Anatomy and Physiology- Chapter 1 Homework

Organs of the abdominal cavity include the

- Liver -Stomach

Which of the following are characteristics of all living things

-Reproduction -Regulation of internal functions -Responsiveness to stimuli

Control center are generally portions of the

-Spinal cord -Brain -Thyroid gland

Which of the following statements correctly apply to homeostasis as a physiologic process

-The control center is generally the nervous system or the endocrine system -When homeostasis fails disease or even death occurs -The processes are dynamic -Negative feedback typically keeps these processes in check

The anatomical term for the portion of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist

Antebrachial

The anatomical term for front of the elbow is

Antecubital

The correct anatomical term for front of the elbow is

Antecubital

True or False: the nose is lateral to the eyes

False

The correct anatomical directional term meaning "towards the midline of the body" is

Medial

The anatomical term for chest is

Pectoral

A ____ plane separates the body into superior and inferior parts

Transverse

Which plane separates the chest from the abdomen

Transverse

The chemical level of organization is

-The simplest level of organization -Composed of atoms and molecules

Control centers are generally portions of the

-Thyroid gland -Spinal cord -Brain

Which are examples of negative feedback regulation?

-With drawl reflex from stepping on glass -Regulating blood pressure -Regulating heart rate

On the anterior surface of the body, the anatomical term for the region inferior to the thorax and superior to the hip bones is the ____ region

Abdominal

The correct anatomical directional term for "in front of" is

Anterior

The anatomical term for facial cheek is

Buccal

The correct anatomic directional term for "at the rear or tail end" is

Caudal

Which subdiscipline of anatomy may explore how the lower limb differs between humans and chimps

Comparative anatomy

The ___ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts

Coronal

A ____ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Coronal (known as frontal plane)

Which anatomical direction term means "on the inside" or "underneath another structure"

Deep

The correct anatomical term for forehead is

Frontal

_______, one of the important characteristics of living things, involves mechanisms within an organism that maintain a consistent internal environment, also called a "steady state"

Homeostasis

The anatomical term describing the groin is

Inguinal

Match the serous membrane to its corresponding organ(s): Lung Heart Digestive organs

Lungs = Pleura Heart = Pericardium Digestive organs = Peritoneum

The various chemical reactions that occur within all organisms are collectively termed

Metabolism

Scientists who examine how organs and body systems function under normal circumstances, as well as how their functions may change with disease are called ____

Physiologists

___ examines the function of various organ systems

Physiology

Calcaneal is to heel as ______ is sole of the foot

Plantar

When an organism senses and reacts to change in their internal or external environments, this is an example of

Responsiveness

The correct anatomic directional term meaning "toward the nose" is

Rostral

The anatomical term for the posterior region between the hip bones is

Sacral

Which anatomic plane, one that extends through the body vertically and divides structures into right and left portions, is often used to show internal body parts, especially in the head and thoracic organs

Sagittal plane

Negative feedback mechanisms work by maintaining the variable within normal level or what is called a ____ point

Set

Cephalic is the head as deltoid is to

Shoulder

Match the description with the type of gross anatomy Systemic Anatomy Regional Anatomy Surface Anatomy Comparative Anatomy Embryology

Systemic Anatomy = A study of each body system Regional Anatomy = An examination of the structures in a particular region Surface Anatomy = A focus on the internal body structures that relate to the skin covering them Comparative Anatomy = An examination of the differences in the anatomy of different species Embryology = A study of the developmental changes occurring from conception to birth

The anatomical term for the medial aspect of the forearm is

Ulnar

The ____ pericardium forms the heart's external surface

Visceral

The anatomical term for cheek is ____ while the anatomical term for chin is ___

-Buccal -Mental

Which are examples of a positive feedback loop

-Child birth -Breast feeding -Blood clotting

Which of the following body structures can serve as effectors

-Insulin secreting cells of pancreas -Smooth muscles of bronchioles

Which of the following body structures serves as effectors

-Insulin secreting cells of pancreas -Smooth muscles of bronchioles

The anatomical term for heel is

Calcaneal

The anatomical term for head is

Cephalic

The ____ is the structure that brings about the change to alter the stimulus

Effector

The anatomical term for the lateral aspect of the lower leg is

Fibular

The anatomical term for buttock is

Gluteal

_____ anatomy is also called macroscopic anatomy

Gross

The anatomical term for great toe is

Hallux

The correct anatomic directional term for "closer to the feet" is

Inferior

The anatomical term for lower back is

Lumbar

A ______ plane extends through the body vertically and divides it into equal left and right halves

