Anatomy ch 5

A slight sunburn is an example of a ______ burn. A. third-degree B. fourth-degree C. partial-thickness D. first-degree E. second-degree

d

A victim of an automobile accident goes into shock, which results in decreased blood flow. The victim's skin will A. have a reddish hue. B. not change color. C. become bright red. D. become pale. E. develop a yellow tint.

d

Eskimos wear a great deal of clothing and have limited exposure to U.V. light, but do not suffer from vitamin D deficiency. A possible explanation is, A. their exposure to U.V. light in the summer will last for a year. B. they do not need vitamin D. C. their bodies produce vitamin D another way. D. they get enough vitamin D in their diet of fish and marine mammals. E. they do not require sunlight for vitamin D formation.

d

Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the A. breakdown of carotene. B. breakdown of melanin. C. activity of the keratinocytes. D. activity of the enzyme tyrosinase. E. buildup of bilirubin.

d

Fingernails are comprised of: A. collagen deposited by the lunula and the matrix B. proteins secreted by the nail groove from the matrix C. epithelial and collagen fibers produced in the dermis D. thin, dead scaly cells

d

Impetigo is caused by the bacterium A. Luteus. B. Herpes. C. Propionibacterium. D. Staphylococcus. E. Streptococcus.

d

Inflammation of the skin is called dermatitis or A. psoriasis. B. vitiligo. C. bullae. D. eczema. E. decubitus ulcer.

d

Skin glands do not include A. sweat glands. B. sebaceous glands. C. mammary glands. D. salivary glands. E. ceruminous glands.

d

Sweat A. reaches the body only through the hair follicles. B. is not associated with emotions. C. contains only water. D. is produced by a merocrine or apocrine gland. E. is a hypertonic fluid.

d

The amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the A. cause of the burn. B. amount of pain. C. color of the skin. D. rule of nines. E. ABCDE rule.

d

The central axis of the hair is the A. shaft. B. cuticle. C. root. D. medulla. E. hair bulb.

d

The outer surface of the hair is called the A. medulla. B. shaft. C. hair bulb. D. cuticle. E. root.

d

The portion of the hair below the surface of the skin is the A. medulla. B. shaft. C. cuticle. D. root. E. hair bulb.

d

Thin skin has only four epithelial strata. It lacks which of the following? A. stratum basale B. stratum granulosum C. stratum spinosum D. stratum lucidum E. stratum corneum

d

This is the site of fat storage in the skin. A. epidermis B. papillary layer C. reticular layer D. hypodermis E. stretch marks

d

When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis A. is a more vascular tissue than the hypodermis. B. and the hypodermis do not contain collagen. C. contains melanocytes; the hypodermis does not. D. is divided into two layers; the hypodermis is not. E. has more fat cells than the hypodermis.

d

When the skin develops a reddish color due to a temporary increase in blood flow, the condition is called: A. jaundice B. albinism C. cyanosis D. erythema

d

Which of the following people would have the greatest risk of getting skin cancer? A. A 31-year old dark-skinned male B. A 23-year old female with blond hair and hazel eyes C. A 55-year-old male with brown hair and brown eyes D. A 68-year old male with blond hair and blue eyes

d

Which of the following skin changes is usually associated with aging? A. There is an increase in the number of elastic fibers in the skin. B. Skin becomes thicker. C. The amount of collagen in the dermis increases. D. Loss of subcutaneous tissue contributes to sagging of the skin. E. Localized increase in sebaceous glands leads to dry skin.

d

Which region of the nail contains the stratum basale layer? A. the cuticle B. the hyponychium C. the free edge D. the matrix

d

Which type of skin cancer is most common? A. Kaposi's sarcoma B. melanoma C. psoriasis D. basal cell carcinoma E. squamous cell carcinoma

d

Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin exposed to ultraviolet light? A. vitamin C B. vitamin E C. vitamin B D. vitamin D E. vitamin A

d

Which four factors are believed to be responsible for acne? Check the four that apply. ____Overproduction of sweat by eccrine glands ____Bacteria, including Propionibacterium acnes ____Hormone levels ____Viruses, including Herpes virus ____Sugary and fried food ____Overproduction of sebum by sebaceous glands ____Abnormal production of cells

-Bacteria, including Propionibacterium acnes -hormone levels -Overproduction of sebum by sebaceous glands -Abnormal production of cells

