Anatomy and Physiology- Chapter 1 Homework
Organs of the abdominal cavity include the
- Liver -Stomach
Which of the following are characteristics of all living things
-Reproduction -Regulation of internal functions -Responsiveness to stimuli
Control center are generally portions of the
-Spinal cord -Brain -Thyroid gland
Which of the following statements correctly apply to homeostasis as a physiologic process
-The control center is generally the nervous system or the endocrine system -When homeostasis fails disease or even death occurs -The processes are dynamic -Negative feedback typically keeps these processes in check
The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist
Antebrachial
The anatomical term for front of the elbow is
Antecubital
The correct anatomical term for front of the elbow is
Antecubital
True or False: the nose is lateral to the eyes
False
The correct anatomical directional term meaning "towards the midline of the body" is
Medial
The anatomical term for chest is
Pectoral
A ____ plane separates the body into superior and inferior parts
Transverse
Which plane separates the chest from the abdomen
Transverse
The chemical level of organization is
-The simplest level of organization -Composed of atoms and molecules
Control centers are generally portions of the
-Thyroid gland -Spinal cord -Brain
Which are examples of negative feedback regulation?
-With drawl reflex from stepping on glass -Regulating blood pressure -Regulating heart rate
On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the ____ region
Abdominal
The correct anatomical directional term for "in front of" is
Anterior
The anatomical term for facial cheek is
Buccal
The correct anatomic directional term for "at the rear or tail end" is
Caudal
Which subdiscipline of anatomy may explore how the lower limb differs between humans and chimps
Comparative anatomy
The ___ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts
Coronal
A ____ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Coronal (known as frontal plane)
Which anatomical direction term means "on the inside" or "underneath another structure"
Deep
The correct anatomical term for forehead is
Frontal
_______, one of the important characteristics of living things, involves mechanisms within an organism that maintain a consistent internal environment, also called a "steady state"
Homeostasis
The anatomical term describing the groin is
Inguinal
Match the serous membrane to its corresponding organ(s): Lung Heart Digestive organs
Lungs = Pleura Heart = Pericardium Digestive organs = Peritoneum
The various chemical reactions that occur within all organisms are collectively termed
Metabolism
Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called ____
Physiologists
___ examines the function of various organ systems
Physiology
Calcaneal is to heel as ______ is sole of the foot
Plantar
When an organism senses and reacts to change in their internal or external environments, this is an example of
Responsiveness
The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the nose" is
Rostral
The anatomical term for the posterior region between the hip bones is
Sacral
Which anatomic plane, one that extends through the body vertically and divides structures into right and left portions, is often used to show internal body parts, especially in the head and thoracic organs
Sagittal plane
Negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within normal level or what is called a ____ point
Set
Cephalic is the head as deltoid is to
Shoulder
Match the description with the type of gross anatomy Systemic Anatomy Regional Anatomy Surface Anatomy Comparative Anatomy Embryology
Systemic Anatomy = A study of each body system Regional Anatomy = An examination of the structures in a particular region Surface Anatomy = A focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them Comparative Anatomy = An examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species Embryology = A study of the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth
The anatomical term for the medial aspect of the forearm is
Ulnar
The ____ pericardium forms the heart's external surface
Visceral
The anatomical term for cheek is ____ while the anatomical term for chin is ___
-Buccal -Mental
Which are examples of a positive feedback loop
-Child birth -Breast feeding -Blood clotting
Which of the following body structures can serve as effectors
-Insulin secreting cells of pancreas -Smooth muscles of bronchioles
Which of the following body structures serves as effectors
-Insulin secreting cells of pancreas -Smooth muscles of bronchioles
The anatomical term for heel is
Calcaneal
The anatomical term for head is
Cephalic
The ____ is the structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus
Effector
The anatomical term for the lateral aspect of the lower leg is
Fibular
The anatomical term for buttock is
Gluteal
_____ anatomy is also called macroscopic anatomy
Gross
The anatomical term for great toe is
Hallux
The correct anatomic directional term for "closer to the feet" is
Inferior
The anatomical term for lower back is
Lumbar
A ______ plane extends through the body vertically and divides it into equal left and right halves
