Anatomy and Physiology II quiz
Essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body, so they must be obtained from food or supplements. How many essential amino acids are there?
9
Which of the following statements is true regarding humoral immunity?
A T-Helper cell can activate the B-Lymphocyte
Which of the following statements is true of the lymphatic system?
A function of the lymph nodes is to assist in activation of the immune system
The process of capacitation within fertilization involves:
A period of time that allows the sperm's motility is enhanced and their membranes become fragile
Which of the following donor types would be compatible with an A+ recipient?
A-
Which type of humoral immunity is generated when an individual receives a vaccine?
Active acquired humoral immunity
Which of the following is a benefit to the inflammatory process?
Acts as an alarm for the adaptive immune system
T and B cells are components of the:
Adaptive immune system
Which type of immunity is dependent upon antigen exposure?
Adaptive immune system
Blood enters the glomerulus via the:
Afferent arteriole
Which of the following hormones does influences urine formation by affecting the body's sodium retention?
Aldosterone
Which of the extraembryonic membranes helps form the umbilical cord?
Allantois
Which statement is true regarding blood?
Anticoagulants drugs, such as aspirin, interfere with the hemostasis process.
Coronary arteries branch from the ____ and provide oxygenated blood to the cardiac cells.
Aorta
Which of the following valves are classified as "semilunar" valves?
Aortic and pulmonary valves
Which of the following choices is the correct route of blood flow through the systemic circuit after leaving the heart?
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
Which of the following statements is true of the epididymis?
As sperm pass through it, they maturate
Which type of white blood cell releases histamine and is normally the lowest in amount/volume of the white blood cells?
Basophil
Which statement is true regarding blood pressure?
Blood pressure can be influenced by body position and emotional states.
Which statement is true?
Blood pressure is a measurement of systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
Which of the following statements is true regarding the pathway of blood through the heart?
Blood returning to the heart from the lungs enters the left atrium
Which statement is true regarding the hemostasis process?
Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways lead to same common final pathway in the coagulation process.
Which of the following is the first phase of deglutition?
Buccal phase
Which of the following structures is responsible for lubricating the urethra before semen is transported through it?
Bulbourethral glands
Which of the following structures secretes an alkaline fluid?
Bulbourethral glands
Which of the following is NOT a fat soluble vitamin?
C
Which of the following is true of the cardiac output?
CO is equal to heart rate multiplied stroke volume.
Which statement is true of blood vessels?
Capillaries are the only type of vessel that allow exchange of gases and nutrients.
What macronutrient is easiest for the body to digest?
Carbohydrate
Which macronutrient begins digestion within the mouth?
Carbohydrate
Which of the following nutrients provides energy for the body?
Carbohydrates
Which of the following organs receives digested food directly from the small intestine?
Cecum
Which is NOT true of the mouth?
Contains enzymes that break down proteins
Lymph fluid leaves the lymph nodes through which vessel?
Efferent lymph vessel
The process by which lipids are broken down into smaller droplets is called:
Emulsification
Which of the following structures undergoes the most physiological changes during a menstrual cycle?
Endometrium
Which of the following statements is true about proteins?
Enzymatic function is one of their functions
Which of the following statements is true regarding hormone stimulation of blood cell production?
Erythropoietin is produced by the kidney and stimulates red blood cell production.
Which of the following statements is true about carbohydrates?
Excess carbohydrate intake is stored within fat cells
Which of the following statements is true of the innate immune defenses?
Exposure rate of the pathogen does not matter for its maximum effectiveness
Ketones are a byproduct of _____ metabolism.
Fat
Which statement is true regarding the hemostasis?
Fibrinogen is converted into thrombin threads that reinforce the platelet plug
Which statement is true regarding blood plasma proteins?
Fibrinogen is involved in the hemostasis process.
Which of the following is a role of the nasal cavity?
Filter and clean incoming air
Which of the following anatomical features increases surface area of the small intestine?
Finger like extensions, called villi, of the mucosa
Which of the following is true regarding the bile?
Gallstones can develop within the gallbladder due to increased levels of cholesterol or bile salts in the bile
Which of the following is an example of chemical digestion?
Gastric juices
What is true of the gastric secretion process?
Gastrin secreted stimulates the production and release of hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Which of the following is an anabolic reaction?
Gloconeogenesis
Which of the following carbohydrates is most easily transformed to ATP to supply the body's energy?
Glucose
Which of the following statements is true?
Heart rate can influence cardiac output
Which statement is true regarding blood cells?
Hemoglobin is structure that binds oxygen molecules to erythrocytes.
Which of the following is true regarding inflammation?
Histamine stimulates the process of vasodilation
This hormone spikes after the egg is fertilized, maintains the viability of the corpus luteum and tested for within at home pregnancy tests?