One function of the integumentary system is to act as a barrier to bacteria, however there are many microbes that already live on or in our bodies without causing infections. Some treatments for acne include specific oral antibiotics, such as erythromycin and tetracycline, to reduce the amount of Propionibacterium acnes on the skin and in the follicles. Knowing there are both 'good' and 'bad' bacterial forms of P. acnes, which of the following statements about using antibiotics is true? Check all that apply. ____Some "good" bacteria are reduced. ____ Some "bad" bacteria are reduced. _____ Only "bad" bacteria are reduced. ____ Some new bacterial infections can begin. ____ Some new bacterial infections can be prevented. _____ Only old infections can be controlled. ____ Some "good" bacteria can become resistant and therefore lead to more infections. ____ Some "bad" bacteria can become resistant and therefore lead to more infections.

-Some "good" bacteria are reduced. -Some "bad" bacteria are reduced. -Some new bacterial infections can begin. -Some new bacterial infections can be prevented. -Some "good" bacteria can become resistant and therefore lead to more infections. -Some "bad" bacteria can become resistant and therefore lead to more infections.

The dermis contains receptors that detect: ____ changes in pressure _____ pH differences ____ pain ____touch ____ variations in temperature

-changes in pressure -pain -touch -variations in temperature

Accutane (Isotretinoin) is a prescriptive drug used for treatment of severe acne by reducing the production of sebum. However this drug tends to have significant side effects including increased intracranial pressure, depression, clinical hepatitis and acute pancreatitis. Based on what you have learned about sebum, what would be the side effects of decreased sebum production for the integumentary system? Check all that apply. ____increased infections ____brittle hair ____oily skin ____increased water loss from skin ____cracked skin

-increased infections -brittle hair -increased water loss from skin -cracked skin

Indicate the statements that describe erythema. ____ It can be caused by emotions such as anger. _____ It occurs during pregnancy when estrogen and melanocyte-stimulating hormone levels have increased. ____ It may occur in response to exposure to the cold. ____ It results from an inflammatory response. ____ It can be caused by emotions such as embarrassment.

-it can be caused by emotions such as anger -it may occur in response to exposure to the cold -it results from an inflammatory response -it can be caused by emotions such as embarrassment

Select the regions that are composed of loose connective tissue. _____ Epidermis of the skin ____ Papillary layer of dermis _____ Reticular layer of the dermis ____ Subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis

-papillary layer of dermis -subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis

Identify the functions of the integumentary system _____ Blood cell production ____ Resistance to infection ____ Sensation of environmental stimuli ____ Thermoregulation _____ Vitamin E synthesis

-resistance to infection -sensation of environmental stimuli -thermoregulation

Indicate the statements that correctly describe partial thickness burns. ____ They are subdivided into first- and second-degree burns ____ They may involve only the epidermis _____ They are also called third degree burns _____ They involve the complete destruction of the epidermis and dermis

-they are subdivided into first and second degree burns -they may involve only the epidermis

Indicate the statements that apply to the arrector pili. ____ They consist of smooth muscle cells ____ They are associated with hair follicles ____ They extend from the dermal root sheath to the papillary layer of the dermis _____ They extend from the root sheath to the basement membrane of the epidermis

-they consist of smooth muscle cells -they are associated with hair follicles -they extend from the dermal root sheath to the papillary layer of the dermis

The primary determinant for skin color is the _______1______, not the _____2______

1. amount of melanin 2. number of melanocytes

A recent study demonstrated that there are three unique strains of Propionibacterium acnes; two strains are more prevalent in peterm-162ople with acne; however, one of which appears not to be pathogenic to humans and is more prevalent in people with 'clear' skin. Additionally, the strain of P. acnes found in healthy skin kills the of invading bacteria, including the pathogenic P. acnes. Which of the following statements about the targeted removal of 'bad' P. acnes and addition of 'good' P. acnes is INCORRECT? A. Once removed, the invading pathogenic P. acnes can not regrow on the skin. B. After "bad" P. acnes is removed, the applications of "good" P. acnes should be able to grow and kill invasive bacteria.

a

An increase in body temperature causes A. sweating. B. an increase in melanin production. C. an increase in keratinization of the skin. D. arterioles in the dermis to constrict. E. arrector pili muscles to contract.

