyte

Which formed element is the most abundant in blood? A) erythrocyte B) eosinophil C) platelet D) basophil E) lymphocyte

erythrocyte

The hematocrit is the percentage of ________. A) plasma in blood B) erythrocytes in blood C) leukocytes in blood D) formed elements in blood E) platelets in blood

erythrocytes in blood

The rate of erythrocyte production is controlled by a hormone known as ________. A) erythropoietin B) insulin C) growth hormone D) aldosterone

erythropoietin

During coagulation, long, hairlike molecules known as ________ form the basis for a clot. A) thrombin B) prothrombin C) fibrin D) fibrinogen

fibrin

Treatment of hemophilia often involves ________. A) transfusion of plasma and vitamin K supplements B) injections of missing clotting factors and vitamin B12 injections C) vitamin K supplements only D) transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factor E) vitamin K supplements and vitamin B12 injections

transfusion of plasma or injections of missing clotting factor

Which one of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis? A) platelet plug formation, coagulation, vascular spasm B) vascular spasm, coagulation, platelet plug formation C) coagulation, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation D) vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation E) coagulation, platelet plug formation, vascular spasm

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

Bleeding disorders often result from a lack of which one of the following vitamins ________. A) vitamin B12 B) vitamin A C) vitamin C D) vitamin D E) vitamin K

vitamin K