Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 4
Which of the following tissues are classified as "connective tissue proper"?
1. areolar connective tissue 2. adipose tissue 3. fibrocartilage 4. dense irregular connective tissue 1, 2, and 4
Which of the numbered cell types is primarily responsible for producing protein fibers found in connective tissue proper?
2
What is not true of connective tissue?
All connective tissues contain elastic fibers.
Muscle tissue that is striated is either skeletal muscle or __________ muscle.
Cardiac
An epithelium whose cells are taller than they are wide is known as a __________ epithelium.
Columnar
What tissue type has polarity and is avascular?
Epithelium
Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) ________ secretion.
Merocrine
Antibodies are produced by
Plasmocytes
This connective tissue is made of hard calcified matrix and stores calcium and other minerals.
bone (osseous tissue)
This connective tissue looks like trees that have been cut across so as to show their many rings.
bone (osseous tissue)
Germinative cells
divide continually to produce new epithelial cells
Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are
endocrine glands.
The pancreas produces ________ secretions.
exocrine and endocrine
Exocrine glands are considered to be a type of connective tissue because ________.
exocrine glands are epithelial tissue, not connective tissue
Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except
extracellular matrix.
The sticky material between cells of areolar connective tissue is called the
ground substance.
In connective tissue, the role of elastic fibers is to __________.
provide flexibility
Which of these is a part of a neuron?
Axon Dendrite Cell body
nasal tissue
Desmosomes
The tissue that covers cartilage is the __________.
Perichondrium
Myosatellite cells are found within __________ muscle.
Skeletal
Which muscle tissue type is controlled voluntarily?
Skeletal
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
The cutaneous membrane is made of a simple columnar epithelium
Which of the following is NOT a role of connective tissue?
Absorption
This connective tissue consists of large round densely packed cells with the nucleus pushed to one side.
Adipose
_________ provide strength in many directions.
Dense irregular connective tissues
In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?
Desmosomes
What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood?
Erythrocyte
What additional component associated with outer skin epithelium is not seen in oral epithelium?
Keratin
cardiac muscle tissue.
They are richly vascularized.
This epithelial tissue forms the kidney tubules, and the ducts and secretory portions of small glands.
simple cuboidal
This tissue can look like the hexagonal tiles of a bathroom floor. It also forms the air sacs of the lungs.
simple squamous epithelium
The epithelium that forms air sacs in the lungs is
simple squamous epithelium.
The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as
simple squamous.
Myosatellite cells are found in association with
skeletal muscle
This type of connective tissue is primarily composed of cells.
Adipose
This type of connective tissue is found under epithelia, packaging organs, and surrounding capillaries.
Areolar
Which of these carries information electrically from one part of the body to another?
Axons
Which is the most atypical connective tissue since it does NOT connect things or provide structural support?
Blood
________ muscle cells consist of branched uninucleate cells with junctions called as intercalated discs.
Cardiac
Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous
Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous
Blood is which type of tissue?
Connective
This is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body
Connective
This is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body.
Connective
Which of the following statements is true?
Dense connective tissue includes a great deal of collagen
How are endocrine and exocrine glands different from each other?
Endocrine glands have no ducts.
This tissue type is a covering and lining tissue. It also includes glands
Epithelial
This tissue type is a covering and lining tissue. It includes glands.
Epithelial
All muscle cells contain striations.
False
Pseudostratified epithelia are well adapted to the digestive system because the cilia increase the surface area for absorption.
False
Chondrocytes are to larynx as osteocytes are to __________.
Femur
The body's first response to injury is __________.
Inflammation
Predict what would happen if a lung's visceral membrane were pulled away from its parietal membrane still attached to the chest wall.
Loss of membrane adhesive force would cause lung collapse.
All connective tissue is derived from an embryonic tissue known as __________.
Mesenchyme
Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.
Muscle
Two of the four primary tissue types contain excitable cells, cells that receive stimuli and generate electrical signals. One of these is muscle tissue. Name the other.
Nervous
Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue.
Neural
Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as
Neuroepithelia
The support cells found in nervous tissue are called ________.
Neuroglia
All the following are examples of connective tissue EXCEPT __________.
Neurons
Of the two major cell types found in nervous tissue, __________ cells are highly specialized to generate and conduct electrical signals.
Neurons
________ are cells that make up the brain and spinal cord and transmit electrical signals from receptor to effectors.
Neurons
Which of the following membrane types lines joint capsules?
Synovial
________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another.
Tendons; ligaments
What is not true of epithelial cells?
They are richly vascularized.
Which of the following is not a property of neuroglia?
They conduct electrical impulses.
Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false?
They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.
Groups of cells that are anatomically similar and share a function are called __________.
Tissues
You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the
Trachea
Blood is a type of connective tissue.
True
Deep fascia refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds __________.
a muscle
The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is
absorption and secretion.
Cells that store fat are called
adipocytes.
White fat is found in ________, while brown fat is found in ________.
adults; infants
Which of the following fiber types is not present in connective tissues?
basal fibers
Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to
bone.
Which tissues have little to no functional regenerative capacity?
cardiac muscle and nervous tissue in the brain and spinal cord
Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of
cardiac muscle tissue.
A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is
cartilage.
Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of
cartilage.
