Chapter 7

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Once they have been processed through the citric acid cycle, the acetyl-CoA molecules from a single glucose molecule will produce...

2 ATP, 6 NADH, 4 CO2

T or F: Oxidization is the gaining of electrons

False

T or F: by the time pyruvate is formed most of the energy contained glucose has been released

False

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids does not produce

ATP

During the citric acid cycle

ATP is synthesized by substrate level phosphorylation.

"Coupling" is made possible by

ATP synthase

What does occur during third phase of Glycosis

ATP synthesis Pyruvate production The transfer of high-energy electrons to NAD+

Glycosis is Aerobic or Anaerobic

Anaerobic

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in

Bacteria and animals

The breakdown of fatty acids takes place via a process called

Beta-oxidization

Cellular respiration is a series of _____ reactions.

Catabolic

The second phase of Glycosis

Cleaves a phosphorylated sugar molecule and rearranges the products.

T or F: In a plant cell, all stages of cellular respiration are carried out in the cytoplasm.

False

Phosphorylation glucose during phase 1 of Glycosis

Destabilizes the glucose molecule so that it can be broken down in stage 2

At what phase of Glycosis is NADH formed.

During phase 3, when glyceralhyde 3- phosphate is phosphorylated.

In the first three stages of cellular respiration, the chemical energy in glucose is transferred to

Electron carriers and ATP

The proteins of the electron transport chain are:

Embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane

The first phase of Glycosis requires the input of two ATP molecules. It is therefore:

Endergonic

The majority of energy generated in the citric acid cycle is in the form of:

Energy electrons donated to NAD+ and FADH

T or F: By the time pyruvate is for most of the energy contained in glucose has been released

False

T or F: Oxidization is the gain of electrons

False

In cellular respiration, oxygen

Gains electrons and is an oxidizing agent.

Excess glucose is stored in large branch molecules of

Glycogen in molecules

Protons have a high concentration in the _____ and a low concentration in the ______

Inter membrane space; mitochondrial matrix.

Acetyl-CoA synthesis is an important step in cellular respiration because

It links Glycosis with aerobic respiration.

A reducing agent

Loses electrons

In eukaryotes acetyl-CoA synthesis takes place in the______

Mitochondrial Matrix

Citric acid cycle takes place in the _________

Mitochondrial matrix

In eukaryotes, acetyl-CoA synthesis takes place in the

Mitochondrial matrix

In what organelle is acetyl-CoA synthesis carried out in a cell

Mitochondrion

The inputs to glycolysis do not include

NADH

The citric acid cycle is a cycle because the starting molecule______ is regenerated at the end.

Oxaloacetate

The electron transport chain is part of

Oxidative phosphorylation.

During acetyl-CoA synthesis, pyruvate is:

Oxidized

In cellular respiration, glucose is ____ to CO2 and oxygen is ____ to water.

Oxidized; Reduced

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is

Oxygen

In the 3rd phase of Glycosis _____ does not occur

Oxygen consumption.

During Fermentation, pyruvate is ________

Reduced

Fermentation occurs in

Some amoebic organisms, such as yeast, even in the presence of oxygen.

In Glycosis, ATP is synthesized via:

Substrate level phosphorylation

Fermentation takes place in

The cytoplasm

The chemical bonds of carbohydrates lipids have high potential energy because

The electrons are far away from the nuclei of the atoms

Which is the only reaction in the citric acid cycle that produces ATP by substrate level phosphorylation

The formation of succinate

Coenzyme Q and cytochrome C

Transfer high-energy electrons between protein complexes of the electron transport chain.

At the end of Glycosis, the carbon molecules originally found in the starting glucose molecule are in the form of

Two pyruvate molecules


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