Midsagittal
The anatomical term for nose is
Nasal
A minor plane that passes through the body at an angle is called a(n)
Oblique plane
The anatomical term for the back of the head is
Occipital
The anatomical term for mouth is _____ cavity
Oral
The anatomical term for eye
Orbital
The _____ lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall
Parietal Pleura
The ____ lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity
Parietal peritoneum
Regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, a _____ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a ______ layer covers the external surface of organs
Parietal; Visceral
The correct anatomical term for kneecap is
Patellar
In terms of anatomic directional terms, ____ means in back of or toward the back surface
Posterior
Which anatomic directional term means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk"
Proximal
Which of the following investigates the relationship among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures
Radiographic anatomy
Match the homeostatic control mechanism on the left with its description on the right
Receptor = perceives a stimulus Control Center = integrates input and initiates change Effector = brings about a change in response to the stimulus
The production of new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair is an example of
Reproduction
Match the word with the description of how body temperature stimulates a negative feedback mechanism when body temperature rises above normal Stimulus Receptors Control center Effectors Homeostasis
Stimulus = Vigorous exercise raises body temperature Receptors = Organs in the skin detect heat Control center = Hypothalamus of brain sets body temperature Effectors = Blood vessels dilate, sweat glands secrete sweat Homeostasis = Body temperature returns to normal
Which anatomic directional terms means "on the outside" or "toward the skin"
Superficial
Match the directional term to its opposite term Superficial Cranial Ventral Distal
Superficial - Deep Cranial - Caudal Ventral - Dorsal Distal - Proximal
The anatomical term for the calf area is
Sural
The anatomical term for ankle is
Tarsal
Fibular refers to
The lateral aspect of the leg
The anatomical term for naval is
Umbilical
Match the abdominopelvic region with description Umbilical Epigastric Right Hypochondriac Right Iliac
Umbilical = the center of the nine regions Epigastric = the region above the umbilical region Right Hypochondriac = the region of the right of the epigastric region Right Iliac = the region of the right of the hypogastric region
The correct anatomic directional term for "at the belly side of the human body" is
Ventral
The _____ canal contains the spinal cord
Vertebral
Cytology refers to
the study of cells and their internal structures
Metabolism consists of both ____ in which small molecules are joined to form larger molecules and ____ in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
Anabolism; Catabolism
Mammary is to _____ as brachial is to arm
Breast
In a homeostatic control mechanism, the _____ ______ is the structure that interprets input from the receptor and initiates changes through the effector
Control center
The visceral pleura
Covers the external surface of the lungs
Vertebral is to spinal column as olecranal is to
Elbow
The anatomical term for the area posterior to the knee is
Popliteal
True or False: Physiology focuses on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work
True
Visualizing the body in the ______ _______ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its region
Anatomical position
_____ is the scientific discipline that studies the relationship among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs; whereas, _____ is the discipline in which the function of body structures is the focus
Anatomy; Physiology
Which term describes the relationship of the stomach to the spinal cord
Anterior
The ____ region is composed of the upper and lower limbs
Appendicular
The correct anatomical term for armpit is
Axillary
The anatomical term for hip is ____ while the anatomical term for wrist is ___
Coxal; Carpal
The posterior aspect of the axial region of the body contains which body cavities
Cranial cavity and vertebral canal
The anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle is
Crural
An increase in body size is _____ and an increase in specialization as related to form and function is ____
Growth; development
____ refers to the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in response to changing internal or external conditions
Homeostasis
Match the word that describes of how body temperature stimulates a negative feedback mechanism when body temperature falls below normal Receptor Control center Effectors Stimulus Homeostasis
Receptor = Free nerve endings in the skin detect cold Control center = Hypothalamus of the brain sets body temperature Effectors = Blood vessels in the skin constrict, muscles shiver Stimulus = Cold temperature lowers body temperature below normal Homeostasis = body temperature returns to normal
The production of sex cells that, under the right conditions, have the ability to develop into a new living organism
Reproduction