Human chorionic gonadotropin
Which of the following factors decreases stroke volume?
Hypoxia
For expiration to occur, the intrapulmonary pressure has to:
Increase compared to atmospheric air pressure
Inflammation and mucous membranes are components of the:
Innate immune system
Skin and fever are components of the:
Innate immune system
Which type of immunity has an immediate response?
Innate immune system
Which sphincter is under unconscious control?
Internal urethral sphincter
The follicular phase of the ovarian cycle:
Involves a surge of estrogen secretion
Which of the following statements is true of the mesentery?
It contains many blood vessels.
Which of the following is true regarding saliva?
It contains the digestive enzyme amylase
Which statement is true regarding cardiac tissue?
It contains thick and thin filaments that are involved in the contraction process
Which of the following statements is true of cellular immunity?
It destroys specific cells of the body by causing them to go through apoptosis
Which of the following statements is true of ovulation?
It happens on day 14 of a 28-day cycle
Which of the following statements is true of a fever?
It is a systemic response to pathogen or some sort of infection
which statement is true regarding the blood plasma protein albumin?
It is involved in transport of materials within the blood.
Which of the following is true of the trachea?
Its lumen is lined with cilia
The bicuspid valve prevents blood flowing back into the:
Left atrium
The aortic valve prevents blood flowing back into the:
Left ventricle
Which term describes the conversion of excess glucose to fat?
Lipogenesis
Which of the following statements is true of lymph nodes?
Lymph nodes can become inflamed
Which of the following is true regarding the digestive system?
Mechanical and chemical digestion occurs in the stomach
Teeth assist with which type of digestion?
Mechanical digestion
Which of the following blood cells is considered an "agranulocyte"?
Monocyte
Which of the following structures is located most anteriorly on a female body?
Mons pubis
Blood flows from the elastic arteries to the ___ then ___.
Muscular arteries; arterioles
Which type of white blood cell is most numerous and typically increased with bacterial infections?
Neutrophil
What statement is true regarding blood vessels?
Nutrient, gas and product exchange only occurs in the capillaries
Which of the following donor types would be compatible with a B- recipient?
O-
What is true of gas exchange within the lungs?
Occurs at the type I alveolar cells
Which of the following statements is true?
One function of blood is to help regulate body temperature
Which of the following statements is true of fiber?
Our bodies can digest it and extract the nutrients from it
Which of the following structures is released from an ovary during ovulation?
Ovum
Which cell creates and secretes hydrochloric acid?
Parietal cells
Which of the following statements is true of the stomach?
Parietal cells produce intrinsic factor
Which muscle is not considered a respiratory muscle?
Pectoralis major muscle
Exposure rate of the pathogen does not matter for its maximum effectiveness
Plasma
Complex carbohydrates are made of _____.
Polysaccharides
Omega-3 is a type of ______ .
Polyunsaturated fat
A consistent resting blood pressure of 120/88 would be considered:
Prehypertension
What is true of the chordae tendineae?
Prevent the AV cusps from closing improperly
Which of the following hormones is released from the corpus luteum?
Progesterone
Blood exiting the right ventricle flows through which valve?
Pulmonary
Which part of the stomach leads to the small intestine?
Pyloric sphincter
Which of the following statements is true regarding red blood cells?
RBCs have no nucleus
Which volume of air is always contained within the lungs, even on forced expiration?
Residual volume
Patients with breathing difficulty often use accessory breathing muscles. Which of the following may assist in inspiration due to its role as an accessory breathing muscle?
Scalene muscles
The portion of semen that is composed of alkaline fluid that contains fructose and other enzymes is produced by:
Seminal vesicles
Which of the following is the most external layer of the alimentary canal?
Serosa
In which section of the gastrointestinal tract is digestion and absorption of nutrients complete?
Small intestine
Which of the following is NOT found in gastric juices?
Sodium bicarbonate ions
Protein digestion begins in which section of the gastrointestinal tract?
Stomach
What is secreted by the alveoli cells that prevent the lungs from collapsing between each breath by reducing surface tension?
Surfactant
Which statement is NOT true regarding the cardiac cycle?
Systole relates to when the ventricles are not contracting
Which of the following statements is true of the humoral and cellular immune defenses?
The T-Cytotoxic cells seek out cells with a specific antigen epitope and destroy/kill them
What statement is true regarding blood vessels?
The arteries typically carry oxygenated blood from away from the heart
the contraction of the heart follows which sequence?
The atria contract together, then the ventricles contract together
Which statement is true regarding the circuits of the body and the heart?
The atria receive blood from the body circuits, while the ventricles pump blood to the body circuits
Which of the following statements is true of the seminiferous tubules?