a

Barney sat on a hot camp stove while on a camping trip. The burn was painful and blistered. He has what type of burn? A. second degree B. fourth degree C. first degree D. fifth degree E. third degree

a

Describe the movement of melanin in the skin. A. Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes. B. Melanin is transferred from melanocytes to Merkel cells. C. Melanocytes carry melanin with them as they migrate toward the skin surface. D. Melanin is transferred from keratinocytes to melanocytes.

a

Due to the contraction of smooth muscle in the walls of the dermal blood vessels, A. body heat is conserved. B. more blood enters into the heart. C. more blood flows to the skin. D. body temperature tends to drop in that area. E. the blood vessels become dilated.

a

Excessive shedding of this layer of the epidermis of the scalp is responsible for dandruff. A. stratum corneum B. stratum basale C. stratum lucidum D. stratum granulosum E. stratum spinosum

a

Light-skinned races such as Caucasians have A. approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins. B. more melanocytes than races with darker skins. C. fewer melanocytes than races with darker skins. D. more melanin in their skin. E. a different kind of melanin in their skin.

a

Melanin is found in which cells? A. Both melanocytes and keratinocytes B. Only melanocytes C. Both melanocytes and Langerhans cells D. Only keratinocytes

a

Melanoma can be detected early and treated with the application of a special rule. Which of the following is NOT a test used to determine if a mole is cancerous? A. freckles B. diameter C. border D. asymmetry E. color

a

On coming inside from the cold, students notice that their cheeks are red. This results from A. dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis of the cheeks. B. constriction of the blood vessels in the epidermis of the cheeks. C. increased permeability of superficial vessels. D. constriction of the sweat glands in the cheeks. E. damage to the epidermis by the cold.

a

Parallel curving ridges of dermis that shape the overlying epidermis into fingerprints... A. improve the grip of the hands B. are caused by the pattern of the reticular layer of the dermis C. are associated with thin skin D. decrease friction on surfaces where they are located E. tend to make the surface smooth

a

Some drugs for treating acne include peroxides that increases 'peeling' or shedding of skin. This drugs' side effects include drying of the skin, redness, rashes, bleaching and possible loss of hair in areas in contact. Do peroxides have an effect on the sebum-production? A. Yes, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there. B. No, the effect is on the dermis and the sebaceous glands are located there. C. No, the effect is on the epidermis and the sebaceous glands are located there. D. Yes, the effect is on the epidermis and the sebaceous glands are located there.

a

The contraction of the arrector pili: A. pulls the follicle into a more perpendicular position in relation to the skin surface B. pulls the follicle into a more oblique angle in relation to the skin surface

a

The distal portion of the nail is the A. nail body. B. eponychium. C. nail fold. D. hyponychium. E. nail root.

a

The epidermal layer that is present in the nail bed and the nail matrix is the A. stratum basale. B. stratum corneum. C. stratum lucidum. D. stratum lunula. E. stratum spinosum.

a

The nail proper is composed of the A. stratum corneum. B. stratum lucidum. C. stratum germinativum. D. stratum spinosum. E. All of these choices are correct.

a

The proximal portion of the nail is the A. nail root. B. hyponychium. C. nail body. D. nail fold. E. eponychium.

a

This layer of skin is composed of keratinocytes. A. epidermis B. hypodermis C. papillary layer D. reticular layer E. stretch marks

a

What protein is found in the nails, hair, and epidermis? A. keratin B. collagen C. melanin D. elastin E. carotene

a

What type of burn involves damage to the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue? A. Full thickness B. Partial thickness C. Second degree D. Total dermal thickness E. First degree

a

Which layer of the epidermis is found in only a few areas of the body? A. stratum lucidum B. stratum spinosum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum corneum E. stratum basale

a

Which of the following is an inflammatory condition of the skin? A. dermatitis. B. albinism. C. melanosomes. D. carotene. E. cyanosis

a

Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial? A. stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum B. stratum basale, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, and stratum corneum C. stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, and stratum granulosum D. stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, and stratum spinosum E. stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

a

A burn classified as partial thickness could be _____. A. epidermal or dermal B. first or second degree C. second or third degree D. thin or deep

b

A malfunction of the process of keratinization results in the condition known as... A. acne B. psoriasis C. jaundice D. cyanosis E. impetigo

b

A parent of an baby visits her pediatrician because her baby is turning orange. Fortunately, the baby's lab tests indicate no abnormality. What could be causing the orange coloration? A. The mother has been feeding the baby orange soda. B. The baby's diet consists of mostly sweet potatoes and carrots. C. There is no logical explanation for this coloration change. D. The baby was in the sun too long.

