Anatomy and Physiology Final Chapter 3

Which of the following is characteristic of cilia? They move substances in many directions across a cell's surfaces. They are substantially longer than flagella, and are less common than flagella in humans. They are whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur in large numbers on the exposed surfaces of certain cells. They are used for cellular adhesion.

They are whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur in large numbers on the exposed surfaces of certain cells. Cilia are whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur, typically in large numbers, on the exposed surfaces of certain cells. Ciliary action moves substances in one direction across cell surfaces. Centrioles forming the bases of cilia and flagella are commonly referred to as basal bodies.

Crenation (shrinking) is likely to occur in blood cells immersed in ________. a hypotonic solution a hypertonic solution blood plasma an isotonic solution

a hypertonic solution

What is a membrane potential? a voltage or electrical charge across the plasma membrane the possibility of cell activity the ability of the cells to perform their specialized functions cooperation between cells

a voltage or electrical charge across the plasma membrane The membrane potential is the electrical potential energy (measured in millivolts) resulting from the separation of oppositely charged particles (ions) across the plasma membrane. At rest, membrane potentials are typically negative, ranging from −50 to −100 mV, with more anions (than cations) concentrated along the internal surface of the membrane, and more cations (than anions) concentrated along the external surface.

labeled cell

chromatin nucleolus cytosol microtubule intermediate filament nuclear envelope plasma membrane

Which of the following is not a major function of proteins in the cell membrane? forming the entire glycocalyx forming channels acting as receptors anchoring cells to other structures

forming the entire glycocalyx The glycocalyx is composed mostly of carbohydrates.

Red blood cells

isotonic solutions hypertonic solutions hypotonic solutions

Which of the following structures would aid a cell in allowing more nutrients to be absorbed by the cell? stereocilia microvilli flagella primary cilia

microvilli

Which cellular organelle is seen in this figure?

mitochondrion

figure 3.3

nonpolar tail of phospholipid molecule polar head of phospholipid molecule cholesterol glycolipid glycoprotein peripheral proteins integral proteins

A cell engulfing a relatively large particle will likely utilize ________. phagocytosis pinocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis exocytosis

phagocytosis

What part of a cell membrane is usually in contact with the interstitial fluid? cholesterol fatty acid tails phosphate heads of phospholipids hydrophobic molecules

phosphate heads of phospholipids The phosphate heads of the phospholipids are polar, so they are attracted to the polar water molecules.

Which of the following is the main component of the cell membrane? carbohydrates water cholesterol phospholipids

phospholipids Although phospholipids have a polar head, the long fatty acid tails are nonpolar, making the membrane mostly nonpolar.

If a cell is non-selectively engulfing samples of extracellular fluid, for example to absorb nutrients, it will likely utilize ________. phagocytosis pinocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis exocytosis

pinocytosis

Although phospholipids have a polar head, the long fatty acid tails are nonpolar, making the membrane mostly nonpolar. not permeable fully permeable semipermeable impermeable

semipermeable The cell membrane is semipermeable, or selectively permeable, because some things can easily pass through it while others cannot.

labeled cell

smooth endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion lysosomes centrioles nucleus rough endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes golgi apparatus

A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________. neither shrink nor swell swell and burst shrink swell initially, then shrink as equilibrium is reached

swell and burst

What major function occurs on the specific membranes indicated by A? digestion of ingested food production of most of the cell's ATP synthesis of proteins replication of DNA

synthesis of proteins Structure A is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The figure illustrates how proteins are synthesized on ribosomes bound to the rough ER, sorted and modified in the Golgi apparatus, and delivered to the plasma membrane for secretion or packaged into lysosomes.

Dividing cells must pass through the phases of mitosis the following order: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

true