anatomy & physiology chapter 14
Iodine-containing hormones
Regulate the metabolic rate.
obesity
antagonized insulin
Which is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone?
ADH
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
Are secreted by the neurohypophysis
Insulin and glucagon
Are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose.
What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?
High plasma levels of glucose.
Catecholamines
Include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine
Steroids
Include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens
Enlargement of the thyroid gland
Is called a goiter
The adrenal medulla
Is part of the fight-or-flight response
Growth hormone
Is secreted by the adenohypophysis
Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?
Neurohypophysis
The islets of Langerhans
Secrete insulin and glucagon
What is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?
Secretion of PTH
Lactogenic hormone
Stimulates the mammary glands to make milk.
Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?
Sugar, salt, and sex
Which gland is associated with "sugar, salt, and sex"?
adrenal cortex
ACTH stimulates the...
adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the...
anterior pituitary gland
Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin
are hormones
estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
are secreted by the gonads
T3, T4 and calcitonin
are secreted by the thyroid gland
obesity
cause Na+ and water reabsorption, thereby increasing blood pressure
calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
control plasma levels of calcium
"Sugar, salt, and sex" is descriptive of
cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone
what is characterized by low blood volume?
diabetes insipidus
cretinism, myxedema, and Graves' disease are all...
disorders of thyroid gland function
what is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?
elevated plasma calcium level
excess secretion of epinephrine
elevates blood glucose levels
obesity
elevates blood glucose levels
ketoacidosis is most related to...
excess fatty acid catabolism
an excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal is known as...
hirsutism
a deficiency of insulin causes
hyperglycemia
the person with _____ is most likely to receive insulin therapy.
hyperglycemia
insulin
increases the transport of glucose into a cell
the hypersecretion of which hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia?
insulin
the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels
insulin
bronzing
is a characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease)
oxytocin
is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor
Growth hormone
is also called somatotropic hormone
TSH
is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
insulin
is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans
the neurohypophysis
is the posterior pituitary gland
The adrenal cortex
is the target gland of ACTH
what is the function of parathyroid hormone?
it increases plasma levels of calcium
what is most likely the effect of a deficiency of aldosterone?
low blood volume and hypotension
hypocalcemic tetany
may be caused by a deficiency of PTH
kussmaul respirations occur in response to...
metabolic acidosis
which is most responsive to treatment with thyroxin?
myxedema
the secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?
negative feedback control
which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels?
pancreas
what gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms?
pineal gland
Which structure connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?
portal capillaries
The adenohypophysis
refers to the anterior pituitary gland
which hormones are found within the hypophyseal-hypothalamic portal capillaries?
releasing hormones
which is most descriptive of cAMP?
second chemical messenger
Which is the least descriptive of the hypothalamus?
secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins
Growth hormone
stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system
PTH
stimulates osteoclastic activity
insulin
stimulates the formation of glycogen
insulin
stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats
what steroids is an androgen?
testosterone
iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to which gland?
thyroid
testosterone is best described as
virilizing