b

Adipose tissue in the hypodermis A. provides protection against infection. B. serves as a storage site for fat, which can be used for energy. C. connects the dermis with the epidermis. D. is absent in infants. E. helps to lower body temperature.

b

Baldness A. occurs only in men. B. is more common in men than in women. C. is not genetic. D. is related to estrogen levels. E. is related to levels of growth hormone.

b

Body odor results from secretions from the ______ sweat glands. A. eccrine B. apocrine C. sebaceous D. merocrine E. ceruminous

b

By reducing body temperature during hot weather, skin helps to maintain A. blood pH. B. body temperature homeostasis. C. brain activity. D. body structure. E. blood volume

b

Cedric slipped and cut his finger. The cut bled, but did not penetrate to the hypodermis. The deepest layer penetrated was the A. stratum corneum. B. papillary layer of the dermis. C. stratum spinosum. D. stratum basale. E. stratum granulosum.

b

In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed? A. stratum basale B. stratum granulosum C. stratum spinosum D. stratum corneum E. stratum lucidum

b

In which layer of the epidermis are lamellar bodies formed inside keratinocytes? A. stratum corneum B. stratum spinosum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum basale E. stratum lucidum

b

Keratinization... A. occurs in the dermis B. produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion C. determines skin color D. results in the formation of new epidermal cells E. does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis

b

Keratinocytes... A. produce skin pigments in cell organelles called melanosomes B. are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin C. determine thickness of the skin D. are special cells of the immune system E. are found in both the dermal and the epidermal layers of the skin

b

Melanin A. is transferred to other cells by osmosis. B. is absent in individuals known as albinos. C. is a pigment produced by cells in the stratum corneum. D. makes the skin lighter. E. is increased with exposure to infrared light.

b

Name the layer from which fingernails and toenails are derived. A. Hypodermis B. Epidermis C. Dermis

b

Skin color is the result of the A. amount of fat in the hypodermis. B. quantity of melanin in the skin. C. number of melanocytes in the skin. D. number of keratinocytes in the skin. E. thickness of the stratum basale.

b

The blue color of superficial blood vessels results from A. a lack of oxygen in the blood. B. the light-scattering properties of collagen. C. the superficial location of skin pigments. D. an increase in arterial blood circulating in the area. E. a lack of melanin in the area.

b

The integumentary system has many functions, one of which is... A. prevention of albinism B. detection of heat and touch C. regulation of acid-base balance D. production of vitamin E E. protection from cancer

b

The layer of epithelium that covers the skin is called the... A. hypodermis B. epidermis C. dermis D. papillary layer E. mesodermis

b

The skin discoloration most likely to result from liver disease is A. cyanosis. B. jaundice. C. hematoma. D. pallor. E. erythema.

b

The term "stratum germinativum" is sometimes used to refer to the... A. stratum granulosum B. stratum basale C. stratum lucidum D. stratum spinosum E. stratum corneum

b

This condition is characterized by a thicker than normal stratus corneum producing lar silvery scales. A. eczema B. psoriasis C. vitiligo D. decubitus ulcer E. bullae

b

This epidermal stratum has several layers of cells held together by desmosomes. A. stratum granulosum B. stratum spinosum C. stratum lucidum D. stratum basale E. stratum corneum

b

Touch receptors of the skin are located in all of these areas, except: A. in the dermis B. within the hair of the dermis and epidermis C. in the epidermis D. in the dermal papillae E. around the base of the hair follicle

b

What is synonymous with the cuticle? A. nail fold B. eponychium C. nail body D. hyponychium E. nail root

b

What type of burn appears white or black with no immediate pain? A. second-degree B. third-degree C. fourth-degree D. first-degree E. partial-thickness

b

Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system? A. keratinocytes B. langerhans cells C. melanocytes D. fibroblasts E. merkel cells

b

Which of the following functions is associated with the skin? A. fat production B. protection against ultraviolet radiation of the sun C. vitamin A production D. regulation of body pH E. vitamin C production

b

Which of the following hair colors is the result of a decrease in melanin? A. red B. white C. brown D. auburn E. black

b

Which of the following statements concerning the hypodermis is false? A. The hypodermis attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle. B. Hypodermis is composed of dense connective tissue with collagen and elastin fibers. C. Hypodermis is referred to as subcutaneous tissue. D. The main cell types of the hypodermis are fibroblasts, fat cells, and macrophages. E. The hypodermis is a site of fat storage.