The cells inside of the seminiferous tubules produce sperm cells
Which of the following statements is true of gastric secretion?
The cephalic phase is triggered by the sight or smell of food
Which of the following statements is true of the uterus?
The cervix contains cervical glands that lubricate the vagina
Which of the following statements is true of the female reproductive system?
The clitoris is the erectile tissue of the female reproductive system
What statement is true regarding the cardiac conduction system?
The electrical activity generated by the cardiac conduction system correlates to the electrocardiogram measurement
Which of the following is true regarding the cardiac conduction system?
The intercalated discs of the muscle cells allow for the transmission of the electrical impulse generated by the SA node
Which of the following is true?
The large intestine will absorb water from the remaining indigestible food
Which statement about the lungs and bronchi is true?
The left lung has 2 lobes
Which of the following statements is true of the lymphatic vessels?
The lymphatic vessels have flaps that allows fluid surrounding them to easily enter into the vessels
Which statement is true regarding the heart?
The myocardium primarily receives its blood flow from the coronary arteries and its branches
What factor does NOT influence stroke volume?
The oxygen levels in the blood
Which of the following accessory organs of digestion produces enzyme that break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats?
The pancreas
Which statement is true regarding the heart?
The papillary muscles are attached to the chordae tendineae
Which of the following is true about the breathing process?
The pleura of the lungs play a role in the breathing process
Which of the following is true of the pleura of the lungs?
The pleural cavity allows the lungs to expand and contract without friction
Which of the following is true about the breathing process?
The pleural fluid allows the lungs to expand without friction in the thoracic cavity
Which of the following statements is true regarding the adaptable immune defenses?
The response with the adaptable immune defense depends upon antigen exposure (the first time or 2+ time it has been exposed to the antigen will make a difference)
The "dub" sound (or S2) is created by:
The semilunar valves closing
Which of the following statements is true of the male reproductive system?
The testes are temperature sensitive for optimal sperm production
Which of the following statements is true of the male duct system?
The urethra is part of the male reproductive and urinary systems
Which of the following statements is true of the penis?
The urethra is surrounded by an erectile tissue
Which of the following statements is true of the female reproductive system?
The vagina has an acidic pH
Which of the following statements is true of the vagina?
The vaginal orifice is found within the vestibule
Which of the following statements is true regarding the cardiac cycle?
The ventricles contract at the same time
Which of the following is true regarding the larynx?
The vestibular folds assist in closing the glottis to prevent food and water entering the trachea
Which of the following statements is true regarding someone with AB blood type?
There are A and B antigens found on the surface of these red blood cells.
Which of the following statements is true of the ovarian and uterine cycles?
There are multiple follicles that start to develop each month cycle
Which of the following organs/tissues is NOT a component of the lymphatic system?
Thyroid gland
Which term best describes the normal amount of air that is brought into and out of the lungs during quiet or resting breathing?
Tidal volume
Which of the following valves are classified as "atrioventricular" valves?
Tricuspid and mitral valves
Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
The thickest layer of an artery is the:
Tunica media
Which type of fat is liquid at room temperature?
Unsaturated
Which type of fat is thought to have cardio-protective benefits?
Unsaturated
The first step of hemostasis is:
Vascular spasm
The structure of lymphatic vessels is most similar to the structure of:
Veins
Which term best describes the amount of air expelled from the lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort?
Vital capacity
Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?
Vitamin B
Which of the following vitamins is water soluble?
Vitamin C
The menstrual phase of the uterine cycle occurs:
When estrogen and progesterone are at their lowest levels
Tubular secretion occurs when:
When the blood vessels secrete larger molecules, such as proteins, into the renal tubules
Which statement is true regarding blood typing?
blood type O- is the universal donor
Leukopoiesis occurs in which of the following organs?
bone marrow
Which of the following makes up the majority of the "formed elements" in the blood?
erythrocytes
A female will develop over a million mature follicles in her lifetime.
false
As the inspiratory muscles contract, the thoracic volume increases leading to an increase of pulmonary volume, which increases the intrapulmonary pressure.
false
Blood entering the left atrium is deoxygenated.
false
Bradycardia is characterized as a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute.
false
Capacitation and acrosomal reaction are two processes that allow for ovulation to occur.
false
Cholesterol found in food directly elevates the body's blood cholesterol levels.
false
Disaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine.
false
During parturition, FSH creates a positive feedback loop to increase the intensity and frequency of contractions.
false
Female sex hormones are produced in the uterus and ovary.
false
For inspiration to occur, intrapulmonary pressure must be higher than atmospheric pressure?
false
For the heart to contract effectively, the right side of the heart contracts while the left side of the heart fills with blood and then the left side contracts while the right side of the heart fills with blood.
false
Gametes are diploid and include the sperm cells and egg cells.