Midsagittal

The anatomical term for nose is

Nasal

A minor plane that passes through the body at an angle is called a(n)

Oblique plane

The anatomical term for the back of the head is

Occipital

The anatomical term for mouth is _____ cavity

Oral

The anatomical term for eye

Orbital

The _____ lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall

Parietal Pleura

The ____ lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

Parietal peritoneum

Regarding the serous membranes of the ventral cavity, a _____ layer lines the internal surface of the body wall, while a ______ layer covers the external surface of organs

Parietal; Visceral

The correct anatomical term for kneecap is

Patellar

In terms of anatomic directional terms, ____ means in back of or toward the back surface

Posterior

Which anatomic directional term means "closest to the point of attachment to the trunk"

Proximal

Which of the following investigates the relationship among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures

Radiographic anatomy

Match the homeostatic control mechanism on the left with its description on the right

Receptor = perceives a stimulus Control Center = integrates input and initiates change Effector = brings about a change in response to the stimulus

The production of new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair is an example of

Reproduction

Match the word with the description of how body temperature stimulates a negative feedback mechanism when body temperature rises above normal Stimulus Receptors Control center Effectors Homeostasis

Stimulus = Vigorous exercise raises body temperature Receptors = Organs in the skin detect heat Control center = Hypothalamus of brain sets body temperature Effectors = Blood vessels dilate, sweat glands secrete sweat Homeostasis = Body temperature returns to normal

Which anatomic directional terms means "on the outside" or "toward the skin"

Superficial

Match the directional term to its opposite term Superficial Cranial Ventral Distal

Superficial - Deep Cranial - Caudal Ventral - Dorsal Distal - Proximal

The anatomical term for the calf area is

Sural

The anatomical term for ankle is

Tarsal

Fibular refers to

The lateral aspect of the leg

The anatomical term for naval is

Umbilical

Match the abdominopelvic region with description Umbilical Epigastric Right Hypochondriac Right Iliac

Umbilical = the center of the nine regions Epigastric = the region above the umbilical region Right Hypochondriac = the region of the right of the epigastric region Right Iliac = the region of the right of the hypogastric region

The correct anatomic directional term for "at the belly side of the human body" is

Ventral

The _____ canal contains the spinal cord

Vertebral

Cytology refers to

the study of cells and their internal structures

Metabolism consists of both ____ in which small molecules are joined to form larger molecules and ____ in which large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules

Anabolism; Catabolism

Mammary is to _____ as brachial is to arm

Breast

In a homeostatic control mechanism, the _____ ______ is the structure that interprets input from the receptor and initiates changes through the effector

Control center

The visceral pleura

Covers the external surface of the lungs

Vertebral is to spinal column as olecranal is to

Elbow

The anatomical term for the area posterior to the knee is

Popliteal

True or False: Physiology focuses on the molecular or cellular level to gain an understanding of how organ systems work

True

Visualizing the body in the ______ _______ is significant because all observers have a common point of reference when describing and discussing its region

Anatomical position

_____ is the scientific discipline that studies the relationship among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs; whereas, _____ is the discipline in which the function of body structures is the focus

Anatomy; Physiology

Which term describes the relationship of the stomach to the spinal cord

Anterior

The ____ region is composed of the upper and lower limbs

Appendicular

The correct anatomical term for armpit is

Axillary

The anatomical term for hip is ____ while the anatomical term for wrist is ___

Coxal; Carpal

The posterior aspect of the axial region of the body contains which body cavities

Cranial cavity and vertebral canal

The anatomical term for the portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle is

Crural

An increase in body size is _____ and an increase in specialization as related to form and function is ____

Growth; development

____ refers to the body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in response to changing internal or external conditions

Homeostasis

Match the word that describes of how body temperature stimulates a negative feedback mechanism when body temperature falls below normal Receptor Control center Effectors Stimulus Homeostasis

Receptor = Free nerve endings in the skin detect cold Control center = Hypothalamus of the brain sets body temperature Effectors = Blood vessels in the skin constrict, muscles shiver Stimulus = Cold temperature lowers body temperature below normal Homeostasis = body temperature returns to normal

The production of sex cells that, under the right conditions, have the ability to develop into a new living organism

Reproduction