b

Which of the following statements concerning vitamin D is false? A. Vitamin D is necessary for the formation of bones and teeth. B. Vitamin D causes the kidney to excrete calcium. C. Vitamin D is important for calcium homeostasis. D. Vitamin D is necessary for the uptake of calcium from the intestine. E. Vitamin D begins its synthesis in the skin when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light.

b

Which of the following statements is true? A. Hair in the axillary region is vellus hair after puberty. B. At puberty, much of the vellus hair is replaced with terminal hair. C. Both vellus and terminal hairs are pigmented. D. In males, the hairs of the beard are vellus hairs. E. The majority of hair on the chest is vellus hair.

b

A genetic disease characterized by the inability to produce melanin is A. cyanosis. B. melanosomes. C. albinism. D. carotene. E. dermatitis.

c

A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the A. joint. B. dermis. C. hypodermis. D. muscle. E. epidermis.

c

A yellow pigment derived from plants that can impart a yellow color to the skin is A. albinism. B. cyanosis. C. carotene. D. dermatitis. E. melanosomes.

c

An abrasion of the skin results in which of the following? A. fluid retention by the kidney B. increased melanin production C. portal of entry for microorganisms D. loss of cell regeneration ability E. irreversible damage to the epidermis

c

An expanded knob at the base of the hair root is the A. medulla. B. cuticle. C. hair bulb. D. root. E. shaft

c

Another name for a bedsore is A. psoriasis. B. vitiligo. C. decubitus ulcer. D. eczema. E. bullae.

c

As skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. This process is called... A. desquamation B. pollination C. keratinization D. germination E. melaninization

c

Bob was completely bald on the top of his head by the time he was 35 years of age. Bob noticed he produced abundant sweat on his head when he exercised. He also noticed that his scalp was no longer oily. Which of the following changes account for the observations? (1) He has fewer functional hair follicles now. (2) He has fewer functional sebaceous glands now. (3) He has fewer merocrine sweat glands now. (4) He has fewer apocrine sweat glands now. A. 1, 3, 4 B. 1, 2, 3, 4 C. 1, 2 D. 1, 2, 4 E. 1, 2, 3

c

Describe the effect of exposure to UV rays on the skin. A. Improved skin tone B. Increased vitamin B production C. Increased melanin synthesis D. Decreased cancer risk

c

Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called... A. cleavage lines B. dermal striae C. dermal papillae D. reticular lines E. melanocytes

c

Lead poisoning can be detected by doing an analysis of A. sweat. B. skin folds. C. hair. D. skin. E. nails.

c

Melanin is produced only by A. keratinocytes. B. Langerhans cells. C. melanocytes. D. basal cells. E. Merkel's cells.

c

Nails A. are part of the dermis. B. are soft keratin. C. protect the ends of digits. D. alternate between growing and resting stages. E. grow from their free edges.

c

One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed through the skin. Which of the following substances might be the type of chemical involved? A. proteins B. carbohydrates C. lipid-soluble substances D. amino acids E. water-soluble substances

c

Subcutaneous tissue contains of all of the following EXCEPT: A. collagen and elastin fibers B. macrophages C. stratified squamous epithelial tissue D. fibroblasts and adipocytes E. loose connective tissue

c

The activity of apocrine sweat glands A. gives the skin a healthy glow. B. produces sweat on the palm of the hand. C. leads to body odor. D. produces cerumen. E. produces an oily secretion.

c

The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called A. desquamation. B. hemolysis. C. cyanosis. D. carotenosis. E. albinism.

c

The effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except: A. loss of fat from the subcutaneous tissue B. thinner epidermis C. increases in sebaceous gland activity D. reduction in collagen and elastin

c

The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the... A. stratum lucidum B. stratum granulosum C. stratum basale D. stratum corneum E. stratum dermum

c

The nail root and the nail body attach to the A. nail groove. B. hyponychium. C. nail bed. D. lunula. E. hypodermis.