During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury?
cold, pale skin
This connective tissue is packed with parallel collagen fibers, attaches muscles to bone, and can withstand great stress when pulled in one direction.
dense elastic
This tough, strong, connective tissue is found beneath the epithelial tissue of the skin. It is packed with collagen fibers that run in all different directions.
dense irregular
Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are
dense irregular connective tissues.
This connective tissue is packed with parallel collagen fibers, attaches muscles to bone, and can withstand great stress when pulled in one direction.
dense regular
This connective tissue looks like strands of wavy hair. It is very strong and attaches muscles to bones
dense regular
Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as ________.
enzymes; hormones
The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is
epithelial tissue
Two classes of macrophages include
fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the
gap junction
Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are
holocrine glands.
Which of the following does NOT describe a multicellular exocrine gland?
hormone glands
Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum?
hyaline cartilage
Unlike cartilage, bone
is highly vascular
Wharton's jelly is a form of
mucous connective tissue.
Unicellular exocrine glands secrete
mucus.
This primary tissue type is the only one that can actively contract.
muscle
Which of these is not one of the four recognized tissue types?
nasal tissue
Simple epithelia have ________.
one type of epithelial cell, arranged in a single layer
Bone is also called __________.
osseous tissue
Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories?
osseous tissue
The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the
peritoneum.
What activity does cell 1 undertake to contribute to the body's defense against injury and infection?
phagocytosis of foreign materials
Tissue changes with age include all of the following, except
proliferation of epidermal cells
Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways, except
provide strong connections between muscles and bones.
The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.
reticular connective
Epithelial cells are specialized to ________.
secrete, filter, and absorb
Adhesions between abdominopelvic organs occur when
serous membranes are damaged.
The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of
serous membranes.
The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are
simple and stratified.
Which tissue lines the small intestine and the stomach?
simple columnar epithelium
Of the basic muscle types, this is the "meat" of the body, attached to the skeleton, which moves the limbs and other body parts.
skeletal muscle
This type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs. It has no striations, and its cells are spindle shaped. It is __________.
smooth muscle
This epithelial tissue has many cell layers. It forms the outer layer of the skin.
stratified squamous
The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the
superficial fascia
Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance and adipocytes and mast cells fibers. This tissue would most likely have come from the
superficial fascia between skin and muscle.
Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue?
supporting connective tissue
All of the following are true of neurons, except that
they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.
Which of these tissue changes is not commonly found in an aging body?
thicker epidermis
The urinary bladder is lined by __________.
transitional epithelium
This tissue type is capable of changing its shape and stretching. It lines the urinary bladder and ureters.
transitional epithelium
The most common cell type in dense regular connective tissue is the __________.
Fibroblast
Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue?
Fibroblast
Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?
Fibroblasts
This is the toughest kind of cartilage. It is found in places that receive a lot of mechanical stress.
Fibrocartilage
The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called
Fibrosis
Cardiac muscle is found in the ________.
Heart
Which of the following describes a holocrine gland?
Holocrine glands secrete their products by rupturing
The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.
Hyaline
Which instrument is essential to the study of histology?
Microscope
Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption or secretion usually have ________ at their free surface.
Microvilli
Epithelial cells with important transport functions such as absorption and secretion often bear __________ on their free surfaces.
Microvilli
__________ are water-soluble, complex glycoproteins that are secreted by goblet cells.
Mucins
Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body?
Mucous
Select the tissue that is a simple epithelium.
Pseudostratified
Many types of epithelial cells perform the function of __________.
Secretion
Which of the following membrane types lines the ventral cavity of the body?
Serous
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
Simple cuboidal epithelia are found in areas that stretch
The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle.
Smooth
__________ Muscle tissue lack(s) microscopic striations.
Smooth
Cells that are flat and thin are classified as
Squamous
All epithelia have two surfaces, an apical surface and a basal surface, that differ in both structure and function. This property is called polarity.
True
Endocrine and exocrine glands are classified as epithelium because they usually develop from epithelial membranes.
True
What function do transitional epithelia have?
What function do transitional epithelia have?
Squamous epithelial cells ________.
are thin and flat, like fish scales
Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue, except
areolar tissue
Which tissue is correctly paired with its primary cell type?
bone; osteoblast
The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are
collagen, reticular, and elastic
superficial fascia between skin and muscle.
collagen.
The three categories of connective tissues are
connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues.
Connective tissues are made of different combinations of ground substance and fibers. As you compare slides of connective tissues, which would most likely be the strongest type of connective tissue based on the composition of ground substance and fibers?
connective tissues high in collagen fibers
Which of the following is a dry membrane exposed to the air?
cutaneous membrane
The tissue that always has an apical surface is __________.
epithelial tissue
Which tissue type consists of a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity?
epithelial tissue
Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a type of
epithelium.
Which of the following are effects of aging on the body's tissues?
increased risk of cancer change in tissue chemistry decline in tissue repair
The correct order of events in tissue repair, from first to last, is __________.
inflammation, organization, and regeneration
Smooth muscle __________.
is under involuntary control
Simple squamous epithelium is found __________.
lining blood vessels
Transitional epithelium is found
lining the urinary bladder.
Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are
macrophages.
Secretions from __________ control the process of inflammation.
mast cells
Which of these assists in tissue repair by dividing?
mesenchymal stem cells