anatomy & physiology chapter 14

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Iodine-containing hormones

Regulate the metabolic rate.

obesity

antagonized insulin

Which is not controlled by a hypothalamic-releasing hormone?

ADH

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Are secreted by the neurohypophysis

Insulin and glucagon

Are secreted by the pancreas and are concerned with the regulation of blood glucose.

What is the stimulus for the release of insulin?

High plasma levels of glucose.

Catecholamines

Include epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine

Steroids

Include the glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Is called a goiter

The adrenal medulla

Is part of the fight-or-flight response

Growth hormone

Is secreted by the adenohypophysis

Which gland secretes TSH, ACTH, and growth hormone?

Neurohypophysis

The islets of Langerhans

Secrete insulin and glucagon

What is the response to low plasma levels of calcium?

Secretion of PTH

Lactogenic hormone

Stimulates the mammary glands to make milk.

Which of the following is least associated with the adrenal medulla?

Sugar, salt, and sex

Which gland is associated with "sugar, salt, and sex"?

adrenal cortex

ACTH stimulates the...

adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol

Portal capillaries carry releasing hormones from the brain to the...

anterior pituitary gland

Insulin, cortisol, thyroxine, and oxytocin

are hormones

estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

are secreted by the gonads

T3, T4 and calcitonin

are secreted by the thyroid gland

obesity

cause Na+ and water reabsorption, thereby increasing blood pressure

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

control plasma levels of calcium

"Sugar, salt, and sex" is descriptive of

cortisol, aldosterone, and testosterone

what is characterized by low blood volume?

diabetes insipidus

cretinism, myxedema, and Graves' disease are all...

disorders of thyroid gland function

what is most likely to cause the secretion of calcitonin?

elevated plasma calcium level

excess secretion of epinephrine

elevates blood glucose levels

obesity

elevates blood glucose levels

ketoacidosis is most related to...

excess fatty acid catabolism

an excessive growth of hair in locations where hair growth in women is normally minimal is known as...

hirsutism

a deficiency of insulin causes

hyperglycemia

the person with _____ is most likely to receive insulin therapy.

hyperglycemia

insulin

increases the transport of glucose into a cell

the hypersecretion of which hormone is least likely to cause hyperglycemia?

insulin

the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels

insulin

bronzing

is a characteristic of chronic adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison's disease)

oxytocin

is a neurohypophyseal hormone that stimulates the uterine muscle to contract, thereby assisting in labor

Growth hormone

is also called somatotropic hormone

TSH

is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland

insulin

is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans

the neurohypophysis

is the posterior pituitary gland

The adrenal cortex

is the target gland of ACTH

what is the function of parathyroid hormone?

it increases plasma levels of calcium

what is most likely the effect of a deficiency of aldosterone?

low blood volume and hypotension

hypocalcemic tetany

may be caused by a deficiency of PTH

kussmaul respirations occur in response to...

metabolic acidosis

which is most responsive to treatment with thyroxin?

myxedema

the secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland suppresses further secretion of ACTH by the anterior pituitary gland. What is this interaction called?

negative feedback control

which gland secretes two hormones, one that elevates blood glucose levels and another that decreases blood glucose levels?

pancreas

what gland secretes melatonin and is concerned with our biological rhythms?

pineal gland

Which structure connects the hypothalamus and the adenohypophysis?

portal capillaries

The adenohypophysis

refers to the anterior pituitary gland

which hormones are found within the hypophyseal-hypothalamic portal capillaries?

releasing hormones

which is most descriptive of cAMP?

second chemical messenger

Which is the least descriptive of the hypothalamus?

secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins

Growth hormone

stimulates growth of the musculoskeletal system

PTH

stimulates osteoclastic activity

insulin

stimulates the formation of glycogen

insulin

stimulates the synthesis of proteins and fats

what steroids is an androgen?

testosterone

iodine, colloid, and goiter refer to which gland?

thyroid

testosterone is best described as

virilizing


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