c

The portion of a hair that protrudes above the surface of the skin is the A. hair root. B. hair follicle. C. hair shaft. D. hair bulb. E. dermal papilla.

c

The skin that covers the lateral and proximal edges of the nail is the A. hyponychium. B. nail root. C. nail fold. D. eponychium. E. nail body

c

The stratum corneum beneath the free edge of the nail is the A. nail root. B. eponychium. C. hyponychium. D. nail fold. E. nail body

c

The vesicles that contain melanin are called ______. A. keratinocytes B. Golgi apparatus C. melanosomes D. melanocytes

c

Thick skin A. has three different epidermal strata. B. has fewer layers of cells in the stratum corneum than thin skin. C. is found in areas subject to pressure or friction such as palms. D. is found covering most of the body. E. is determined by the thickness of the dermis.

c

This is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis. A. epidermis B. reticular layer C. papillary layer D. stretch marks E. hypodermis

c

This is the main fibrous layer of the dermis. A. hypodermis B. stretch marks C. reticular layer D. papillary layer E. epidermis

c

This layer is found only in thick skin. A. stratum corneum B. stratum granulosum C. stratum lucidum D. stratum basale E. stratum spinosum

c

What will develop when the skin is subjected to excess friction or pressure? A. papillae B. stretch marks C. callus D. melanoma E. carcinoma

c

Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn? A. local edema B. venous thrombosis C. increased immunity D. decreased heart pumping ability E. shock

c

Which of the following is the most common form of skin cancer? A. Small cell carcinoma B. Squamous cell carcinoma C. Basal cell carcinoma D. Melanoma

c

Which of the following statements concerning the epidermis is true? A. the epidermis contains numerous blood vessels B. the epidermis is very permeable to water-soluble molecules C. the epidermis is nourished by blood vessels located in the dermis D. the most numerous cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes E. the dermis is superficial to the epidermis

c

Which of the following statements regarding melanin is true? A. Men produce more melanin than women. B. In Addison's disease, less melanin is produced. C. During pregnancy melanin production is increased. D. Both melanocytes and keratinocytes produce melanin. E. Melanin is a white pigment.

c

Which of the following will help cool the body? A. decreased blood flow to the skin B. absorption of excess sweat C. evaporation of sweat from the skin's surface D. absorption of ultraviolet light rays by the skin E. contraction of the arrector pili muscles

c

Which type of skin cancer is the most deadly? A. Kaposi's sarcoma B. basal cell carcinoma C. melanoma D. squamous cell carcinoma E. psoriasis

c

Acne is caused by A. testosterone. B. sebum. C. abnormal keratinization of hair follicles. D. Propionibacterium. E. All of these are factors.

e

All of the following statements concerning hair are true except one. Identify the exception. A. In pattern baldness, those hair follicles present begin to produce vellus hair. B. Hair growth occurs in cycles, with growth and resting stages. C. Some loss of hair is normal and indicates old hairs are being pushed out by new hairs. D. Genetic factors and testosterone cause pattern baldness. E. The growth rate of all types of hair is the same.

e

At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called A. lanugo hairs. B. primary hairs. C. pubic hairs. D. vellus hairs. E. terminal hairs

e

By covering the whole body surface, the skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role in A. respiration. B. circulation. C. digestion. D. excretion. E. immunity.

e

Delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called A. terminal hairs. B. secondary hairs. C. primary hairs. D. vellus hairs. E. lanugo hairs.

e

Eccrine sweat glands A. are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature. B. produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin. C. serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles. D. produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria. E. aid in cooling the body.

e

If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layer(s) was/were cut? A. stratum corneum B. stratum basale C. dermis D. hypodermis E. all of these layers

e

Intact skin provides protection because A. the skin enhances water loss from the body. B. macrophages roam in the epidermis. C. its secretions keep the skin slightly alkaline. D. the skin contains components of the excretory system. E. it forms a physical barrier against the entry of microbes.

e

Melanin production can be influenced by A. genetics. B. hormones. C. exposure to sunlight. D. pregnancy. E. All of these choices are correct.

