Anatomy & Physiology Midterm
Slowly lowering a weight held in the hand (extending the elbow) is an example of ____ contraction.
an eccentric
Gap junctions are
an electrical synapse
The scientific discipline which investigates the structure of the body is
anatomy
What muscle attaches to the hair follicle and causes the hair to stand on end when it contracts?
arrector pili muscle
What covers the end of bones where they come together to form joints?
articular cartilage
Which hormones influence bone growth?
both sex and growth hormones
What are the kissing muscles?
buccinator and orbicularis oris
Which muscle group name and function is correctly matched?
fixator(--) helps hold a bone in place
The spinal cord passes through the _______ in the occipital bone to connect to the brain?
foramen magnum
Which of the following is NOT a hamstring muscle?
gracilis
Which of the following is NOT true of cerebral anatomy?
gyri are shallow grooves on the cortex
Which of the following is NOT a protective function of the skin?
heat insulator
The state of maintaining a relatively constant internal environment is
homeostasis
What bone is attached to the skull by ligaments and muscles, but has no direct bony articulation with any other bone?
hyoid
What are the fibrocartilage structures found in between each vertebrae?
intervertebral disks
Which is true of the first cervical vertebrae?
it is called the atlas
The layer of the dermis that produces the fingerprints is the
papillary layer
Which hormone increases bone matrix breakdown in order to increase blood calcium concentrations?
parathyroid hormone
The conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory receptors is
perception
The connective tissue covering of skeletal muscles that surrounds fascicles is the
perimysium
What connective tissue covering surrounds groups of axons to form fascicles?
perineurium
The scientific discipline which deals with the processes or functions of living things is
physiology
Which structure forms the outer boundary of a cell, allowing the cell to interact with the external environment?
plasma membrane
Which is the correct sequence seen in cell membranes undergoing an action potential?
polarized, depolarized, repolarized, polarized
Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?
polypeptides
What sensory area of the cerebral cortex is correctly matched?
primary auditory cortex(--) temporal lobe
What is found on the postcentral gyrus?
primary somatic sensory cortex
Which of the following is NOT a major function of the nervous system?
protecting the body
Which type of skin gland secretes an oily substance that lubricates the hair and the surface of the skin?
sebaceous
The most common and most important energy transfer molecule of the body is
ATP
What is the building block molecule of proteins?
amino acids
What structure joins the frontal bone to the parietal bones?
coronal suture
The division of the cytoplasm of a cell to produce two new cells is
cytokinesis
The diploid number of chromosomes in humans is
46
According to the sliding filament model of contraction, which gets smaller during contraction?
I bands
Which of the following is NOT true of the myelin sheath?
It gives a dark gray appearance to nerves and slows the nerve impulse.
Which cranial nerve pair has the Roman numeral designation II?
Optic
Which of the following is NOT a primary taste?
Peppery
Which of the following is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?
Spinal cord
Which of the following is NOT true of reflexes?
They are consciously controlled
Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?
Vitamin A production
What vitamin is necessary for normal absorption of calcium across the intestines?
Vitamin D
The weak attraction that occurs between the oppositely charged regions of polar molecules is
a hydrogen bond
The threadlike structure that extends from one end of the muscle fiber to the other is called
a myofibril
The period of complete insensitivity to another stimulus is called the
absolute refractory period
According to the sliding filament model, which myofilament actually slides?
actin myofilament
Electrical signals called ______ travel from the brain or spinal cord along axons to muscle fibers and cause them to contract.
action potentials
A genetic trait that causes a deficiency in melanin production is
albinism
Which of the following is NOT an energy source for the production of ATP for muscle contraction?
alcoholic fermentation
What is the correct order of the strata of the epidermis from deep to superficial?
basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
Which two muscles would you predict to be antagonists?
biceps brachii and biceps femoris
Which of the following is NOT a component of a negative feedback mechanism?
blood pressure
What type of muscle tissue is described by branched, cylindrical fibers, intercalated disks, and involuntary action?
cardiac muscle
short, branched, striated, cylindrical fibers with intercalated disks would describe
cardiac muscle
Which of the following is NOT a primary tissue type?
cartilage
Epithelial tissue is classified by:
cell shape and number of layers
Which part of the brain is most involved with coordination of skeletal muscles and maintaining balance and posture?
cerebellum
Which of the following is the correct order of organization from simple to complex?
chemical, cell, tissue organ, organ system, organism
Which of the following is NOT part of the rib cage?
clavicles
Which of the following is NOT an auditory ossicle?
cochlea
Flexible strength of the bone matrix comes from
collagen
What membrane covering the inside of the eyelid can become inflamed and result in pinkeye?
conjunctiva
All of the following are functions of epithelial tissue except
connects tissues to one another and insulates
Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
controlling the functions of the cell
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
controls motor functions
Sutriae, or stretch marks, result from damage to the
dermis
What is the major muscle of respiration?
diaphragm
Which type of skin gland is very important in body temperature regulation?
eccrine sweat glands
Which functional property of muscles is correctly matched with its description?
elasticity(--)the ability to recoil to original resting length after stretching
Which of the following is NOT true of ionic bonding?
electrons are shared between atoms
Which of the following is true of covalent bonding?
electrons are shared between atoms
Which tissue type makes up the epidermis?
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What area of the brain plays a role in basic survival functions such as memory, reproduction, and nutrition?
limbic system
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
maintaining normal blood pressure
Which sensory receptor is NOT correctly matched with it's type of stimulus?
mechanoreceptors(--)pain
What type of receptors are involved with two-point discrimination?
meissner corpuscles
The pigment secreted in the skin to absorb ultraviolet light is
melanin
What type of carbohydrate can be used directly as an energy source?
monosaccharides
What is stored in synaptic vesicles?
neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine
Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes?
one enzyme can often catalyze numerous different chemical reactions.
Another name for the eye socket is the
orbit
The more stationary end of a muscle is called the
origin
Cells that produce new bone matrix are the
osteoblasts
Which of the following is NOT true of cones?
responsible for the blindspot
What structure is the smallest unit capable of contracting?
sarcomere
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of smooth muscle?
sarcomeres
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
sensation
Which of the following is the correct reflex arc component order?
sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector organ
What makes up the genetic code?
sequence of bases on DNA
A series of interconnected membraneous sacs and tubules that are the sites for lipid and carbohydrate synthesis, and detoxification of chemicals are the
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Systemic anatomy is the study of body
structure by systems
The weight bearing bone of the lower leg is the
tibia
Which of the following is NOT part of the thin myofilament?
titin
Which joint is either NOT correctly matched with its example?
synchondrosis (--) epiphyseal plate
Which event of mitosis is NOT matched to the correct phase?
telophase: nuclear membrane breaks down and chromosomes appear
The plasma membrane of a cell NOT conducting an action potential is said to be polarized because
there are opposite charges across the membrane.
What structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear?
tympanic membrane
Osteoblast activity would be expected to be high
when blood calcium levels are high
Another name for the cheekbone is the
zygomatic bone