false
In the cardiac cycle, the right atrium fills first, then the left atrium.
false
Ovulation releases a mature follicle from the uterus into the fallopian tube.
false
Red blood cells have a lifespan of about 30-40 days.
false
The AV node is known as the "pacemaker" of the heart and is responsible for initiating each heartbeat.
false
The base of the heart is located near the inferior aspect of the heart, while the apex is located superiorly.
false
The blood pressure of veins should always be slightly higher than arteries in a healthy person.
false
The cardiac conduction system allows for the heart to contract in a very coordinated mechanism that is dependent upon the AV node to generate the electrical impulse.
false
The cardiac conduction system causes the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart to contract at the same time, and then the left atrium and left ventricle contract at that same time?
false
The conversion of carbohydrate to ATP is an anabolic process.
false
The coronary arteries are branches off the pulmonary arteries that supply the heart the layers of the heart with blood.
false
The corpus luteum is released from the ovary into the uterine tube each month during menstruation.
false
The entire cardiac cycle is dependent upon the AV node generating the electrical impulse to start a heartbeat.
false
The esophagus is anterior to the trachea.
false
The glomerulus receives the filtrate from the minor and major calyxes.
false
The heme group of hemoglobin consists of protein.
false
The pericardium of the heart provides an ability of the heart to contract in a frictionless surface and consists of one thick connective tissue layer.
false
The pharynx assists in moistening and humidifying inhaled air?
false
The primary role of the smooth surrounding the bronchi is to provide structural support.
false
The trachea is part of the gastrointestinal tract.
false
The vas deferens is responsible for maturing sperm before ejaculation occurs?
false
The visceral pleura is found attached to the inner surface of the thoracic cavity.
false
Trabeculae carneae are commonly found in both the atria and ventricles.
false
t/f In regard to blood typing, antibodies are found on the surface of red blood cells.
false
Which of the following is a trace mineral, meaning the body needs small quantities on a regular basis to sustain health?
iron
The ileum leads into which of the following organs?
large intestine
Which of the following components of blood provides immunity against infections and pathogens?
leukocytes
Someone with type O blood has which antigens present on their erythrocytes?
neither A nor B
Which of the following blood cells is classified as a "granulocyte"?
neutrophil
Which type of white blood cell is most numerous and typically increased with bacterial infections
neutrophil
Which of the following is an example of chemical digestion?
secretion of enzymes
Which of the following organs secretes gastrin?
stomach
After ovulation the corpus luteum is formed for the remaining granulosa cells.
true
Blood entering the right atrium is deoxygenated.
true
Female sex hormones are produced in the ovaries.
true
Gloconeogensis is a process that the body uses to generate glucose when blood sugar falls too low.
true
Glucose is a monosaccharide.
true
HDL is considered "good cholesterol."
true
Lung capacity refers to two or more lung volumes being added together.
true
Lymph nodes are responsible for filtration and activating the immune system.
true
Phagocytes are cells that have the capability of engulfing other cells, including human and bacterial cells, along with cellular debris to digest and break down.
true
Prolonged elevated protein metabolism may overwhelm kidneys with urea and ammonia byproducts.
true
Protein is made of amino acids.
true
Soluble fiber helps in cholesterol absorption.
true
Substances that are reabsorbed ultimately leave the body through urination.
true
The Krebs cycle is an essential catabolic process to convert food to the body's fuel of ATP.
true
The SA node can influence cardiac output.
true
The antigen determinant, also known as epitope, is the location on an antigen that the immune system can recognize.
true
The bladder drains urine directly into the urethra.
true
The bronchial tree allows for passage of air and gasses to reach the alveolar sacs where gas exchange occurs.
true
The gallbladder is involved in fat metabolism.
true
The lymphatic system has a function/role in recovering fluid that is lost from the capillaries.
true
The majority of semen content is composed of seminal vesicle fluid.
true
The menstruation phase of the uterine cycle involves the breakdown of the functional layer (stratum functionalis) of the endometrium.
true
The nasal conchae assist in the filtering and moistening incoming air within the nasal cavity.
true
The normal heart resting rate is set by the SA node but the overall heart rate can be speed up due to influences by the sympathetic nervous system.
true
The thickest layer of large veins is the tunica externa.
true
The thoracic and pulmonary volumes both have the ability to increase.
true
The trachealis muscle is located on the posterior aspect of the trachea, facing the esophagus.
true
The uvula is a projection of the soft palate that assists in closing off the nasopharynx during chewing and swallowing.
true
The ventricles are contracting when the heart is in the systolic phase.
true
After an egg is fertilized, it is referred to as a/an:
zygote
Oxygen and carbon dioxide gas exchange in the lungs occurs due to:
Diffusion