e

Nail cells are produced by the A. nail groove. B. nail body. C. cuticle. D. lunula. E. nail matrix.

e

Ringworm is an infection of the skin, hair, and nails caused by a A. parasite. B. virus. C. inflammation. D. bacterium. E. fungus.

e

Rupturing the dermis may cause these to develop. A. reticular layer B. papillary layer C. hypodermis D. epidermis E. stretch marks

e

Stretch marks develop on the abdomen of pregnant women because of stretching and rupture of the A. epidermis. B. melanocytes. C. stratum corneum. D. hypodermis. E. dermis.

e

That portion of the hair that extends above the surface of the skin is the A. cuticle. B. hair bulb. C. root. D. medulla. E. shaft.

e

The dermis A. does not contain connective tissue. B. is divided into three distinct layers. C. functions as padding and insulation. D. contains no blood vessels. E. is responsible for most of the skin's structural strength.

e

The epidermis... A. is composed of loose tissue B. is made up mostly of melanocytes C. is composed of the reticular and papillary layers D. is thicker than the dermis E. contains no blood vessels

e

The layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity. A. stratum granulosum B. stratum corneum C. stratum lucidum D. stratum spinosum E. stratum basale

e

The length of hair is determined by the A. size of the hair bulb. B. age of the person. C. length of the resting stage. D. angle of the hair root. E. rate of hair growth.

e

The stratum basale... A. contains cells that undergo meiosis to form new epidermal cells B. has a mixture of living and dead cells- mostly dead C. is easily shed when you rub your hands together D. contains many blood vessels that nourish the epidermis E. contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells

e

The vesicles that contain melanin are A. cyanosis. B. carotene. C. dermatitis. D. albinism. E. melanosomes.

e

This condition involves the development of white patches on the skin caused by the loss of melanocytes. A. psoriasis B. decubitus ulcer C. eczema D. bullae E. vitiligo

e

This stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells. A. stratum lucidum B. stratum spinosum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum basale E. stratum corneum

e

Vitamin C is essential for normal collagen synthesis. If a child suffered from a vitamin C deficiency, which layer of the skin would be most affected? A. epidermis B. stratum basale C. stratum corneum D. stratum granulosum E. reticular layer of dermis

e

When the arrector pili muscles contract A. the body is able to lose heat. B. no change is noted on the skin surface. C. the hair on your arms and legs begins to curl. D. the sweat glands empty their contents onto the surface of the skin. E. "goose bumps" form on the skin.

e

Which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn? A. electrolyte imbalance B. weight loss C. fever D. hypermetabolic state E. decreased protein demand

e

Which of the following is NOT a type of burn? A. partial-thickness burn B. third-degree burn C. full-thickness burn D. second-degree burn E. primary burn

e

Which of the following statements is false? A. Sebaceous secretions are lipid soluble. B. Secretions from sebaceous glands oil the hair and skin. C. Secretions from sebaceous glands provide protection against bacteria. D. Most sebaceous glands are connected by a duct to the upper portion of the hair follicle. E. Sebaceous glands are an example of apocrine glands.

e

Which of the following statements is true? A. The hair follicle has a hypodermal root sheath. B. Both the hair root and hair shaft contain living cells. C. The matrix forms the hair surface. D. The hair follicle is not associated with sebaceous glands. E. Undamaged hair follicles can help regenerate damaged epithelium.

e

With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly A. exhibit a decrease in melanin production. B. no longer experience hot flashes at night. C. have less blood flowing to the skin. D. have an increase in desquamation. E. experience a decrease in the thickness of their subcutaneous fat layer.

e

True or False? Scientists, studying skin microbes, have identified three unique strains of the bacterium P. acnes., all of which are found on the skin. These bacteria break down fats, resulting an a low skin pH. This low pH is alkaline in nature and makes the environment unfavorable to invading bacteria.

false

True or false? The acne-associated bacterium Propionibacterium acnes are found in sebum-rich of the skin, such as the arms, palms, and axillary regions.

false

True or false? The subcutaneous tissue is part of the skin or the integumentary system.

false

Indicate the factors that do NOT directly determine the amount and rate of melanin production in an individual. _____ Exposure to light _____ Genetic factors _____ Hormones levels _____ Ingestion of dark, leafy vegetables ____ Physical fitness

physical fitness