Anatomy Ch 3

Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ________.

gap junctions

The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) ________.

gene

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as _______

simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue?

skeletal muscle

The process of transcription ________.

transfers information from DNA into mRNA

________ muscle tissue has no visible striations and has spindle-shaped cells

Smooth

Which of the following represents a segment of RNA?

AUGUCA

________ tissue is commonly called fat.

Adipose

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.

The movement of substances through the cell membrane against their concentration gradient is a type of ________ process.

active

Epithelial tissues have one free surface or edge known as the ________ surface.

apical

Osmosis transports water across membranes using ________.

aquaporins

The presence of chondrocytes indicates that a tissue is ________.

cartilage

Which type of connective tissue is avascular?

cartilage

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ________.

cell

The purpose of ________ is to produce two genetically identical cells

cell division

Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called ________.

codons

What is required for diffusion to occur?

concentration gradient

The type of tissue consisting of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix is ________ tissue.

connective

The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called ________.

connective tissue

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ________.

cytokinesis

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________.

cytoplasm

The ________ is a network of proteins that forms an internal framework for the cell.

cytoskeleton

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ________.

cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

Jacinda tore her Achilles (calcaneal) tendon during a recent track meet. She has injured ________.

dense connective tissue

Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as ________.

endocrine

Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules?

facilitated diffusion and solute pumping

The movement of fluid through the cell membrane from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area is called ________.

filtration

Looking into a microscope, you notice cells swimming, propelled by a long tail. What cell structure must these cells have in order to be mobile?

flagella

Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?

flagellum

Intercalated discs found in cardiac muscle tissue are ________.

gap junctions

Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?

glucose

The phospholipid tails are ________, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

hydrophobic

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is ________.

hypotonic

DNA replication takes place during ________.

interphase

The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ________.

interphase

The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as ________.

interphase

The nucleoplasm and cytosol make up the ________ fluid

intracellular

The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ________.

lysosome

The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the _______

mitochondrion

Which of these characteristics best describes cardiac muscle tissue?

movement is involuntary and cells possess striations

Neurons and neuroglia are components of ________.

nervous tissue

Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses?

nervous tissue

The cell type found in nervous tissue is the ________.

neuron

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ________.

organelles

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ________.

osmosis

Bone is best described as ________.

osseous tissue

Two types of endocytosis are ________.

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

What is the arrangement of the phospholipids as a substance passes through the plasma membrane?

phospholipid head, phospholipid tails, phospholipid tails, phospholipid head

A cancer drug interferes with the development of mitotic spindle fibers during cell division. Which phase is directly affected?

prophase

The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?

protein carrier or channel

Damaged tissues that are repaired by the same kind of cells experience a replacement process known as ________.

regeneration

Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________.

require no ATP

Identify the type of connective tissue that is found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow

reticular connective tissue

Which of the following tissues is constructed of many collagen fibers?

scar tissue

A cell is isotonic to its 4% dextrose solution. When moved to a 6% dextrose solution, that cell will ________.

shrink

The type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestines is ________.

simple columnar

The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach, and in the walls of blood vessels is ________.

smooth muscle

Which tissue performs peristalsis to move substances, such as food, through the hollow organs of the body?

smooth muscle tissue

Many layers of flattened cells should be termed ________ epithelial tissue.

stratified squamous

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?

stratified squamous epithelium

The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ________ while cytosine pairs with ________.

thymine; guanine

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ________.

tight junctions

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ________.

tissues

The two major phases of protein synthesis are ________.

transcription and translation

The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ________ and ________.

transcription; translation

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is ________.

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

transitional epithelium

During transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed molecule of RNA?

uracil

________, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

Desmosomes

________ glands possess ducts that transport secretions onto epithelial surfaces.

Exocrine

The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ________.

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus?

Golgi apparatus

If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be ________.

CAT-CGT