Anatomy & Physiology Midterm

Slowly lowering a weight held in the hand (extending the elbow) is an example of ____ contraction.

an eccentric

Gap junctions are

an electrical synapse

The scientific discipline which investigates the structure of the body is

anatomy

What muscle attaches to the hair follicle and causes the hair to stand on end when it contracts?

arrector pili muscle

What covers the end of bones where they come together to form joints?

articular cartilage

Which hormones influence bone growth?

both sex and growth hormones

What are the kissing muscles?

buccinator and orbicularis oris

Which muscle group name and function is correctly matched?

fixator(--) helps hold a bone in place

The spinal cord passes through the _______ in the occipital bone to connect to the brain?

foramen magnum

Which of the following is NOT a hamstring muscle?

gracilis

Which of the following is NOT true of cerebral anatomy?

gyri are shallow grooves on the cortex

Which of the following is NOT a protective function of the skin?

heat insulator

The state of maintaining a relatively constant internal environment is

homeostasis

What bone is attached to the skull by ligaments and muscles, but has no direct bony articulation with any other bone?

hyoid

What are the fibrocartilage structures found in between each vertebrae?

intervertebral disks

Which is true of the first cervical vertebrae?

it is called the atlas

The layer of the dermis that produces the fingerprints is the

papillary layer

Which hormone increases bone matrix breakdown in order to increase blood calcium concentrations?

parathyroid hormone

The conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors is

perception

The connective tissue covering of skeletal muscles that surrounds fascicles is the

perimysium

What connective tissue covering surrounds groups of axons to form fascicles?

perineurium

The scientific discipline which deals with the processes or functions of living things is

physiology

Which structure forms the outer boundary of a cell, allowing the cell to interact with the external environment?

plasma membrane

Which is the correct sequence seen in cell membranes undergoing an action potential?

polarized, depolarized, repolarized, polarized

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

polypeptides

What sensory area of the cerebral cortex is correctly matched?

primary auditory cortex(--) temporal lobe

What is found on the postcentral gyrus?

primary somatic sensory cortex

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the nervous system?

protecting the body

Which type of skin gland secretes an oily substance that lubricates the hair and the surface of the skin?

sebaceous

The most common and most important energy transfer molecule of the body is

ATP

What is the building block molecule of proteins?

amino acids

What structure joins the frontal bone to the parietal bones?

coronal suture

The division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two new cells is

cytokinesis

The diploid number of chromosomes in humans is

46

According to the sliding filament model of contraction, which gets smaller during contraction?

I bands

Which of the following is NOT true of the myelin sheath?

It gives a dark gray appearance to nerves and slows the nerve impulse.

Which cranial nerve pair has the Roman numeral designation II?

Optic

Which of the following is NOT a primary taste?

Peppery

Which of the following is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?

Spinal cord

Which of the following is NOT true of reflexes?

They are consciously controlled

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Vitamin A production

What vitamin is necessary for normal absorption of calcium across the intestines?

Vitamin D

The weak attraction that occurs between the oppositely charged regions of polar molecules is

a hydrogen bond

The threadlike structure that extends from one end of the muscle fiber to the other is called

a myofibril

The period of complete insensitivity to another stimulus is called the

absolute refractory period

According to the sliding filament model, which myofilament actually slides?

actin myofilament

Electrical signals called ______ travel from the brain or spinal cord along axons to muscle fibers and cause them to contract.

action potentials

A genetic trait that causes a deficiency in melanin production is

albinism

Which of the following is NOT an energy source for the production of ATP for muscle contraction?

alcoholic fermentation

What is the correct order of the strata of the epidermis from deep to superficial?

basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

Which two muscles would you predict to be antagonists?

biceps brachii and biceps femoris

Which of the following is NOT a component of a negative feedback mechanism?

blood pressure

What type of muscle tissue is described by branched, cylindrical fibers, intercalated disks, and involuntary action?

cardiac muscle

short, branched, striated, cylindrical fibers with intercalated disks would describe

cardiac muscle

Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue type?

cartilage

Epithelial tissue is classified by:

cell shape and number of layers

Which part of the brain is most involved with coordination of skeletal muscles and maintaining balance and posture?

cerebellum

Which of the following is the correct order of organization from simple to complex?

chemical, cell, tissue organ, organ system, organism

Which of the following is NOT part of the rib cage?

clavicles

Which of the following is NOT an auditory ossicle?

cochlea

Flexible strength of the bone matrix comes from

collagen

What membrane covering the inside of the eyelid can become inflamed and result in pinkeye?

conjunctiva

All of the following are functions of epithelial tissue except

connects tissues to one another and insulates

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

controlling the functions of the cell

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

controls motor functions

Sutriae, or stretch marks, result from damage to the

dermis

What is the major muscle of respiration?

diaphragm

Which type of skin gland is very important in body temperature regulation?

eccrine sweat glands

Which functional property of muscles is correctly matched with its description?

elasticity(--)the ability to recoil to original resting length after stretching

Which of the following is NOT true of ionic bonding?

electrons are shared between atoms

Which of the following is true of covalent bonding?

electrons are shared between atoms

Which tissue type makes up the epidermis?

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What area of the brain plays a role in basic survival functions such as memory, reproduction, and nutrition?

limbic system

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

maintaining normal blood pressure

Which sensory receptor is NOT correctly matched with it's type of stimulus?

mechanoreceptors(--)pain

What type of receptors are involved with two-point discrimination?

meissner corpuscles

The pigment secreted in the skin to absorb ultraviolet light is

melanin

What type of carbohydrate can be used directly as an energy source?

monosaccharides

What is stored in synaptic vesicles?

neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine

Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes?

one enzyme can often catalyze numerous different chemical reactions.

Another name for the eye socket is the

orbit

The more stationary end of a muscle is called the

origin

Cells that produce new bone matrix are the

osteoblasts

Which of the following is NOT true of cones?

responsible for the blindspot

What structure is the smallest unit capable of contracting?

sarcomere

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of smooth muscle?

sarcomeres

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

sensation

Which of the following is the correct reflex arc component order?

sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector organ

What makes up the genetic code?

sequence of bases on DNA

A series of interconnected membraneous sacs and tubules that are the sites for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis, and detoxification of chemicals are the

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Systemic anatomy is the study of body

structure by systems

The weight bearing bone of the lower leg is the

tibia

Which of the following is NOT part of the thin myofilament?

titin

Which joint is either NOT correctly matched with its example?

synchondrosis (--) epiphyseal plate

Which event of mitosis is NOT matched to the correct phase?

telophase: nuclear membrane breaks down and chromosomes appear

The plasma membrane of a cell NOT conducting an action potential is said to be polarized because

there are opposite charges across the membrane.

What structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear?

tympanic membrane

Osteoblast activity would be expected to be high

when blood calcium levels are high

Another name for the cheekbone is the

zygomatic bone