Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 4

Which of the following tissues are classified as "connective tissue proper"?

1. areolar connective tissue 2. adipose tissue 3. fibrocartilage 4. dense irregular connective tissue 1, 2, and 4

Which of the numbered cell types is primarily responsible for producing protein fibers found in connective tissue proper?

2

What is not true of connective tissue?

All connective tissues contain elastic fibers.

Muscle tissue that is striated is either skeletal muscle or __________ muscle.

Cardiac

An epithelium whose cells are taller than they are wide is known as a __________ epithelium.

Columnar

What tissue type has polarity and is avascular?

Epithelium

Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) ________ secretion.

Merocrine

Antibodies are produced by

Plasmocytes

This connective tissue is made of hard calcified matrix and stores calcium and other minerals.

bone (osseous tissue)

This connective tissue looks like trees that have been cut across so as to show their many rings.

bone (osseous tissue)

Germinative cells

divide continually to produce new epithelial cells

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are

endocrine glands.

The pancreas produces ________ secretions.

exocrine and endocrine

Exocrine glands are considered to be a type of connective tissue because ________.

exocrine glands are epithelial tissue, not connective tissue

Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except

extracellular matrix.

The sticky material between cells of areolar connective tissue is called the

ground substance.

In connective tissue, the role of elastic fibers is to __________.

provide flexibility

Which of these is a part of a neuron?

Axon Dendrite Cell body

nasal tissue

Desmosomes

The tissue that covers cartilage is the __________.

Perichondrium

Myosatellite cells are found within __________ muscle.

Skeletal

Which muscle tissue type is controlled voluntarily?

Skeletal

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium

Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue?

Absorption

This connective tissue consists of large round densely packed cells with the nucleus pushed to one side.

Adipose

_________ provide strength in many directions.

Dense irregular connective tissues

In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?

Desmosomes

What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood?

Erythrocyte

What additional component associated with outer skin epithelium is not seen in oral epithelium?

Keratin

cardiac muscle tissue.

They are richly vascularized.

This epithelial tissue forms the kidney tubules, and the ducts and secretory portions of small glands.

simple cuboidal

This tissue can look like the hexagonal tiles of a bathroom floor. It also forms the air sacs of the lungs.

simple squamous epithelium

The epithelium that forms air sacs in the lungs is

simple squamous epithelium.

The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as

simple squamous.

Myosatellite cells are found in association with

skeletal muscle

This type of connective tissue is primarily composed of cells.

Adipose

This type of connective tissue is found under epithelia, packaging organs, and surrounding capillaries.

Areolar

Which of these carries information electrically from one part of the body to another?

Axons

Which is the most atypical connective tissue since it does NOT connect things or provide structural support?

Blood

________ muscle cells consist of branched uninucleate cells with junctions called as intercalated discs.

Cardiac

Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous

Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous

Blood is which type of tissue?

Connective

This is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body

Connective

This is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body.

Connective

Which of the following statements is true?

Dense connective tissue includes a great deal of collagen

How are endocrine and exocrine glands different from each other?

Endocrine glands have no ducts.

This tissue type is a covering and lining tissue. It also includes glands

Epithelial

This tissue type is a covering and lining tissue. It includes glands.

Epithelial

All muscle cells contain striations.

False

Pseudostratified epithelia are well adapted to the digestive system because the cilia increase the surface area for absorption.

False

Chondrocytes are to larynx as osteocytes are to __________.

Femur

The body's first response to injury is __________.

Inflammation

Predict what would happen if a lung's visceral membrane were pulled away from its parietal membrane still attached to the chest wall.

Loss of membrane adhesive force would cause lung collapse.

All connective tissue is derived from an embryonic tissue known as __________.

Mesenchyme

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.

Muscle

Two of the four primary tissue types contain excitable cells, cells that receive stimuli and generate electrical signals. One of these is muscle tissue. Name the other.

Nervous

Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue.

Neural

Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as

Neuroepithelia

The support cells found in nervous tissue are called ________.

Neuroglia

All the following are examples of connective tissue EXCEPT __________.

Neurons

Of the two major cell types found in nervous tissue, __________ cells are highly specialized to generate and conduct electrical signals.

Neurons

________ are cells that make up the brain and spinal cord and transmit electrical signals from receptor to effectors.

Neurons

Which of the following membrane types lines joint capsules?

Synovial

________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another.

Tendons; ligaments

What is not true of epithelial cells?

They are richly vascularized.

Which of the following is not a property of neuroglia?

They conduct electrical impulses.

Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false?

They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.

Groups of cells that are anatomically similar and share a function are called __________.

Tissues

You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the

Trachea

Blood is a type of connective tissue.

True

Deep fascia refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds __________.

a muscle

The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is

absorption and secretion.

Cells that store fat are called

adipocytes.

White fat is found in ________, while brown fat is found in ________.

adults; infants

Which of the following fiber types is not present in connective tissues?

basal fibers

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to

bone.

Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity?

cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord

Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of

cardiac muscle tissue.

A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is

cartilage.

Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of

cartilage.

During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury?

cold, pale skin

This connective tissue is packed with parallel collagen fibers, attaches muscles to bone, and can withstand great stress when pulled in one direction.

dense elastic

This tough, strong, connective tissue is found beneath the epithelial tissue of the skin. It is packed with collagen fibers that run in all different directions.

dense irregular

Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are

dense irregular connective tissues.

This connective tissue is packed with parallel collagen fibers, attaches muscles to bone, and can withstand great stress when pulled in one direction.

dense regular

This connective tissue looks like strands of wavy hair. It is very strong and attaches muscles to bones

dense regular

Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as ________.

enzymes; hormones

The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is

epithelial tissue

Two classes of macrophages include

fixed macrophages and free macrophages.

The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the

gap junction

Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are

holocrine glands.

Which of the following does NOT describe a multicellular exocrine gland?

hormone glands

Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum?

hyaline cartilage

Unlike cartilage, bone

is highly vascular

Wharton's jelly is a form of

mucous connective tissue.

Unicellular exocrine glands secrete

mucus.

This primary tissue type is the only one that can actively contract.

muscle

Which of these is not one of the four recognized tissue types?

nasal tissue

Simple epithelia have ________.

one type of epithelial cell, arranged in a single layer

Bone is also called __________.

osseous tissue

Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories?

osseous tissue

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the

peritoneum.

What activity does cell 1 undertake to contribute to the body's defense against injury and infection?

phagocytosis of foreign materials

Tissue changes with age include all of the following, except

proliferation of epidermal cells

Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways, except

provide strong connections between muscles and bones.

The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.

reticular connective

Epithelial cells are specialized to ________.

secrete, filter, and absorb

Adhesions between abdominopelvic organs occur when

serous membranes are damaged.

The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of

serous membranes.

The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are

simple and stratified.

Which tissue lines the small intestine and the stomach?

simple columnar epithelium

Of the basic muscle types, this is the "meat" of the body, attached to the skeleton, which moves the limbs and other body parts.

skeletal muscle

This type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs. It has no striations, and its cells are spindle shaped. It is __________.

smooth muscle

This epithelial tissue has many cell layers. It forms the outer layer of the skin.

stratified squamous

The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the

superficial fascia

Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance and adipocytes and mast cells fibers. This tissue would most likely have come from the

superficial fascia between skin and muscle.

Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue?

supporting connective tissue

All of the following are true of neurons, except that

they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.

Which of these tissue changes is not commonly found in an aging body?

thicker epidermis

The urinary bladder is lined by __________.

transitional epithelium

This tissue type is capable of changing its shape and stretching. It lines the urinary bladder and ureters.

transitional epithelium

The most common cell type in dense regular connective tissue is the __________.

Fibroblast

Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue?

Fibroblast

Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?

Fibroblasts

This is the toughest kind of cartilage. It is found in places that receive a lot of mechanical stress.

Fibrocartilage

The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called

Fibrosis

Cardiac muscle is found in the ________.

Heart

Which of the following describes a holocrine gland?

Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing

The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.

Hyaline

Which instrument is essential to the study of histology?

Microscope

Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have ________ at their free surface.

Microvilli

Epithelial cells with important transport functions such as absorption and secretion often bear __________ on their free surfaces.

Microvilli

__________ are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells.

Mucins

Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body?

Mucous

Select the tissue that is a simple epithelium.

Pseudostratified

Many types of epithelial cells perform the function of __________.

Secretion

Which of the following membrane types lines the ventral cavity of the body?

Serous

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch

The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle.

Smooth

__________ Muscle tissue lack(s) microscopic striations.

Smooth

Cells that are flat and thin are classified as

Squamous

All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity.

True

Endocrine and exocrine glands are classified as epithelium because they usually develop from epithelial membranes.

True

What function do transitional epithelia have?

What function do transitional epithelia have?

Squamous epithelial cells ________.

are thin and flat, like fish scales

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue, except

areolar tissue

Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary cell type?

bone; osteoblast

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

collagen, reticular, and elastic

superficial fascia between skin and muscle.

collagen.

The three categories of connective tissues are

connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.

Connective tissues are made of different combinations of ground substance and fibers. As you compare slides of connective tissues, which would most likely be the strongest type of connective tissue based on the composition of ground substance and fibers?

connective tissues high in collagen fibers

Which of the following is a dry membrane exposed to the air?

cutaneous membrane

The tissue that always has an apical surface is __________.

epithelial tissue

Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity?

epithelial tissue

Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a type of

epithelium.

Which of the following are effects of aging on the body's tissues?

increased risk of cancer change in tissue chemistry decline in tissue repair

The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is __________.

inflammation, organization, and regeneration

Smooth muscle __________.

is under involuntary control

Simple squamous epithelium is found __________.

lining blood vessels

Transitional epithelium is found

lining the urinary bladder.

Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are

macrophages.

Secretions from __________ control the process of inflammation.

mast cells

Which of these assists in tissue repair by dividing?

mesenchymal stem cells